挥发性硫化物口臭模型的建立

目的探讨采用挥发性硫化物(volatile sulfur compounds,VSCs)建立试验性口臭模型的可行性。方法36名健康自愿者含漱自制的"口臭造模液"(主要成分为VSCs)前后进行口腔VSCs检测,之后每隔1周重复测试1次,共测试4次。对每次造模前后口腔VSCs体积分数差异进行两样本配对的Wilcoxon秩和检验;对4次测试的基线值差异、4次测试的造模后口腔VSCs体积分数的差异分别进行Friedman秩和检验;对每次测试的基线和造模后口腔VSCs体积分数分别进行Spearman相关性检验。结果4次测试的基线和造模后口腔VSCs体积分数(×10-9)分别为90±61、688±340;100±69、662±303;94±52、684±290和82±54、602±293。每次造模后口腔VSCs体积分数均较基线值升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4次测试的口腔VSCs体积分数基线值比较和4次测试的造模后口腔VSCs体积分数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。每次测试获得的基线和造模后口腔VSCs体积分数存在正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论采用自制"口臭造模液"建立的试验性口臭模型稳定性好,可资后续的口臭防治相关产品开发时应用。     

异常口气中挥发性硫化物的气相色谱分析研究

目的 对口臭患者口气中挥发性硫化物中的主要成分进行检测分析,并探讨与牙周病的关系。方法 根据相关标准筛选出口臭患者50例,采用气相色谱技术对挥发性硫化物中的主要成分:硫化氢(H2S)和甲硫醇(CH3SH),进行定性定量分析;同时检查记录患者口腔中牙周相关指标,将H2S和CH3SH与牙周相关指标作相关性分析。结果 H2S和CH3SH的浓度随着牙周袋深度和龈沟出血指数的增加而增加,同时CH3SH和H2S的比值也随之增加。结论 H2S和CH3SH的产生与牙周病的发生发展有较密切的联系,CH3SH与牙周病的相关性更大。     

成都地区健康人群口腔挥发性硫成分水平的测量及影响因素分析

目的:了解成都地区人群口腔挥发性硫成分(VSCs)的分布、口臭发病情况及影响因素。方法:对符合纳入标准的成都地区384个健康成人使用便携式口气测定仪Halimeter及口气感官检测法分别检测人群口腔VSCs水平及口气指数,采用舌苔指数评价受检者舌苔情况并进行问卷调查,统计学分析观察结果了解口臭在人群中的分布及影响因素。结果:21161%受检者的VSCs值大于300 ppb。28191%受检者口气值大于6,表明有慢性口臭,男女之间口气值有显著差异(P<0105)。无论VSCs水平或口气指数与患者舌苔指数均有显著相关。结论:人群中有口臭的患者占有相当比例,舌苔与口臭有密切相关关系,口腔卫生应重视舌苔的清洁。     

甲壳胺抗口臭作用的实验研究

目的 通过观察甲壳胺凝集口腔细菌及其对产臭菌异味产物的影响，评价甲壳胺的抗口臭作用。方法 本研究选用了五种标准菌株，包括与菌斑形成密切相关的变形链球菌和粘性放线菌以及三种口腔主要产臭菌：牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌、具核梭杆菌。实验包括三个部分：运用厌氧培养观察甲壳胺对五种细菌的抑菌作用及凝集作用；利用气相色谱法分析甲壳胺对产臭菌硫化物及吲哚代谢产物的影响。结果0．002％～1％甲壳胺对五种细菌无明显抑菌作用，凝集实验结果通过肉眼观察及菌液涂片显示：0．125％～1％甲壳胺对这五种细菌产生了明显的凝集作用。色谱分析实验结果显示：在牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌、具核梭杆菌不加药物试管的顶空气体中，均能检测出二甲二硫醇、二甲三硫醇、二甲四硫醇和吲哚的存在，在这三种细菌加有1％甲壳胺的实验组试管的顶空气体中，未能检测出任何一种硫化物的存在，而且，除了中间普氏菌实验组仅检测出极少量的吲哚外(峰面积相当子不加药物试管的1／22)，牙龈卟啉单胞菌、具核梭杆菌实验组均没有检测到吲哚的生成。结论 甲壳胺能吸附凝集细菌，并减少产臭菌异味产物的释放。     

O.4%硫酸锌溶液对口气中挥发性硫化物浓度的影响

目的 观察0.4％硫酸锌溶液漱口前后口气中挥发性硫化物(volatile sulfur compounds,VSCs)浓度的变化,研究硫酸锌用于口臭的疗效。方法 根据相关标准筛选出口臭患者125例,随机分为3组,分别采用0.4％硫酸锌溶液、成品漱口水和蒸馏水漱口,使用口气测量仪检测各组患者漱口前和漱口后0、1、2、3 h的VSCs值。结果 漱口后0 h,3组VSCs值均有所下降,硫酸锌组与蒸馏水组差异显著(P<0.001);漱口后1、2、3 h,硫酸锌组VSCs值明显低于其他2组(P<0.001);漱口后3 h时,硫酸锌组的VSCs值仍明显低于漱口前的VSCs值(P<0.001)。结论0.4％硫酸锌溶液漱口可以在短期内有效消除口臭,可以用作口臭的辅助治疗。     

The Histology of Autologous Skin Grafts in the Human Oral Cavity

Investigations have been made in order to follow histologically the healing process of split skin grafted to the oral cavity. the material was obtained from 28 female and 4 male patients having received preprosthetic surgery due to an atrophic lower alveolar process. Biopsies were taken from the junctional area between the graft and the oral mucosa 10 days, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. After 10 days there was a distinct hyperplasia of the grafted epidermis. the junction between the epidermis and the oral epithelium were clearly defined as a change from orthokeratosis in the epidermis to slight parakeratosis in the oral epithelium. the hyperplasia were in most cases still present in the 12 months specimens. Some, however, showed a normal or even atrophic epidermis after 6 months. the junction between the oral epithelium and grafted epidermis could be clearly demonstrated 12 months postoperatively. In the connective tissue only a moderate inflammatory reaction were present throughout the period examined. No elastic fibres were formed in the junctional area making the transition between graft and oral mucasa easy identifyable. In 6 patients infection with candida albicans developed in the graft probably caused by the antibiotic treatment. Biopsies showed marked epithelial hyperplasia with parakeratosis and intraepithelial accumulations of leucocytes around candida hyphae. These changes are identical to those seen in oral leucoplakias with superimposed candida infection.     

口腔中粘着性细菌的分布比较

本实验对１０名患龋齿患者口腔中粘着性细菌的分布进行了比较，结果显示在牙菌斑中，早期分布以Ｓ．Ｍｉｌｅｒ和Ｓ．Ｍｉｔｉｓ为主，而粘性放线菌及口腔萘瑟氏菌群均在口腔中占有一定的比例，值得引起重视     

咀嚼口香糖对含漱蔗糖溶液后牙菌斑原位pH值的影响

目的：观察咀嚼含糖口香糖和含木糖醇口香糖对牙菌斑原位pH值变化的影响。方法：选择10名健康青年志愿者，采用受试者自身对照的临床试验方法，分别检测受试者含漱蔗糖溶液后咀嚼含糖口香糖和含木糖醇口香糖50min内牙菌斑pH值的动态变化。牙菌斑原位pH值的测定采用pH微电极接触法在口内直接测量。结果：含漱蔗糖溶液后5min开始咀嚼口香糖20min，可以明显提高牙菌斑pH值，使pH较快恢复至静止水平。咀嚼初期使用含糖口香糖牙菌斑pH无明显变化，而使用含木糖醇口香糖在咀嚼初期就可以明显提高牙菌斑pH至7．30。结论：含漱蔗糖溶液后，咀嚼无糖口香糖对牙菌斑的酸性产物产生明显的缓冲作用，提高菌斑pH值的作用较咀嚼含糖口香糖迅速而有效。     

牙周治疗改善口臭的作用

目的 :探讨牙周基础治疗 (龈上洁治、龈下刮治和根面平整 )对于改善口臭及降低口气中挥发性硫化物 (VSCs)水平的作用 ;牙周治疗配合清除舌苔、单纯牙周治疗和单纯清除舌苔降低VSCs的比较。方法 :全身健康牙周炎患者 117例 ,鼻闻法评价口臭程度 (OR)后分成两组 ,口臭组 85例 ,无口臭组 32例。口臭测量仪 (halimeter)测量清除舌苔前后口气中VSCs水平。检查菌斑指数 (PLI)、牙周袋探诊深度 (PD)和出血指数(BI)。口臭组 46例完成牙周基础治疗后重复以上检查。结果 :清除舌苔可明显降低口气中VSCs(口臭组37% ,无口臭组 2 9% ) (P <0 .0 1) ;牙周治疗前OR为 3.1,VSCs为 462 .3μg/L ,治疗后则分别为 1.0和184.3μg/L ,两者均明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,其中VSCs下降了约 5 5 % ;牙周治疗后再清除舌苔VSCs为 116.4μg/L ,降低了约 72 %。方差分析显示三种方法降低口气中VSCs水平有明显差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,其中牙周治疗配合清除舌苔最显著 ,单纯牙周治疗次之 ,单纯清除舌苔最小。结论 :牙周炎和舌苔是口臭和口气中VSCs的重要来源 ,尤其是牙周炎。牙周治疗和清除舌苔是改善口臭的有效方法 ,两者结合效果更好     

Characterization of oral bacteria in the tongue coating of patients with halitosis using 16S rRNA analysis

Abstract

There are many studies on the relationship between the tongue coating and halitosis, but few have evaluated the bacterial community present in the tongue coating. This study identified bacteria in the tongue coating in individuals with and without halitosis using 16S rRNA analysis. Forty subjects (mean age, 46.1?±?15.8?years) who visited the halitosis clinic at the University Dental Hospital between 2016 and 2017 were divided into halitosis (n?=?32) and non-halitosis (n?=?8) groups according to results from an organoleptic test (OT). Additional measurements via gas chromatography (GC) and the Breathtron® instrument confirmed the groupings as the H₂S, CH₃SH, (CH₃)₂S, and total volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) levels were significantly higher in the halitosis group than in the non-halitosis group. Bacterial diversity was higher in the halitosis group; the median (quartile) values of the Shannon index were 4.46 (4.21, 4.67) in the halitosis group and 3.80 (3.45, 4.30) in the non-halitosis group. Additionally, the median (quartile) values of the Chao-1 index were 84.0 (77.2, 95.0) in the halitosis group and 71.3 (65.0, 81.5) in the non-halitosis group. These differences in bacterial composition and diversity may further the understanding of causes and treatments for halitosis.     

Effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark essential oil on the halitosis-associated bacterium Solobacterium moorei and in vitro cytotoxicity

ObjectivesHalitosis, also known as bad breath or oral malodour, is a condition affecting a large proportion of the population. Solobacterium moorei is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that has been specifically associated with halitosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of essential oils, more particularly cinnamon bark oil, on growth, biofilm formation, eradication and killing, as well as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) production by S. moorei.MethodsA broth microdilution assay was used to determine the antibacterial activity of essential oils. Biofilm formation was assessed by a crystal violet staining assay and scanning electron microscopy. The biofilm of S. moorei was characterized by enzymatic treatments. Biofilm killing was determined by a luminescence assay monitoring ATP production. H₂S production was quantified with a colorimetric assay. The biocompatibility of cinnamon oil was investigated using a gingival keratinocyte cell line.ResultsAmong the ten essential oils tested, cinnamon oil was found to be the most powerful against S. moorei with MIC and MBC values of 0.039% and 0.156%, respectively. The biofilm formed by S. moorei was then characterized. The fact that DNase I and to a lesser extent proteinase K significantly reduced biofilm formation by S. moorei and induced its eradication suggests that the extracellular matrix of S. moorei biofilm may be mainly containing a DNA backbone associated with proteins. At concentrations below the MIC, cinnamon oil reduced S. moorei biofilm formation that resulted from an attenuation of bacterial growth. It was also found that treatment of a pre-formed biofilm of S. moorei with cinnamon oil significantly decreased its viability although it did not cause its eradication. Cinnamon oil had an inhibitory effect on the production of H₂S by S. moorei. Lastly, it was found that at concentrations effective against S. moorei, no significant loss of viability in gingival keratinocytes occurred after a 1-h exposure.ConclusionsOur study brought evidence that cinnamon oil may be a promising substance to incorporate into oral hygiene products for controlling bad breath by inhibiting growth, killing biofilm, and reducing H₂S production by S. moorei. Moreover, at the effective concentrations, cinnamon oil was found to have no toxic effects on oral keratinocytes.     

重组人表皮生长因子治疗放射性口腔溃疡效果报告

目的探讨重组人表皮生长因子(rhEGF)治疗放射性口腔溃疡的效果。方法将62例放射性口腔溃疡病例分为两组，治疗组用rhEGF治疗，对照组使用中成药喉风散。结果治疗放射性口腔溃疡的有效率治疗组明显高于对照组。结论rhEGF治疗放射性口腔溃疡是行之有效的方法。     

PAF方案在口腔鳞癌术前诱导化疗中的疗效评价

目的:探讨PAF方案(顺铂、阿霉素、5-氟脲嘧啶)术前诱导化疗对口腔鳞癌的临床疗效。方法:1994-1999年我院96例经病理检查证实为口腔鳞癌的患者,采用PAF方案术前诱导化疗两个周期,休息四周再行手术治疗,并对其近期疗效进行评价,随访观察5年生存率。结果:96例患者近期疗效评价中,原发病灶完全缓解2例,部分缓解56例,进展1例,有效率60.4%;区域淋巴结完全缓解1例,部分缓解12例,2例稳定,有效率86.7%;术后患者5年生存率71.9%。结论:PAF方案用于口腔鳞癌术前诱导化疗,具有较满意的临床效果,与适宜的手术相结合可以提高患者远期生存率。     

口腔癌相关成纤维细胞对舌癌细胞株侵袭特性的影响

目的 采用重建基底膜细胞侵袭实验,研究直接分离自舌癌组织旁的癌相关成纤维细胞（CAFs）对舌癌细胞株侵袭特性的影响,探讨CAFs在口腔鳞癌发展中的作用。方法 以Matrigel模拟重建基底膜,采用Transwell小室建立口腔CAFs与舌癌细胞株Tca8113的交互作用模型,观测CAFs对Tca8113侵袭特性的影响。结果 与正常成纤维细胞（NFs）相比,CAFs能促使更多的Tca8113细胞穿透Matrigel（P<0.05）。结论 口腔CAFs能促进舌癌细胞株Tca8113
的侵袭,在口腔鳞癌发展中起重要作用。     

Cancers of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx in the United States: An Epidemiologic Overview

Objectives : This paper reviews and summarizes recent epidemiologic data on the incidence, mortality, and survival of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. It identifies gaps in the science base, discusses emerging trends, and points out opportunities through which the epidemiology of these cancers can be understood better. Methods : Primary data sources were SEER incidence and survival data from 1973–92 and NCHS mortality data from the same period. Results : In general, the incidence, mortality, and survival rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers are well documented by existing national data; however, gaps in coverage still exist with respect to geographic, racial, and ethnic information. Overall, trends in the occurrence of these cancer types since 1973 have revealed modest improvements in incidence, more substantial improvements in mortality, and little change in survival. However, these trends varied by race, sex, and anatomic subsites. Conclusion : Demographic changes will greatly influence the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal cancer in coming decades. For older Americans, these cancer types are likely to remain a serious and perhaps increasing problem. Understanding of these cancers can be furthered by continued analysis of existing databases and the creation of new data sources for the future.     

口腔鳞癌浸润方式与颈淋巴结转移关系的组织学研究

目的　探讨口腔鳞癌不同浸润方式和颈淋巴结转移的关系。方法　利用Yamamoto的浸润方式分型法,对 200例临床和病理资料完整的口腔鳞癌患者进行组织学回顾性研究和分析。结果　鳞癌的浸润方式与鳞癌的颈淋巴结转移明显相关(P<0·001)。Ⅰ型~Ⅳd型浸润方式相对应的颈淋巴结转移率分别为0、5·9%、14·3%、63·0% 和82·9%。在80例Ⅲ~Ⅳd型浸润方式的转移患者中,Ⅳd型浸润方式常伴随N2期转移(P<0·05),而Ⅲ型和Ⅳc 型浸润方式则更常伴有N1期转移(P<0·05)。Ⅳc型浸润有41·2%的Ⅰ级平面和79·4%的Ⅰ~Ⅱ级平面转移机率,而Ⅳd型浸润的转移平面较为弥散,两者间有显著性差异(P<0·05)。结论　不同的口腔鳞癌浸润方式有着截然不同的颈淋巴结转移机率、转移分期和转移平面。对口腔鳞癌原发灶肿瘤-宿主边缘浸润方式的分型研究,有助于判断口腔鳞癌的区域性淋巴结转移情况,提供临床治疗方案设计和预后预测的依据。     

端粒酶抑制剂对口腔肿瘤细胞生长的影响

目的　探讨端粒酶抑制剂作为肿瘤治疗药物的可行性。方法　选择人口腔鳞状细胞癌KB细胞株作为靶细胞 ,观察端粒酶抑制剂 3′叠氮3′脱氧胸腺核苷 （AZT）和人端粒酶模板区的硫代反义寡核苷酸片断（ASONS）对上述肿瘤细胞株的作用 ,用MTT试验测定细胞毒作用 ;3HTdR掺入试验测定细胞增殖速度 ;用端粒重复序列扩增法 （TRAP）半定量方法测定细胞染毒前后端粒酶活性的变化 ;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期。结果　ASONS和AZT在一定剂量范围内有抑制肿瘤细胞株繁殖的作用 ,在抑制细胞生长的同时 ,端粒酶活性降低。此外 ,ASONS和AZT还有诱导细胞凋亡以及使细胞阻滞在G1 期的作用。结论　AZT和ASONS在体外有抑制端粒酶活性和抗肿瘤细胞增殖的作用 ,这种作用可能与细胞凋亡的诱导和细胞周期的阻滞有关。     

口腔癌术后放疗患者口腔菌群的变化

目的　了解口腔鳞癌术后放疗对患者口腔菌群的影响,为临床防治继发感染提供实验依据。方法　32例 口腔鳞癌术后患者,于放疗前后分别在照射野的中心区域与对侧黏膜采集唾液标本,进行细菌的分离培养鉴定,测 量可培养细菌的检出率、检出量和构成比。结果　与放疗前相比,放疗后照射侧和非照射侧的链球菌属、白色念珠 菌和绿脓杆菌检出增加;而照射侧的放线菌属和奈瑟菌属检出减少(P<0·05)。结论　口腔癌术后放疗可影响口 腔的微生态平衡,是导致口腔癌术后放疗患者发生感染的重要原因之一。     

微波热凝治疗口腔良性肿瘤的临床分析

目的　探讨微波热凝治疗口腔良性肿瘤的疗效。方法　随机选择口腔良性肿瘤患者165例,其中口腔粘液囊肿83例、血管瘤42例、乳头状瘤19例、纤维性增生14例和牙龈瘤7例,采用WB-100型微波多功能治疗机治疗,观察其疗效,并随访1~3年。结果　165例患者中144例特效,1次治疗痊愈;21例显效,2次治疗痊愈;随访无 1例复发。结论　微波热凝治疗口腔良性肿瘤疗效肯定且方便、快速和安全。