实验性精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸氧化应激水平的检测

目的测定青春期精索静脉曲张（VC）大鼠睾丸组织中氧化应激水平,探讨VC致不育的机制。方法将40只雄性青春期Wistar大鼠随机分为VC 8周组、VC 12周组（各12只）和相应的假手术对照组（各8只）,通过部分结扎左肾静脉建立实验性大鼠VC模型,对照组只游离左肾静脉不结扎。分别于术后8、12周解剖动物,测左侧精索静脉最大直径;比色法测睾丸组织内过氧化氢（H2O2）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）水平。结果成功建立了VC模型。VC 8周组和12周组大鼠左侧精索静脉均明显扩张（t=7.19、6.86,P〈0.01）,双侧睾丸组织内H2O2含量较对照组明显增加（t=2.31~4.78,P〈0.05、0.01）,与右侧相比左侧增加更明显（t=2.56、3.15,P〈0.05）,并且左侧VC 12周组比VC 8周组增加更明显（t=2.16,P〈0.05）。VC 8周组和VC 12周组左侧CAT活力与对照组比较显著降低（t=2.23、3.03,P〈0.05、0.01）,右侧数值有下降趋势但差异无显著性（t=0.95、1.41,P〉0.05）。VC 8周组和VC 12周组双侧SOD活力和T-AOC与对照组比较均明显降低（t=3.29~4.72,P〈0.01）,并且VC 12周组比VC 8周组降低更明显（t=2.80、3.38,P〈0.05、0.01）,T-AOC左侧睾丸比右侧下降更明显（t=11.66、7.54,P〈0.01）。结论 VC可引起双侧睾丸H2O2增加,CAT活力、SOD活力以及T-AOC下降,导致睾丸组织内氧化应激系统失衡。     

疏肝通络强精方对改进型实验性精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸EGF表达的影响

目的从分子水平探讨疏肝通络强精方治疗精索静脉曲张致不育的作用机理。方法选择青春期清洁级雄性SD大鼠50只,数字表法随机分为假手术组、模型组、手术治疗组、桃红合五子汤组、疏肝通络强精方组,每组各10只。1个月后,对各组均按1ml/100g体重灌胃,给药或生理盐水,每日1次,普食喂养,自由饮食饮水,连续60d后,处死并取出睾丸,免疫组化法检测睾丸组织EGF表达。结果 (1)模型组左侧睾重量及精液质量明显低于假手术组(P0.05);温度、精索静脉直径明显高于假手术组(P0.05)。疏肝通络强精方组左侧睾丸重量高于模型组(P0.05),疏肝通络强精方组与假手术组无明显差异。疏肝通络强精方组与其他疗组比较均有显著性差异(P0.05)。(2)模型组睾丸组织EGF表达量较各治疗组明显减少,疏肝通络强精方组与其他治疗组EGF表达量明显增多,差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论实验性精索静脉曲张青春期大鼠睾丸组织病理改变和局部生长因子EGF的变化是影响生精功能并导致精子质量下降的可能机制之一;疏肝通络强精方能明显上调EGF的表达,从而提高精液质量。可能是疏肝通络强精方对改进型实验性精索静脉曲张青春期大鼠睾丸生精功能保护作用的调控机制之一。     

Bcl-2蛋白在精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸中的表达及意义

目的 :探讨Bcl 2基因蛋白在精索静脉曲张大鼠生精细胞中的表达及意义。方法 :采用成年雄性Wistar大鼠复制左精索静脉曲张模型 ;应用免疫组化SP法检测睾丸组织中Bcl 2蛋白表达。结果 :实验组左侧睾丸Bcl 2蛋白表达率 ( 65 3 2± 2 1 3 3 ) %较对照组 ( 83 48± 2 0 78) %显著降低 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :精索静脉曲张大鼠生精细胞Bcl 2蛋白表达降低 ,睾丸生长减缓 ,提示精索静脉曲张症生精细胞凋亡可能是通过Bcl 2蛋白通道的负向调节实现的     

精索静脉曲张对精索静脉血与外周血性激素水平的影响

目的 :探讨精索静脉曲张对精索静脉血和外周血性激素水平的影响。方法 :对 30例精索静脉曲张患者与 2 6例腹股沟斜疝患者的精索静脉血与外周血性激素水平采用放射免疫分析法进行测定。结果 :精索静脉曲张组与腹股沟斜疝组精索静脉血睾酮有明显差异 (P <0 0 5 )。其余各组间比较无差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :精索静脉曲张患者外周血性激素浓度受多种因素影响。测定精索静脉血性激素水平并结合抑制素等指标 ,则能更准确地评价精索静脉曲张患者睾丸的内分泌功能     

实验性精索静脉曲张模型的建立及其对睾丸的影响

目的:研究青春期精索静脉曲张对睾丸的损害,探讨精索静脉曲张不育的机理。方法:通过部分结扎左肾静脉建立大鼠实验性精索静脉曲张模型,于术后8周研究双侧睾丸的组织学改变。结果:成功建立了大鼠实验性精索静脉曲张模型。该模型大鼠的睾丸病理损害以生精上皮退化,精子发生阻滞,生精细胞脱落,曲精小管萎缩,间质水肿,异常Leydig细胞增加最为多见。损害为双侧性。精索静脉曲张大鼠左侧睾丸平均重量较对照组显著减小。结论:精索静脉曲张大鼠双侧睾丸有严重的病理改变,这可能是精索静脉曲张不育的主要原因之一。     

丙酸睾酮对精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸和精子的修复作用

目的探讨丙酸睾酮补充治疗对精索静脉曲张青春期大鼠睾丸和精子的修复作用。方法将30只青春期SD雄性大鼠按照随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,通过结扎左肾静脉建立精索静脉曲张大鼠模型,假手术组、模型组大鼠每天注射16mg/kg生理盐水,低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组大鼠每天分别注射丙酸睾酮2、4、16mg/kg,连续注射14d。观察各组大鼠精子活力、精子存活率、精子畸形率、脏器质量指数等相关指标。结果模型组大鼠精子活力明显低于假手术组,中剂量组、高剂量组大鼠精子活力明显高于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);低剂量组与中剂量组精子存活率明显高于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);中剂量组睾丸结构有一定的恢复;中剂量组、高剂量组附睾指数明显高于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);高剂量组肾脏指数明显大于假手术组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论补充中剂量的丙酸睾酮可提高精索静脉曲张大鼠精子活力和存活率,降低脏器指数,并可能通过此作用而达到改善精索静脉曲张大鼠精子质量,提高生育力的目的。     

青春期精索静脉曲张的血流动力学及睾丸体积检测的临床意义

目的探讨青春期精索静脉曲张的内径、血液返流及睾丸体积的大小的临床意义.方法连续选择18例经手术证实的13～17岁(平均15.28±1.41岁)的精索静脉曲张的患儿,用彩色多普勒超声(CDU)分别测量左右精索静脉的内径(平静呼吸和乏氏动作),观测返流及持续时间,并测量左右睾丸体积.结果①患侧的精索静脉内径增宽,与健侧相比有显著性差异(P=0.0000),返流时间均大于1s.②患侧睾丸的体积小于健侧(P=0.0001).结论①建议青春期精索静脉曲张患儿的诊断标准以平静呼吸内径≥2mm、返流持续时间≥1s为宜.②在形态学上患侧睾丸小于健侧睾丸.③凡临床上怀疑精索静脉曲张者,应常规进行CDU检查.     

精索静脉曲张患者中精索静脉及睾丸体积的超声分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断精索静脉曲张患者中，双侧精索静脉之间及精索静脉曲张与睾丸体积改变之间的关系。方法采用彩色多普勒超声对30例正常人及73例精索静脉曲张患者的双侧精索静脉及睾丸体积进行检测，分析双侧精索静脉内径之间、患侧精索静脉内径与睾丸体积之间的相关性；回顾分析其中23例患者左侧精索静脉内径及左侧睾丸体积的变化。结果精索静脉曲张患者双侧精索静脉内径之间存在显著相关（P〈0．01），精索静脉曲张严重等级与睾丸体积无显著相关（P〉0．05），病程长短与睾丸体积变化存在显著相关（P〈0．05）。结论精索静脉曲张患者患侧精索静脉可影响对侧精索静脉；与睾丸体积变化密切相关的是病程的长短，而不是精索静脉曲张的严重程度；彩色多普勒超声检查有利于早期诊断及病情分析。     

精索静脉曲张对弱精症不育患者睾丸及精液指标的影响

【目的】探讨精索静脉曲张对弱精症不育患者睾丸及精液指标的影响。【方法】收集110例弱精症伴精索静脉曲张患者(观察组),根据临床型精索静脉曲张分级：Ⅰ级37例,Ⅱ级39例,Ⅲ级34例;另外选取35例健康男性志愿者为对照组,两组均进行睾丸、附睾、精索静脉最大内径及精索静脉反流情况检查。比较各组间睾丸体积、精液质量。【结果】观察组分级患者的精子活力、精子活率及精子浓度均明显低于对照组( P <0.05),且随着曲张程度的增加,精子活力、精子活率及精子浓度依次降低(P <0.05);而精液量和精子总数比较无统计学差异(P >0.05);观察组左侧、右侧睾丸体积均小于对照组(P <0.05);观察组分级患者左侧睾丸体积均明显小于右侧(P <0.05),且随着曲张程度的增加双侧睾丸体积依次减小(P <0.05)。【结论】不同程度的精索静脉曲张可引起睾丸体积减小,精液质量下降,随曲张程度增加,睾丸体积变小越明显、精液质量也呈下降趋势。     

超声检查对精索静脉曲张伴不育患者睾丸被膜动脉的评价

目的 应用彩色多普勒超声检测精索静脉曲张(VC)伴不育患者的睾丸被膜动脉血流情况,评估VC对睾丸微循环的影响以及与不育的关系.方法 选取经临床触诊及超声检查证实的左侧VC伴不育患者48例(病例组),以及同期30例男性健康志愿者为对照组,应用彩色多普勒超声检测两组精索静脉及睾丸被膜动脉收缩期流速(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI),确定VC程度;并实验室检查其精子质量变化情况.结果 病例组睾丸被膜动脉的PSV、RI和PI显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且随VC程度加重,精子质量呈下降趋势.结论 彩色多普勒超声检测VC患者睾丸被膜动脉PSV、RI、PI可作为临床诊断男性不育的重要参考指标.     

超声引导星状神经节阻滞术对失眠病人睡眠质量及血清糖皮质激素、生长激素水平的影响

目的:探讨超声引导星状神经节阻滞术(ultrasound guided stellate ganglion block,U-SGB)对失眠病人睡眠质量及血清糖皮质激素、生长激素(growth hormone,GH)水平的影响。方法:回顾性分析本院2016年1月至2017年1月期间本院神经内科门诊失眠病人123例,根据不同治疗方式将病人分为两组,观察组(n=62)采用U-SGB术治疗,对照组(n=61)采用艾司唑仑片,采用放射免疫分析法(Radioimmunoassay,RIA)检测治疗前与治疗4周后糖皮质激素与GH水平。参照匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)与世界卫生组织生活评定量表简表(world health organization quality of life BREF,WHOQOL-BREF)标准评定睡眠质量与生活质量。结果:治疗前,两组PSQI各维度及总评分、WHOQOL-BREF各领域评分比较差异无统计学意义,治疗后,两组病人的PSQI评分均显著低于治疗前,WHOQOL-BREF评分也都明显高于治疗前(P<0.001);其中观察组上述评分明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗前,两组病人血清糖皮质激素、GH水平比较差异无统计学意义,治疗后,全部病人糖皮质激素明显低于治疗前,GH水平明显高于治疗前(P<0.001),其中观察组上述指标明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。两组治疗期间均未出现臂丛神经阻滞、声音嘶哑等并发症。结论:U-SGB可明显改善失眠病人睡眠质量与生活质量,改善血清糖皮质激素、GH水平,值得临床推广应用。     

甲状旁腺激素对大鼠心肌c-myc基因表达的影响

目的 :研究不同浓度的甲状旁腺激素 (PTH)对成年大鼠心肌c -mycmRNA的影响。 方法 :采用逆转录多聚酶链反应 (RT -PCR)技术 ,比较正常对照组、低剂量PTH组 (1μg/10 0 g体重 )、高剂量PTH组 (3 μg/10 0g体重 )大鼠心肌c -mycmRNA表达。结果 :①正常成年大鼠心肌c-mycmRNA不表达 ;②静脉注射 2种剂量PTH组大鼠心肌中均见c -mycmRNA表达 ;③c -mycmRNA表达在低剂量组和高剂量组之间存在显著差异 (分别为 1 49± 0 0 7和 2 19± 0 2 2 ,P <0 0 0 1)。结论 :高浓度PTH可刺激心肌c -mycmRNA表达 ,且与剂量呈正相关性。     

药理浓度三氧化二砷对大鼠睾丸组织形态及精子生成的影响

目的　探讨药理浓度的三氧化二砷 (As2 O3)对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响。方法　应用不同剂量的As2 O3(2、 4和 8mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 )给大鼠腹腔内注射 ,2周后对大鼠进行睾丸组织病理学检查 ,同时检测大鼠血清砷的含量 ,睾丸精子头计数 ,并计算每日精子生成量。结果　随着给大鼠注射As2 O3的量增加 ,血清砷浓度也明显增加 ,同时大鼠睾丸精子头数和每日精子生成量也逐渐减少 ,在大剂量组出现显著统计学差异 (P<0 0 0 1) ;血清砷浓度与睾丸精子头数成负相关 (P小于0 0 1) ;小剂量组形态与正常对照组相似 ,中剂量组曲细精管结构变化虽不明显 ,但精子形成有所减少。而大剂量组部分曲细精管出现破裂、渗出 ,基膜溶解 ,精子生成明显减少 ,间质出现水肿渗出 ,支持细胞和各级生精细胞也有所减少。结论　As2 O3可通过损伤大鼠睾丸的组织结构、抑制睾丸精子生成而产生生殖毒性。     

五味保肝丸对急性肝损伤动物模型的作用

目的探讨五味保肝丸对大鼠急性四氯化碳（CCl4）肝损伤的保护作用。方法将60只Wistar大鼠随机分成6组,每组10只。正常对照组、模型对照组灌胃给予20 g/L羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,联苯双酯组灌胃给予10 g/L联苯双酯混悬液,五味保肝丸高、中、低3个剂量组分别灌胃给予0.315 00、.157 5和0.078 8 kg/L五味保肝丸混悬液,各组给药量均为20 mL/kg,每日灌胃1次,连续7 d。末次给药2 h后,除正常对照组大鼠腹腔注射等量生理盐水,其余5组均腹腔注射CCl4原液1 mL/kg。检测各组大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）活性,肝组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）含量,观察肝脏组织病理学变化情况。结果与模型对照组比较,五味保肝丸高、中剂量组血清中ALT活性降低,肝组织匀浆MDA含量降低,差异均有显著性（F=3.883、6.943,q=3.578～4.553,P〈0.05）;但AST、SOD的含量差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论五味保肝丸对急性CCl4肝损伤大鼠的肝组织具有保护作用。     

男性心绞痛患者白细胞性激素受体的变化

用放免法和放射配体结合法分别测定男性心绞痛病人血清性激素和白细胞性激素受体水平。结果表明与正常对照组相比，心绞痛组血清睾酮（T）和白细胞雄激江素最大的特异结合容量显著降低（P＜0．01）;血清雌二醇／每酮（E2／T）比率和白细胞雌江亲王大特异结合容量明显升高（P＜0．05～0．01），血清单二醇水平和雌激素及推激素受体的亲和力则无明显变化（P＞0．05）。揭示由血清睾降低引起的性激素失衡及性激素受体失衡是男性心绞痛的重要致病因子之一。     

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY FACTORS AND SEX ON THE TOXICITY OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN RATS

Six groups of rats on different diets were exposed to the inhalation of carbon tetrachloride (about 300 p. p. m.) for 150 days. Food intake and changes in weight were followed throughout the experiment. Animals fed a diet low in protein showed greater susceptibility than rats on a diet high in protein. Methionine was a good substitute for protein (casein) in the diet. Increase in fat intake with correspondingly lower carbohydrate intake exerted a harmful effect, especially evident in combination with a low protein diet. In this change of the fat: carbohydrate ratio, whether the increased fat or the lowered carbohydrate is the specific factor must remain unanswered at the present time. Necrotizing nephrosis was the presenting sign of the intoxication caused by carbon tetrachloride, in addition to hepatic changes, such as hydropic degeneration, necrosis, and cirrhosis. Dietary factors (methionine and methionine-containing protein, as well as low fat intake) more consistently prevented renal injury than cirrhosis of the liver. Under identical dietary conditions, especially with higher fat intake, male rats appeared to evince greater susceptibility to carbon tetrachloride than female rats. The significance of this observation and its wider applicability has been discussed.     

肝病患者血清甲状腺激素检测的临床意义

[目的]探讨肝病患者血清甲状腺激素的变化情况及临床意义。[方法]采用化学发光法检测200例肝病患者及30例正常对照者的血清血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）、总甲状腺素（TT4）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）及促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平,比较各组之间的差异。[结果]不同类型的肝脏疾病甲状腺激素水平的变化不同。[结论]检测甲状腺激素对肝病尤其是肝硬化及重型肝炎患者的预后判断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

THE INFLUENCE OF THE FACTORS OF SEX,AGE, AND METHOD OF INOCULATION UPON THE COURSE OF EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS IN THE RABBIT

For convenience the results are summarized in tabular form. Table I shows a comparison of the primary reaction in the groups of female and male rabbits inoculated intradermally. In Table II the incidence of metastatic lesions is shown in the various groups of animals. In Table III are shown the character and date of appearance of the generalized lesions (exclusive of orchitis) in the various groups of animals. The results presented in Tables I, II, and III, together with a study of the individual protocols, permit the following general statements to be made relative to the effect of the factors studied upon the course of experimental syphilis in the rabbit. Sex.—In the group of females inoculated intradermally the lesions at the site of inoculation were in general less marked than in the group of males similarly inoculated. Moreover, they attained their maximum size earlier and began to recede earlier than was the case in the males. In none of the females was there clinical evidence of the production of generalized lesions, while in the corresponding group of males metastatic lesions of skin or bones detectible by clinical examination occurred in one instance, or 14.3 per cent. In both groups there was wide variation in the character of the initial reaction in individual rabbits and in the time required for it to reach its maximum size. See PDF for Structure Age.—In the five young males inoculated intratesticularly the disease was not greatly different from that observed in the older males similarly inoculated. The initial reactions were slightly slower in making their appearance, but the magnitude of the reaction, as judged by enlargement of the testicles, was somewhat greater. The percentage incidence of metastatic orchitis was almost the same in the two groups. The younger animals showed a slightly greater incidence of generalized lesions involving structures other than the testicles, although the difference was insignificant, but the lesions were smaller, fewer in number, and confined entirely to the skin, and there was no instance of severe generalized lesions. Moreover, the occurrence of metastatic lesions (skin) in the younger animals was definitely delayed. Method of Injection.—In the animals inoculated by the intratesticular route the development of the primary reaction and the incidence of generalized lesions involving skin and bone were much greater than in See PDF for Structure the animals inoculated intradermally. Thus, of the latter group only one, or 14.3 per cent, showed a secondary metastatic lesion (skin), while in the group inoculated by the testicular route the incidence of metastatic skin and bone lesions was as high as 71.4 per cent. The difference in the character of the disease exhibited by these two groups of animals inoculated in a different manner is quite striking. Intratesticular inoculation produced a much more violent local reaction and a much greater incidence of generalized lesions than did intradermal inoculation. Effect of Castration.—In the group of animals with unilateral orchitis in which the infection was allowed to run its course without any attempt at suppression by removal of the initial focus, metastatic lesions appeared more promptly and in slightly greater incidence than See PDF for Structure in the group of animals in which the initial local reaction was suppressed by removal of the focus itself through castration. The percentage differences are not very great, but they are constantly in favor of the first group, as is the time interval of appearance. This experiment is not in strict accord with similar experiments observed by Brown and Pearce (3) in the past, and while the reasons for this difference are not clear the fact may be noted that the incidence of generalized lesions in uncastrated animals is somewhat higher than that reported by these authors, also that there was a high percentage of recurrence of primary lesions.     

EFFECTS OF INAKTIN ON CALCIUM METABOLISM IN THE RAT

Experiments were designed to investigate further the alterations in calcium metabolism caused by inaktin, a thiobarbiturate that impairs parathyroid hormone action in rats (1981). Treatment with an anesthetic dose of inaktin induced a drop in serum calcium without any variation in immunoreactive parathyroid hormone serum level and slowed body calcium turnover as studied with 45Ca, but was without effect on blood pH or partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. In contrast, calcium metabolism in rats was unchanged after treatment with an anesthetic dose of pentothal, another thiobarbiturate anesthetic. The effect of inaktin on body calcium turnover was dose-dependent and significant even at non-anesthetic levels. A marked slowing of the fast phenomena accounting for the initial dilution of the tracer in the animal was observed, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in rapid 45Ca uptake into bone, but not other tissues. These results show that inaktin slows calcium turnover, especially the fast renewal of calcium in bone. These effects were not correlated with anesthesia or immobilization, and we suggest that inaktin-induced changes in calcium metabolism involve an impairment of hypocalcemia-induced parathyroid hormone secretion, in addition to the impairment of parathyroid hormone effects previously reported. Furthermore, the present findings suggest that inaktin might be a useful tool for investigation of the rapid mobilization of bone calcium, which is as yet not well understood.