博山区企事业、学校已婚妇女慢性宫颈炎患病情况分析

慢性宫颈炎是妇女常见病、多发病、为了解其发病情况.提供做好妇女保健工作的科学依据.于1995年开展了慢性宫颈炎普查.结果报告如下:1 材料与方法1995年我院对城区38个企事业单位、学校的已婚妇女进行普查.剔除其中登记项目不全者及怀孕者.逐人进行常规妇科检查及宫颈涂片检查.凡有子宫颈糜烂、肥大、息肉、腺体囊肿4项中之一者.诊断为慢性宫颈炎.     

2011年无锡市妇科常见疾病普查结果分析

目的:为防治妇科常见疾病和进行妇科肿瘤的筛查。方法:在全市范围内进行妇女病普查,内容包括常规妇科体检、乳腺检查(包括触诊、乳房红外线、乳房钼靶或乳房B超)、阴道分泌物检查、妇科B超、子宫颈脱落细胞检测(包括宫颈巴氏刮片、液基细胞学检查)。结果:2011年应查人数为851 902人,实查人数为812 303人,检查率为95.35%,患病人数为194 905人,患病率为23.99%。无锡市妇女常见疾病顺位为慢性宫颈炎、阴道炎、乳腺良性肿块、子宫肌瘤、急性宫颈炎、卵巢肿瘤,妇科恶性肿瘤发病率顺位为乳腺癌81例(1.00/万)、宫颈癌73例(0.99/万)、卵巢癌3例(0.04/万)。结论:发病率最高的常见妇科疾病为宫颈炎,妇科肿瘤在无锡市发病率最高的是乳腺癌,通过妇科病普查可以进行妇科常见疾病的防治和肿瘤的筛查,应成为国家妇女保健的长效管理体制。     

长春汽车产业园区妇女妇科病调查结果分析

目的 了解汽车产业园区妇女常见病的发病情况,为防治工作提供依据.方法 对2 783例妇女进行妇科常规查体、妇科超声检查、宫颈脱落细胞学检查和乳腺红外线检查.结果 育龄期妇女以乳腺增生、宫颈炎、子宫肌瘤、盆腔炎为主要疾病.其检出率依次为31.98%、21.13%、5.10%和3.2%.结论 定期开展妇女病普查工作,可以早发现、早诊断、早治疗妇科疾病,有利于提高女性健康水平和生活质量.     

3218名已婚妇女妇科病普查结果分析

目的：掌握余姚市阳明街道农村已婚妇女的常见妇女病发病情况,制定有效的防治措施,为今后妇女常见病防治工作提供依据,提高妇女保健水平。方法：对3218例已婚妇女进行妇科内诊检查,阴道分泌物检查,宫颈脱落细胞涂片及妇科B超检查,对发现的疾病及时治疗并追踪随访。结果：患病率67．71％,其中生殖道感染率57．4％,前2位是宫颈炎、阴道炎。宫颈疾病中以宫颈糜烂、宫颈息肉为多,特别是绝经后妇女宫颈息肉的发病率有所上升。结论：影响农村女性生殖健康主要是生殖道感染,宫颈疾病发生率40．88％,其中宫颈糜烂占82．02％。定期进行妇女病普查普治,范围从育龄妇女扩大到包含老年妇女很有必要,同时提供方便有效的生殖健康服务是保障农村妇女生殖健康的有效措施。     

131例宫颈息肉的临床分析

目的:了解宫颈息肉的流行病学特点,评价诊断及治疗的意义.方法:2008年3～5月对城区3 368名妇女常规妇科普查,发现宫颈息肉后进一步检查及治疗,并对结果进行分析.结果:发现宫颈息肉131例,检出率为3.89%,临床主要症状为阴道出血、白带增多,98例伴有慢性宫颈炎,占74.80%,息肉全部手术治疗.结论:提示临床上要重视宫颈息肉的根除和慢性宫颈炎的治疗.     

平衡膳食谨遵三大法则

目的:了解宫颈息肉的流行病学特点,评价诊断及治疗的意义.方法:2008年3～5月对城区3 368名妇女常规妇科普查,发现宫颈息肉后进一步检查及治疗,并对结果进行分析.结果:发现宫颈息肉131例,检出率为3.89%,临床主要症状为阴道出血、白带增多,98例伴有慢性宫颈炎,占74.80%,息肉全部手术治疗.结论:提示临床上要重视宫颈息肉的根除和慢性宫颈炎的治疗.     

长春地区632例已婚妇女生殖健康普查结果分析

目的:以社区(乡、村)为单位进行普查,掌握长春地区妇女生殖健康基本情况,建立社区(乡、村)妇女健康信息数据库。方法:采用统一制定的个人调查表和社区(乡、村)妇女生殖健康体检表,逐一建立普查对象档案,对632名已婚妇女进行生殖健康普查,进行常规妇科检查、利普液基细胞学检查(LPT)、妇科B超和乳房视诊、触诊、乳腺B超检查,必要时进行阴道镜检查和乳腺活组织检查。结果:在本次普查中未见宫颈癌和乳腺癌。宫颈液基细胞检查异常检出率为4.14%(22/531),其中不能明确意义的非典型鳞状细胞(ASC-US)占2.82%(15/531),低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)占1.13%(6/531),高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)占0.19%(1/531)。慢性宫颈炎症检出率为65.66%(415/632),其中宫颈糜烂占30.70%(194/632),宫颈息肉占3.48%(22/632),宫颈腺囊肿占13.77%(87/632),宫颈肥大占17.72%(112/632)。乳腺疾病的检出率为25.24%(129/511),其中乳腺增生占23.29%(119/511),乳腺纤维瘤占1.96%(10/511)。结论:利用现有资源宣传和普及妇女保健常识,定期实施普查,提高普查受检率和普查质量,建立妇女健康信息化管理,建立长效机制,做好妇科疾病的早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗,以降低宫颈癌和乳腺癌的发病,提高妇女整体生存质量。     

普查女性生殖道感染和筛查宫颈癌前病变

目的：普查女性生殖道感染和筛查子宫颈癌前病变。方法：实验室检查白带常规、妇科检查和妇科B超，肉眼筛查和巴氏染色法。结果：农村女性生殖道感染率为74．2％，治疗有效率68．2％。其中普查出农村妇女阴道炎疾病感染率是48．7％，治愈率是77．3％；患有宫颈炎的患者占46．2％，治愈率72．8％；患有盆腔炎的患者占30.8％，治愈率64．9％。通过宫颈刮片巴氏染色初筛查出子宫颈癌前病变，Ⅲ级及以上的妇女757例，通过阴道镜检查76例有宫颈病变，并取子宫颈活检送病理，行利普刀宫颈锥切术，5例行全子宫切除术，其余宫颈炎患者治疗率为72．8％。结论：普查女性生殖道感染和筛查宫颈癌前病变是非常有效的改善妇女身体健康的方式，在维护妇女平等地位的同时，也增进家庭幸福和社会的和谐。     

1682例育龄妇女妇科病普查情况分析

目的:了解农村育龄妇女妇科病常见病及多发病的发病情况。方法:由卫生院制定妇科病普查的统一表格,妇科保健医师按表格内容认真检查、填写。常规进行妇科内诊检查、宫颈脱落细胞涂片检查、乳房触诊检查及常规B超辅助检查。结果:应查妇女数2375例,实查1682例,普查率70.82%,查出妇科患病数为1269例,患病率为75.45%。妇女常见病前4位是生殖道感染(35.43%)、宫颈炎(28.89%)、盆腔炎(14.98%)、子宫肌瘤(2.02%)。结论:生殖道感染是目前影响妇女健康的主要疾病,应加强科普知识宣传,转变观念,以便提高广大农村妇女的自我保健意识。     

13044例农村已婚妇女妇女病普查分析

目的 对山区农村已婚妇女进行常见妇科病及宫颈癌普查,为今后进一步开展妇女保健工作提供科学依据.方法 按照甘肃省妇幼保健院"爱德"项目妇女病普查普治工作年报表及妇女病普查登记卡,对普查对象逐个进行病史询问及填写相关表格,并进行常规妇科检查及宫颈细胞学检查.结果 13044例已婚妇女,患病人数为11466例,患病率87.9%;常见妇科病发病率最高的是慢性宫颈炎,其次为附件炎、阴道炎等;慢性性宫颈炎20～40岁居多,发病率66.58%.宫颈细胞学异常461人,发病率4.02%,其中宫颈癌前病变64人,宫颈癌5人,均为病理诊断.结论 农村已婚妇女常见妇科病患病率高,应定期对农村妇女进行妇女病普查普治;加强农村妇女卫生保健知识宣传教育;提高妇女自我保健意识,做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗,从而降低妇科疾病的患病率及宫颈癌的发病率及死亡率.     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。     

244株真菌鉴定结果分析

目的 了解某院2000～2001年各类真菌的检出率。方法 用酵母样真菌同化试验编码鉴定板TH-15进行编码鉴定。结果 真菌分离率为8．85％；244株真菌分为10种，其中以白色念珠菌和热带念珠菌较高，分别占真菌总数的75．41％和11．47％；检出真菌的主要标本是痰和阴道分泌物。结论 及时进行真菌培养，有利于合理使用抗菌药物和控制真菌感染。