Time-Restricted Eating Improves Quality of Life Measures in Overweight Humans

Time-restricted eating (TRE) reduces weight in humans, but its effects on quality of life have not been well characterized. By performing a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, we examined the effects of TRE (12-week intervention, 8 h eating window) vs. non-TRE (unrestricted eating) on quality of life (QoL) measures. Twenty subjects with overweight and prolonged eating window (mean (SD): 15.4 h (0.9)) were randomized to either 12 weeks of TRE (8 h eating window: (n = 11)) or non-TRE (n = 9). QoL data were collected with the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36) pre- and post-intervention. Given a two-way ANOVA model and post-hoc t-test analysis, the TRE group improved limitations due to emotional health post-intervention: +97.0 (10.0)) vs. baseline: +66.7 (42.2) (p = 0.02) and perceived change in health over the last year end intervention: +68.2 (16.2) vs. baseline: +52.3 (23.6) (p = 0.001) relative to baseline. The TRE group improved limitations due to emotional health TRE: +97.0 (10.0) vs. non-TRE: +55.6 (44.1) (p = 0.05) and perceived change in health (TRE: +68.2 (16.2) vs. non-TRE: +44.4 (31.6) (p = 0.04) relative to the non-TRE group at post-intervention (p < 0.025). In conclusion, 12 weeks of TRE does not adversely affect QoL and may be associated with modest improvements in QoL relative to baseline and unrestricted eating; these findings support future studies examining TRE compliance and durability.     

Time-Restricted Eating Alters Food Intake Patterns,as Prospectively Documented by a Smartphone Application

Time-restricted eating (TRE) can facilitate weight loss, yet its effect on eating patterns remains unknown. Twenty adults with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² underwent a 12-week randomized trial, examining the effect of an 8-h, time-restricted eating intervention on dietary patterns. Oral intake was documented using a smartphone. Dietary patterns, assessed as frequency of eating occasions (EOs) and types of meals/snacks and beverages, were compared between baseline (T0), early-intervention (T1), and end-intervention (T2). At T1 and T2, both groups had less EOs compared to T0, with greater reduction seen in the TRE group (−28%) than the non-TRE group (−12%) at T2 (p = 0.01 vs. non-TRE). Comparing T1 to T0, the TRE group documented less incomplete meals (−32.5%: p = 0.02), high quality snacks (−23.6%: p = 0.03), and low quality snacks (−36.6%: p = 0.004). Comparing T2 to T0, the TRE group documented less incomplete meals (−33.9%: p = 0.03), high quality snacks (−28.1%: p < 0.001) and low quality snacks (−51.2%: p < 0.001). Caffeinated beverage intake was reduced in the TRE group at T1 (−20.2%) and T2 (−28.8%) vs. T0, but remained unaltered in the non-TRE group. By using a smartphone application to document dietary intake, TRE significantly reduced the number of EOs, snacks, and caffeinated beverages, relative to baseline and relative to the non-TRE.     

Maternal Vitamin D Status and Gestational Weight Gain as Correlates of Neonatal Bone Mass in Healthy Term Breastfed Young Infants from Montreal,Canada

The implications of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and vitamin D status to neonatal bone health are unclear. We tested whether maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and GWG relate to neonatal bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). Healthy term appropriate for gestational age breastfed neonates (n = 142) and their mothers were recruited 24–36 h after delivery and followed at 1.0 ± 0.5 month. At birth, obstetric data were collected and newborn serum 25(OH)D was measured. At 1 month, neonatal whole-body (WB) BMC, WB BMC relative to body weight (WB BMC/kg), lumbar spine BMC and BMD, maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations, and anthropometry were measured. Infant BMC and BMD between maternal 25(OH)D (<50, ≥50 nmol/L) and GWG (insufficient, adequate, and excessive) categories were compared. Maternal 25(OH)D was not related to infant whole-body BMC, BMC/kg, lumbar spine BMC, and BMD. Infants in the excessive maternal GWG category had greater (p = 0.0003) whole-body BMC and BMC/kg and lumbar spine BMC and BMD than inadequate GWG, and greater (p = 0.0063) whole-body BMC/kg and lumbar spine BMC and BMD than adequate GWG. These results suggest that maternal GWG, but not vitamin D status, modestly relates to bone mass in neonates.     

Bone mineral contents and plasma osteocalcin concentrations of Gambian children 12 and 24 mo after the withdrawal of a calcium supplement

BACKGROUND: Our randomized, placebo-controlled supplementation study of 160 rural Gambian children aged 8.3-11.9 y showed that an increase in calcium intake of 714 mg/d for 12 mo resulted in a 5% increase in forearm bone mineral acquisition and a 22% decrease in plasma osteocalcin concentration, a bone formation marker, but had no effect on height or bone dimensions. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether these results were sustained after supplement withdrawal. DESIGN: All participants were followed up 12 (FU1) and 24 (FU2) mo after supplementation ended. Bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and BMC adjusted for bone width, body weight, and height (size-adjusted BMC) were measured at the midshaft and distal radius. Plasma osteocalcin concentration was measured at FU1. RESULTS: At follow-up, the calcium group had greater bone mineral status than did the placebo group at the midshaft radius (mean difference +/- SE), FU1: BMC (4.7 +/- 1.6%; P = 0.004), BMD (5.1 +/- 1.1%; P 相似文献   

Isoflavone-rich soy protein isolate attenuates bone loss in the lumbar spine of perimenopausal women

BACKGROUND: No published studies have directly examined the effect of soy protein with isoflavones on bone or bone turnover in perimenopausal women. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the effects of 24 wk of consumption of soy protein isolate with isoflavones (80.4 mg/d) in attenuating bone loss during the menopausal transition. DESIGN: Perimenopausal subjects were randomly assigned, double blind, to treatment: isoflavone-rich soy (SPI+; n = 24), isoflavone-poor soy (SPI-; n = 24), or whey (control; n = 21) protein. At baseline and posttreatment, lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. At baseline, midtreatment, and posttreatment, urinary N:-telopeptides and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were measured. RESULTS: The percentage change in lumbar spine BMD and BMC, respectively, did not differ from zero in the SPI+ or SPI- groups, but loss occurred in the control group (-1.28%, P: = 0.0041; -1.73%, P: = 0.0037). By regression analysis, SPI+ treatment had a positive effect on change in BMD (5.6%; P: = 0.023) and BMC (10.1%; P: = 0.0032). Baseline BMD and BMC (P: < or = 0.0001) negatively affected the percentage change in their respective models; baseline body weight (P: = 0.0036) and bone-free lean weight (P: = 0.016) contributed positively to percentage change in BMD and BMC, respectively. Serum BAP posttreatment was negatively related to percentage change in BMD (P: = 0.0016) and BMC (P: = 0.019). Contrast coding using analyses of covariance with BMD or BMC as the outcome showed that isoflavones, not soy protein, exerted the effect. CONCLUSION: Soy isoflavones attenuated bone loss from the lumbar spine in perimenopausal women.     

Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Hepatic Glycogen Storage Diseases

The association between bone mineral density (BMD) and hepatic glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) is still unclear. To evaluate the BMD of patients with GSD I, IIIa and IXα, a cross-sectional study was performed, including 23 patients (GSD Ia = 13, Ib = 5, IIIa = 2 and IXα = 3; median age = 11.9 years; IQ = 10.9–20.1) who underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Osteocalcin (OC, n = 18), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP, n = 19), collagen type 1 C-terminal telopeptide (CTX, n = 18) and 25-OH Vitamin D (n = 23) were also measured. The participants completed a 3-day food diary (n = 20). Low BMD was defined as a Z-score ≤ −2.0. All participants were receiving uncooked cornstarch (median dosage = 6.3 g/kg/day) at inclusion, and 11 (47.8%) presented good metabolic control. Three (13%) patients (GSD Ia = 1, with poor metabolic control; IIIa = 2, both with high CPK levels) had a BMD ≤ −2.0. CTX, OC and P1NP correlated negatively with body weight and age. 25-OH Vitamin D concentration was decreased in seven (30.4%) patients. Our data suggest that patients with hepatic GSDs may have low BMD, especially in the presence of muscular involvement and poor metabolic control. Systematic nutritional monitoring of these patients is essential.     

Low bone mineral density and bone mineral content are associated with low cobalamin status in adolescents

Summary Background Cobalamin deficiency is prevalent in vegetarians and has been associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. Aim of the study To examine the association between cobalamin status and bone mineral density in adolescents formerly fed a macrobiotic diet and in their counterparts. Methods In this cross–sectional study bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were determined by DEXA in 73 adolescents (9–15 y) who were fed a macrobiotic diet up to the age of 6 years followed by a lacto–(–ovo–) vegetarian or omnivorous diet. Data from 94 adolescents having consumed an omnivorous diet throughout their lives were used as controls. Serum concentrations of cobalamin, methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine were measured and calcium intake was assessed by questionnaire. Analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed to calculate adjusted means for vitamin B₁₂ and MMA for low and normal BMC and BMD groups. Results Serum cobalamin concentrations were significantly lower (geometric mean (GM) 246 pmol/L vs. 469 pmol/L) and MMA concentrations were significantly higher (GM 0.27 µmol/L vs. 0.16 µmol/L) in the formerly macrobiotic–fed adolescents compared to their counterparts. In the total study population, after adjusting for height, weight, bone area, percent lean body mass, age, puberty and calcium intake, serum MMA was significantly higher in subjects with a low BMD (p = 0.0003) than in subjects with a normal BMD. Vitamin B₁₂ was significantly lower in the group with low BMD (p = 0.0035) or BMC (p = 0.0038) than in the group with normal BMD or BMC. When analyses were restricted to the group of formerly macrobiotic–fed adolescents, MMA concentration remained higher in the low BMD group compared to the normal BMD group. Conclusion In adolescents, signs of an impaired cobalamin status, as judged by elevated concentrations of methylmalonic acid, were associated with low BMD. This was especially true in adolescents fed a macrobiotic diet during the first years of life, where cobalamin deficiency was more prominent.     

绝经妇女基因多态性与骨代谢相关性分析

目的探讨雌激素受体（ER）和维生素D受体（VDR）基因多态性对骨代谢及钙相关激素的影响.方法应用多聚酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性（PCR-RPLP）检测汉族45～65岁绝经妇女的ER和VDR基因多态性,根据ER的Px单倍体型随机抽取90人测定血、尿中与骨相关的生化指标,采用双能X线吸收仪（DXEA）测量腰椎及髋部骨密度（BMD）.结果 Px单倍体组甲状旁腺激素水平（PTH）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（STR-ACP）和血清钙磷水平均高于non-Px单倍体组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.同时考察ER和VDR基因多态性时,Px＋BB/Bb的STR-ACP的活性最高,而血清磷水平以non-Px＋bb的最低（P＜0.05）;Px单倍体组雌二醇（E2）水平与大转子（Troch,r=0.29,P=0.04）和Ward三角的BMD显著相关（r=0.31,P=0.03）,PTH水平与Troch的BMD相关（r=0.3,P=0.04）,而在non-Px单倍体组则无相关性.结论绝经妇女的ER基因多态性会影响骨代谢及钙相关激素与BMD的关系.     

Calcium supplementation and bone mineral accretion in adolescent girls: an 18-mo randomized controlled trial with 2-y follow-up

BACKGROUND: A recent meta-analysis raised doubt as to whether calcium supplementation in children benefits spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD). OBJECTIVE: We used state-of-the-art measures of bone (fan-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and 4 bone turnover markers) to determine whether girls with low habitual calcium intake benefited from supplementation with a soluble form of calcium (calcium citrate malate dissolved in a fruit drink). DESIGN: The trial was an 18-mo randomized trial of calcium supplementation (792 mg/d) with follow-up 2 y after supplement withdrawal. Subjects were 96 girls (mean age: 12 y) with low calcium intakes (mean: 636 mg/d). The main outcome measure was change in total-body, lumbar spine, and total hip bone mineral content (BMC) during supplementation and 2 y after supplement withdrawal. Changes in BMD and bone turnover markers were secondary outcome measures. RESULTS: The mean additional calcium intake in the supplemented group was 555 mg/d. Compared with the control group, the supplemented group showed significantly (P < 0.05) greater gains in BMC (except at the total hip site) over the 18-mo study. BMD change was significantly (P < 0.05) greater for all skeletal sites, and concentrations of bone resorption markers and parathyroid hormone were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the supplemented group than in the control group after 18 mo. After 42 mo, gains in BMC and BMD and differences in bone resorption were no longer evident. CONCLUSIONS: Calcium supplementation enhances bone mineral accrual in teenage girls, but the effect is short-lived. The likely mechanism for the effect of the calcium is suppression of bone turnover, which is reversed upon supplement withdrawal.     

Effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral accretion in gambian children accustomed to a low-calcium diet

BACKGROUND: Rural Gambian children have poor growth, delayed puberty, a low bone mineral content, and a low calcium intake. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of a calcium supplement on bone mineral accretion in rural Gambian children. DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 160 children (80 boys, 80 girls) aged 8.3-11.9 y. Bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and BMC adjusted for bone width, body weight, and height (size-adjusted BMC) were measured at the midshaft and distal radius. Each child received either 1000 mg Ca/d (as calcium carbonate) or a placebo 5 d/wk for 12 mo. Supplementation increased calcium intake from 342 to 1056 mg/d (8.6 to 26.4 mmol/d). RESULTS: Calcium supplementation resulted in a higher BMC, BMD, and size-adjusted BMC (&xmacr; difference +/- SE): midshaft radius-BMC (3.0 +/- 1.4%; P = 0.034), BMD (4.5 +/- 0.9%; P 相似文献   

绝经后妇女体力活动水平与骨密度的关系

目的检验绝经后妇女体力活动(PA)总量及不同强度PA与骨密度(BMD)和骨盐含量(BMC)的关联。方法从广州市社区招募315名50～70岁停经妇女。通过面对面访问调查其日常PA情况及一般情况和膳食情况等相关协变量。采用双能X-光骨密度仪检测全身、腰椎(L1-L4)及左侧股骨(总股骨、股骨颈、大粗隆、股骨干和Wards区)的BMD和BMC。结果以PA能量代谢当量(MET值)进行三等分位法分组,协方差分析结果显示总体上各部位BMD和BMC随PA总量增加而呈增高的趋势。PA总量低、中、高水平组全身BMD的均值(SE)分别为(1.045±0.008),(1.043±0.008),(1.068±0.008)g/cm2,高PA组显著高于低和中PA组(P=0.049和0.028)。其他部位BMD在三组间无统计学差异意义(P>0.05)。高PA组总股骨、股骨颈、股骨干和Wards区的BMC显著高于低PA组(P=0.004～0.042)。不同强度PA对BMD影响不同,低强度PA越少、中等强度PA越多以及适量的高强度PA均增加BMD。结论较高的PA水平,尤其是增加中等强度和适量的高强度PA更有利于绝经后妇女的骨质健康。     

Low bone mass in premenopausal chronic dieting obese women

BACKGROUND: Obese premenopausal women are thought to be at low risk for osteoporosis due to increased body weight and effects of estrogen on weight-bearing bone. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of restrained eating on obese women, we examined bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) of the spine and femur in obese women who were restrained eaters, with emphasis on the relationship between BMC and determinants of bone mass, and current eating behaviors, dietary intake, physical activity, and indices of calcium regulation, bone metabolism, stress and inflammation. DESIGN: A total of 78 obese, Caucasian, female, restrained eaters, ages 30-45 y, were enrolled in a weight lose program. Height, weight, bone turnover markers, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), cortisol, c-reactive protein (CRP), dietary intake, eating behaviors, physical activity, and BMD and BMC were measured. SETTING: This study was conducted at the University of California, in Davis, CA, USA. RESULTS: In all, 31% of women had osteopenia or osteoporosis (OSTEO). In the OSTEO group, 87.5% of women had osteoporosis or osteopenia of the lumbar spine and 12.5% of the women had osteoporosis or osteopenia in femur. A significant positive correlation between BMC and energy expenditure (r=0.256), and a significant negative correlation between BMC and number of times on a weight loss diet (r=-0.250) and cognitive restraint (r=-0.239) were observed. No significant differences were observed between OSTEO women and nonosteoporotic women for current eating behaviors, dietary intake, physical activity habits, bone turnover, calcium regulation, stress, or inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Obese restrained eaters are at risk for low bone mass. Prior dieting may be responsible. Chronic dieters should be encouraged to decrease their dietary restraint, develop healthy eating habits and increase physical activity.     

Soy Isoflavones: No Effects on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy,Menstruating Young Adult Women after One Year

Background: The effects of isoflavone-enriched soy protein on human bone mineral content (mass) and density in healthy, menstruating young adult females have not been examined in a comparative prospective investigation. Peri- and post-menopausal women have been reported to show beneficial effects of isoflavones on bone measurements. Therefore, young women may also be able to improve their accrual of peak bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) during the early adult years of bone consolidation with an isoflavone-enriched diet.

Objectives: In this controlled, double-blind intervention, we tested the hypothesis that an isoflavone-rich soy protein diet increases BMC and BMD in young adult females over a period of one year in comparison to a control group receiving soy protein that has isoflavones removed.

Design: Young healthy women of any ethnic background, 21 to 25 years of age, were divided into two groups, placebo (n = 13) and supplement (n = 15). The soy protein supplement was enriched with isoflavones (～90 mg of total isoflavones/day), whereas the control protein diet was isoflavone-deficient, even though it contained the same amount of soy protein and other ingredients as the isoflavone-rich diet. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DXA) measurements of BMC and BMD were made at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. DXA estimates of body composition, including fat mass and lean body mass, were generated from whole-body BMC measurements. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) over height (m) squared. Physical activity was assessed, and three-day dietary records were taken at entry (baseline) and at 6 and 12 months.

Results: No changes in BMD after 12 months were found in either the isoflavone-treated (treatment) group or the isoflavone-deficient (control) group. Other variables also remained essentially constant over the 12-month period, including normal menstrual patterns in both the treatment and control groups.

Conclusions: The isoflavone-rich soy preparation had no effects on BMC and BMD over a 12-month period in young healthy adult females with normal menses. An isoflavone-rich supplement appears to have little or no effect on bone in young adult women with normal ovarian function, at least over this 12-month study period.     

Pregnancy and lactation have no long-term deleterious effect on measures of bone mineral in healthy women: a twin study

BACKGROUND: The long-term effects of pregnancy and lactation on measures of bone mineral in women remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: We studied whether pregnancy or lactation has deleterious long-term effects on bone mineral in healthy women. DESIGN: We measured bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm(2)) in women aged > or = 18 y. Analyses were performed on 3 data sets: study 1, 83 female twin pairs (21 monozygous and 62 dizygous) aged (x +/- SD) 42.2 +/- 15.5 y who were discordant for ever having been pregnant beyond 20 wk; study 2, 498 twin pairs aged 42.3 +/- 15.0 y; and study 3, 1354 individual twins, their siblings, and family members. RESULTS: In study 1, there were no significant within-pair differences in unadjusted BMD or BMD adjusted for age, height, and fat mass at the lumbar spine or total-hip or in total-body bone mineral content (BMC; kg) (paired t tests). In study 2, there was no significant within-pair difference in measures of bone mineral or body composition related to the within-pair difference in number of pregnancies. In study 3, subjects with 1 or 2 (n = 455) and > or = 3 pregnancies (n = 473) had higher adjusted lumbar spine BMD (2.9% and 3.8%, respectively; P = 0.001) and total-body BMC (2.2% and 3.1%; P < 0.001) than did nulliparous women (n = 426). Parous women who breast-fed had higher adjusted total-body BMC (2.6%; P = 0.005), total-hip BMD (3.2%; P = 0.04), and lower fat mass (10.9%; P = 0.01) than did parous non-breast-feeders. CONCLUSION: We found no long-term detrimental effect of pregnancy or breast-feeding on bone mineral measures.     

2β-(3-羟丙氧)-骨化三醇(ED-71)对卵巢切除小鼠骨生物力学与骨代谢的影响

目的 :　探讨合成的 2β-(3 -羟丙氧 ) -骨化三醇 (ED-71 )对卵巢切除 (OVX)小鼠骨密度、骨强度和骨代谢指标的影响。并与 1 7β雌二醇 (E2 )进行比较。方法 :　将 40只平均体重 3 5 g昆明雌性小鼠分为 4组 ,OVX组 ,假手术组 ,ED-71组 ,1 7β雌二醇 (E2 )组。后两组为 OVX小鼠 ,经 6w分别给予 ED-71 [0 .4μg/ (kg·w) ]及 E2 [3 0 μg/ (kg·d) ]后处死各组小鼠 ,测定其骨密度 (BMD)和骨矿含量 (BMC)、骨生物力学、骨形态计量学及生化指标。结果 :　 ED-71组和 E2 组分别与 OVX组比较 ,股骨 BMD和 BMC分别增加了 3 .8% ,5 .9%及 3 .2 % ,5 .7% ;股骨最大载荷分别增加 1 8.7%和 1 6% ;骨小梁体积分别增加 1 0 .6%和 1 6.1 % ,血清碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)分别减少 5 8%和 3 7%。结论 :　 ED-71可明显增加骨密度和骨矿含量及骨强度 ,降低骨转换 ,而且不引起子宫增生     

Effect of habitual dietary calcium intake on calcium supplementation in 12-14-y-old girls

BACKGROUND: There is no agreement on how much calcium young girls need for optimal bone mineralization. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated whether the effect of calcium supplementation on whole-body bone mineral accretion depends on habitual calcium intake. DESIGN: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 1-y calcium intervention study of girls aged 12-14 y selected from a larger group according to habitual calcium intake: subgroup A (n = 60) habitually consumed 1000-1307 mg/d (40th-60th percentile), and subgroup B (n = 53) habitually consumed <713 mg/d (<20th percentile). The girls from each subgroup were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg Ca/d or placebo. Whole-body bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), bone mineral density (BMD), and BMC adjusted for BA, height, and weight (size-adjusted BMC) were measured at baseline and after 1 y. RESULTS: There was no significant effect modification of baseline habitual calcium intake on the relation between calcium supplementation and height, weight, BMC, size-adjusted BMC, BA, BMD, or alkaline phosphatase. Calcium supplementation had an effect on BMD (0.8%; P = 0.049) and tended to show signs of an effect on size-adjusted BMC (0.5%; P = 0.08). CONCLUSION: A modest effect of calcium supplementation on BMD was shown. However, the effect was independent of habitual calcium intake.     

Blood pressure and calcium intake are related to bone density in adult males

Based on the premise that elevated blood pressure and low bone mass have both been associated with poor Ca nutriture and disturbances in Ca metabolism, a cross-sectional study was employed to determine if blood pressure and dietary Ca intake were significantly related to bone mass. Forty-seven men between 24-77 years of age with blood pressure values ranging from normal to mildly elevated comprised the study group. Blood pressure was measured with a random-zero sphygmomanometer. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) of the hip, spine and total body were measured with dual-photon absorptiometry. Dietary intake and physical activity were also assessed. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for statistical analysis. After adjusting for known confounding variables (age, BMI, Ca intake, and others) diastolic blood pressure was negatively related to BMC (P < or = 0.05) and BMD (P < or = 0.01) of the total body, trochanteric region (P < 0.01) and Ward's triangle (P < 0.05), and to BMC of the femoral neck (P < 0.05) and lumbar spine, although the latter was just shy of statistical significance (P = 0.058). Systolic blood pressure was negatively related to trochanteric BMD (P = 0.04) and BMC (P = 0.06). Ca intake was positively related to total body BMD (P = 0.005), and BMC of the lumbar spine (P = 0.05). In this population of men, Ca intake was a positive predictor, and blood pressure was a negative predictor of regional measures of bone mass. These findings support the concept that independent of age, BMI and Ca intake, elevated blood pressure varies indirectly with bone mass and density, known predictors of osteoporotic fractures. Future studies are needed to determine whether elevated blood pressure is causally related to the development of low bone mass, and what role dietary Ca plays in that pathway.     

Low levels of dietary arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids improve bone mass in neonatal piglets, but higher levels provide no benefit

In piglets, feeding arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a 5:1 ratio leads to elevated bone mass, but the optimal total quantity requires clarification. We studied bone mass and modeling of piglets that were randomized to receive 1 of 4 formulas for 15 d: control formula or the same formula with various levels of AA:DHA (0.5:0.1 g, 1.0:0.2 g or 2.0:0.4 g AA:DHA/100 g of fat). Measurements included: bone area (BA), mineral content (BMC), and density (BMD) of whole body, lumbar spine, and excised femurs; biomarkers of bone modeling were plasma osteocalcin and urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides of type 1 collagen (NTx), tibial ex vivo release of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and tissue fatty acids. Main effects were identified using ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni t tests. In supplemented piglets, relations among liver fatty acid proportions and bone mass were assessed using Pearson correlations. Whole body (P = 0.028) and lumbar spine (P = 0.043) BMD were higher in the group supplemented with 0.5:0.1 g AA:DHA/100 g of fat than in controls. Tissue AA and DHA increased in proportion to diet levels. Liver eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) correlated positively (r > or = 0.38, P < or = 0.05) with whole body and femur BMC and BMD and lumbar spine BMC. Liver AA:EPA ratio correlated negatively (r > or = -0.039, P < or = 0.05) with whole body, femur, and lumbar spine BMC plus whole body and femur BMD. Dietary 1.0:0.2 g AA:DHA/100 g reduced NTx relative to 2.0:0.4 g AA:DHA/100 g of fat (P = 0.039). The diets did not affect the other biochemical variables measured. Low levels of dietary AA:DHA (0.5:0.1 g/100 g of fat) elevate bone mass, but higher amounts are not beneficial.     

Increased Intake of Selected Vegetables,Herbs and Fruit may Reduce Bone Turnover in Post-Menopausal Women

Increased consumption of vegetables/herbs/fruit may reduce bone turnover and urinary calcium loss in post-menopausal women because of increased intake of polyphenols and potassium, but comparative human studies are lacking. The main aim was to compare bone turnover markers and urinary calcium excretion in two randomised groups (n = 50) of healthy post-menopausal women consuming ≥9 servings of different vegetables/herbs/fruit combinations (three months). Group A emphasised a generic range of vegetables/herbs/fruit, whereas Group B emphasised specific vegetables/herbs/fruit with bone resorption-inhibiting properties (Scarborough Fair Diet), with both diets controlled for potential renal acid load (PRAL). Group C consumed their usual diet. Plasma bone markers, urinary electrolytes (24 h) and estimated dietary PRAL were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Procollagen type I N propeptide (PINP) decreased (−3.2 μg/L, p < 0.01) in the B group only, as did C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) (−0.065 μg/L, p < 0.01) in women with osteopenia compared to those with normal bone mineral density (BMD) within this group. Intervention Groups A and B had decreased PRAL, increased urine pH and significantly decreased urinary calcium loss. Urinary potassium increased in all groups, reflecting a dietary change. In conclusion, Group B demonstrated positive changes in both turnover markers and calcium conservation.     

蛋壳粉补钙效果观察的动物实验研究

目的：探讨蛋壳粉对大鼠生长发育和吸收利用的影响，比较蛋壳粉、骨粉、碳酸钙补钙效果之差别。方法：给初断乳Wistar大鼠喂饲3周缺钙饲料后，按体重随机分为基础饲料十蛋壳粉，基础饲料十骨粉，基础饲料＋碳酸钙和基础饲料4个组，喂养12周，第5周进行3天代谢试验，实验结束时摘眼球采血，断头处死动物，测定各项指标。结果：补钙组骨钙、骨密度、骨矿物质含量，股骨重复均高于缺钙组（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。补钙组间，蛋壳组骨钙含量明显高于碳酸钙组（P＜0．05），但骨矿物质含量、骨密度、股骨重量未见差别。缺钙组钙吸收率、存留率均明显高各补钙组（P＜0．01）；在补钙组中，蛋壳钙的吸收率、存留率最高，但差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。市售骨粉铅含量超过国家标准。结论：蛋壳粉的补钙效果优于碳酸钙，其制备简单、价格低廉，安全性好，是一种值得深入研究和开发的生物钙源。