糖尿病足患者血清基质金属蛋白酶水平变化

目的:分析糖尿病足患者血清基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、MMP-9总水平和活性水平变化及临床意义。方法:在本院住院的糖尿病足病患者80例作为糖尿病足组(DF组),同期住院无足病糖尿病患者80例为非糖尿病足组(NDF组),年龄、性别匹配的健康人80例作为对照组(CON组)。ELISA法测定各组血清MMP-2和MMP-9总水平,明胶酶谱法检测各组血清MMP-2、MMP-9活性水平。多因素回归分析影响MMP的危险因素。结果:CON、NDF和DF各组血清MMP-2、MMP-9总水平依次升高(P均<0.05)。DF组和NDF组MMP-2活性高于CON组(P均<0.05),DF组和NDF组水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);DF组MMP-9活性水平高于CON组和NDF组(P均<0.05)。多元回归分析显示,DF、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、病程和年龄是MMP-9活性升高的危险因素。结论:糖尿病患者血清MMP-2和MMP-9总水平和活性升高,是DF发生和发展的重要因素。     

Slime Production by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains Isolated from Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Slime production is a very important factor related to biofilm formation. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of slime production by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains recovered from 50 patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Slime production was determined using the Congo red agar (CRA) method and compared with immunocytochemistry for the production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). Out of 55 S. aureus strains, 69% produced slime as shown by the CRA method. Of them, 84.2% also produced PIA. Of 17 CRA-negative strains, 70.6% produced PIA. Out of 20 S. epidermidis strains, 75% were CRA positive and 93.3% produced PIA. All CRA-negative S. epidermidis produced PIA. In conclusion, PIA production is a very common trait of S. aureus and S. epidermidis isolates obtained from diabetic foot ulcer patients.     

基于VAS评分改进的护理模式对糖尿病足患者的影响

目的 探讨视觉模拟评分在糖尿病足患者护理中的应用效果。方法 选取2016年1月~2017年3月对84例糖尿病足患者进行常规护理的同时采用VAS量表进行疼痛评分,根据评分结果给予及时有效的护理,观察患者护理干预前后疼痛程度、血糖达标率以及满意度情况。结果 干预后患者疼痛症状1~3分者占64.29%,4~6分者占29.76%,7~9分者占5.95%,无疼痛症状10分者,疼痛程度较干预前减轻,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。干预后血糖达标率和满意度分别为85.71%和94.27%,均高于干预前的8.33%和65.12%,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 采用VAS评分改进的护理模式,可以有效改善糖尿病足患者的疼痛症状,控制血糖水平,提高其生活质量。     

健康教育对糖尿病足的干预效果

目的提高糖尿病患者并发症防护意识和自我护理能力,减少糖尿病足的发生。方法将100例糖尿病患者随机分成实验组和对照组,实验组对患者进行健康教育,对照组不进行健康教育。结果实验组对糖尿病知识掌握、信念和态度改变、产生健康行为、各项指标控制理想率均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论通过对糖尿病患者进行系统的防护知识健康教育,改变了态度与行为,增强了自我保健意识和自我护理能力,提高了糖尿病患者生存质量。     

Factors Affecting Length of Hospital Stay and Mortality in Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers Undergoing Surgical Drainage without Major Amputation

This study aimed to investigate factors affecting length of hospital stay and mortality of a specific group of patients with infected diabetic foot ulcer who underwent surgical drainage without major amputation, which is frequently encountered by orthopedic surgeons. Data on length of hospital stay, mortality, demographics, and other medical information were collected for 79 consecutive patients (60 men, 19 women; mean age, 66.1 [SD, 12.3] yr) with infected diabetic foot ulcer who underwent surgical drainage while retaining the heel between October 2003 and May 2013. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine factors affecting length of hospital stay, while multiple Cox regression analysis was conducted to assess factors contributing to mortality. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, P=0.034), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (P=0.021), body mass index (BMI, P=0.001), and major vascular disease (cerebrovascular accident or coronary artery disease, P=0.004) were significant factors affecting length of hospital stay, whereas age (P=0.005) and serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level (P=0.024) were significant factors contributing to mortality. In conclusion, as prognostic factors, the length of hospital stay was affected by the severity of inflammation, the recent control of blood glucose level, BMI, and major vascular disease, whereas patient mortality was affected by age and renal function in patients with infected diabetic foot ulcer undergoing surgical drainage and antibiotic treatment.     

两种透析方法治疗终末期糖尿病肾病前后患者血管内皮生长因子和基质金属蛋白酶-9水平变化

目的:分析两种透析方法对终末期糖尿病肾病(ESDN)患者血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平的影响及临床意义。方法:80例ESDN患者,按照随机数字表法分为观察组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。观察组采用维持性血液透析,对照组采用不卧床持续腹膜透析,均治疗6个月。观察两组患者治疗前后血压(BP)、血清白蛋白(SA)、血红蛋白(Hb)、VEGF、MMP-9水平变化和不良反应。结果:治疗前,两组患者上述各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);治疗后,观察组上述各项指标较治疗前明显改善(P0.05或P0.01);对照组除SA、Hb外,其它指标均较治疗前好转(P0.05或P0.01)。观察组治疗后各项指标改善明显好于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:ESDN患者透析治疗可优先选择持续性血液透析。     

2型糖尿病患者糖尿病足的相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者糖尿病足的危险因素。方法 对2004年3月至2008年1月深圳市人民医院497例2型糖尿病患者（糖尿病足组56例、非糖尿病足组441例）的临床资料和生化指标进行回顾性分析，包括病人性别、年龄、病程、体重、血压、吸烟史、高血压病史、周围神经病变、视网膜病变、外周血管病变等。然后进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果 糖尿病足组和非糖尿病足组相比．年龄、平均动脉压、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、血胆固醇、血甘油三酯、估测的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）、高血压病史、周围神经病变史、外周血管病、视网膜病变差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 周围神经病变、外周血管病变、糖尿病肾病是糖尿病足发生的独立危险因素。     

Evidence for the Use of Biological Therapies in Ulcers of the Foot in Diabetes

Because the chronic ulcer of the foot in diabetes is often unresponsive to standard care, there has been considerable interest in the potential benefit of so-called “advanced wound therapies”—many of which have a biological basis. This article summarizes the findings of earlier systematic reviews, together with the findings of more recent publications. The available evidence suggests that while some biological therapies offer promise, more work is needed to substantiate their role in clinical practice. This conclusion needs to be placed in the context of very strong observational data demonstrating the major improvements that can accompany changes to the way in which wound care is delivered with, in particular, the introduction of multidisciplinary team work and more rapid referral for expert assessment.     

促血管生成因子对糖尿病足作用机制的研究进展

糖尿病足是继发于糖尿病终末期的下肢溃疡缺血性疾病。促血管生成因子在糖尿病下肢缺血性疾病中的作用机制十分复杂,不同促血管生成因子发挥的作用不尽相同。在缺血损伤区域的修复过程中,促血管生成因子的表达上升,参与组织缺血损伤区血管结构的重建,改善局部血液循环,使组织缺血损伤得到修复。病理情况下,促血管生成因子参与炎症级联反应,与缺血/再灌注损伤关系密切,还可能诱导硬化斑块破裂、增加能量的代谢消耗,产生不利影响。近年来,随着再生医学研究的深入,促血管生成因子开始应用于糖尿病足的治疗中,逐渐成为糖尿病足新的治疗靶点。     

Quality of Life in Portuguese Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer Before and After an Amputation Surgery

Purpose

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) including amputation surgery has serious consequences for patients, the family and healthcare services. DFU affects not only the physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients but also their mental well-being. The aims of this study were to find the predictors of HRQoL after surgery, to analyse differences in HRQoL, before and after surgery, and to explore the moderating role of a first versus previous amputation(s) in the relationship between physical and mental HRQoL, before and after surgery, in patients with DFU.

Method

A longitudinal study comprising 108 Portuguese patients was conducted during the period of hospitalization before the surgery and at a follow-up consultation. Participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and the SF-36 to assess HRQoL.

Results

Physical and mental HRQoL before surgery predicted HRQoL after surgery, as well as the number of diabetes complications and having received a re-amputation. Physical HRQoL decreased after surgery, but there were no differences on mental HRQoL. Having a previous amputation was a moderator between physical and mental HRQoL before and after surgery.

Conclusion

The results help to identify the most vulnerable patients at risk of having lower HRQoL after surgery, allowing interventions to be tailored to patients’ needs in order to promote their quality of life.

     

动态监测降钙素原在糖尿病足合并感染中的临床意义

目的:探讨降钙素原(PCT)在糖尿病足合并感染中监测的临床意义.方法:对50例糖尿病足合并感染患者中34例PCT阳性患者,进行抗生素使用后3d、7d、14d的PCT水平连续监测和数据统计分析.结果:PCT阳性患者首次含量为(12.45±2.91)ng/ml,显著高于PCT阴性病例和健康体检正常人组(P<0.01);在抗生素使用后的3d、7d、14d,PCT值明显下降,阳性率逐次降分别为48.98%、28.57%、10.20%,与入院当天68%比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05、P<0.01、P<0.01).结论:血清PCT水平与患者感染的严重程度、抗生素的及时应用及疾病转归密切相关,动态监测PCT在糖尿病足合并感染病程中的变化,对评估感染病情、指导抗生素使用、判断转归预后具有重要的临床意义.     

心理护理干预对糖尿病视网膜病变患者的影响及分析

目的：探讨分析心理护理干预对糖尿病视网膜病变患者的生活质量和预后影响,提升临床护理水平。方法选取2011年1月~2013年12月于我院眼科就诊的98例糖尿病视网膜病变患者,根据随机化的原则分成观察组和对照组各49例,对照组采取常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上进行全面的心理护理干预,对比分析两组患者的生活质量及预后影响。结果治疗后观察组患者精神状态、社会活动评分及总体评分均显著高于对照组患者,两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对糖尿病视网膜病变患者采取心理护理干预,能显著改善患者的负面情绪,增加治疗依存度,提高患者生存质量,具有很高的应用价值。     

艾司西酞普兰治疗糖尿病患者焦虑抑郁状况

目的 评价艾司西酞普兰治疗糖尿病患者焦虑抑郁的效果和对血糖的影响.方法 对72例符合糖尿病诊断标准且伴焦虑、抑郁者,进行6周的随机对照研究,被试分为研究组和对照组各36例.对照组在常规的糖尿病治疗基础上,给予单纯的心理治疗;研究组在上述基础上,给予艾司西酞普兰5～20mg/d,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行疗效评定,用副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应.糖化血红蛋白(GHb)用于血糖控制的监测.结果 ①研究组治疗前后HAMD及HAMA评分比较有显著性差异(t=4.85,5.69;P＜0.01);②两组间从治疗第2周末起,各时点HAMD及HAMA评分有显著性差异(t=4.67,5.01;P＜0.01)、TESS评分无显著性差异(t=3.68,P＞0.05);③研究组GHb水平改善优于对照组,但无显著性差异.结论 艾司西酞普兰能有效缓解糖尿病患者的抑郁、焦虑症状,有利于血糖的控制,药物相互作用少,耐受性好,安全性高,起效快.     

氟伐他汀对糖尿病心肌病患者血清CTGF及心功能的影响

目的：探讨氟伐他汀治疗对糖尿病心肌病患者血清结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）及心功能的影响。方法：选取2010年1月～2010年12月在黑龙江省医院住院的2型糖尿病（DM2）住院患者,依据糖尿病心肌病诊断标准,筛选出57例（男28,女29）糖尿病心肌病患者,随机分为两组,氟伐他汀治疗组（fluvastatin组）和对照组（control组）。其中fluvastatin组[n=32（男16,女16）,年龄（52±9）岁]和control组[n=25（男12,女13）,年龄（53±8）岁]。fluvastatin组80mg/d氟伐他汀口服6个月,control组不服用fluvastatin。实验进行6个月后,测定两组患者治疗前及治疗后的血糖、血脂等生化指标及血清CTGF值。此外,治疗前后做心脏彩超检查,测定左室后壁厚度（LVPW）,左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）,射血分数（EF）,二尖瓣环舒张早期血流峰值运动速度（E/A）。比较两组治疗前后患者生化指标、血清CTGF以及心功能变化。结果：①fluvastatin治疗6个月后,flu-vastatin组血清CTGF[（425.78±63.56）ng/L vs（216.55±72.11）ng/L,P〈0.05]显著降低;control组6个月后血清CTGF无显著变化[（436.86±53.21）ng/L vs（429.98±63.77）ng/L,P〉0.05]。治疗后两组间血清CTGF有显著的统计学差异（P〈0.05）。②fluvastatin治疗6个月后,fluvastatin组患者EF[43.65%±3.89%）vs（51.21%±4.92%）,P〈0.05]、E/A[（0.74±0.43）vs（1.06±0.59）,P〈0.05]显著升高;control组6个月后,EF[（41.89%±4.03%）vs（43.65%±5.45%）,P〉0.05],E/A[（0.71±0.54）vs（0.72±0.47）,P〉0.05]变化不显著。治疗后两组间EF、E/A有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论：：fluvastatin治疗可显著降低糖尿病心肌病患者血清CTGF,并改善心功能。     

Effect of Anti-Insulin Antibodies on Glycemic Control in Insulin Treated Diabetic Patients

In order to examine the effect of anti-insulin antibodies on serum insulin concentration and glycemic control, sera from 49 insulin-treated diabetic patients (20 males and 29 females) were examined for their titer of anti-insulin antibodies, and concentrations of total insulin (TIRI), free insulin (FIRI) and hemoglobin A1c. Titer of anti-insulin antibodies correlated only with TIRI (r=0.72, p < 0.001) and did not correlate with duration of insulin treatment, FIRI concentration, daily dose of insulin, or HbA1c concentration.

These results indicate that elevated titer of anti-insulin antibodies in patients under insulin therapy, (1) increases total serum insulin concentration but does not affect serum free insulin level, and (2) has little effect, if any, on glycemic control and the required daily dose of insulin.     

综合护理对甲状腺良性肿瘤并糖尿病患者手术效果的影响分析

目的观察综合护理对甲状腺良性肿瘤并糖尿病患者心理状态的影响,分析其对手术效果的影响遥方法回顾性分析本 院2014 年7 月~2016年7 月诊治的60例行手术治疗的甲状腺良性肿瘤并糖尿病患者资料,根据不同护理方案分为两组,对照 组30 例予以常规护理,研究组30 例予以综合护理,比较两组患者治疗前后的心理状态及护理效果遥结果两组患者心理评分 均较护理前降低,且研究组降低幅度比对照组大（约0.05）曰研究组护理效果显著优于对照组（约0.05）遥结论针对行手术治疗 的甲状腺良性肿瘤并糖尿病患者予以综合护理,可有效缓解其负面情绪,并促进手术顺利进行,从而缩短手术时间,提高护理满 意度,具临床推广价值遥