对子宫腺肌病患者血清CA125及EMAb的临床评价

目的：探讨血清CA125及子宫内膜抗体（EMAb)测定，对子宫腺肌病的诊断及疗效评估的临床价值。方法：经术后病理学检查确诊子宫腺肌病患者63例和子宫肌瘤患者45例，均于术前及术后测定两组血清CA125水平和EMAb。结果：子宫腺肌病组术前血清CA125平均水平及EMAb阳性率均高于子宫肌瘤组，两者相比差异有显著性（P＜0．001及P＜0．01）。联合测定血清CA125水平和EMAb，以两者均阳性为诊断标准，诊断子宫腺肌病的敏感性为54．63％，特异性为100％。子宫腺肌病组术后血清CA125水平和EMAb阳性率均较术前下降，差异有显著性（P＜0．01及P＜0．05）。结论：测定血清CA125及EMAb对子宫腺肌病有较好的辅助诊断价值，联合检测更能提高诊断的正确性，并可作为评价子宫腺肌病疗效的敏感指标。     

子宫腺肌病与子宫肌瘤的临床比较

目的 探讨子宫腺肌病与子宫肌瘤的临床特点及B超、实验室检测的价值，提高对子宫腺肌病术前的诊断率。方法 选择5年来我院妇产科子宫切除术后经病理证实的子宫腺肌病患者120例为子宫腺肌病组，随机选择同期子宫切除术后经病理证实的子宫肌瘤患者120例为子宫肌瘤组，对两组患者年龄分布、既往史、临床症状、术前诊断、B超检查、血清CA125水平进行比较。结果 两种疾病均好发于生育年龄妇女，常有月经过多或经期延长，经分析差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。子宫腺肌病术前诊断率56．1％，出现痛经、性交痛较多，但继发性贫血少；具有特征性的超声表现；血清CA125水平明显升高。结论 子宫腺肌病诊断的金标准是病理诊断，但其既往史、特有症状、B超改变、血清CA125水平增高仍是诊断该病的重要参考指标，并可与子宫肌瘤进行手术前鉴别。     

盆腔良性肿物伴血清CA125水平升高的临床意义

目的探讨血清CA125水平在妇科良性肿瘤、结核性肿物及其他炎症性肿物、子宫内膜异位症等盆腔良性肿物中的升高情况及临床意义.方法回顾性分析中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学肿瘤医院于1999年1月-2003年12月间收治并经病理检查证实的492例妇科盆腔良性肿物患者的临床资料,其中卵巢良性肿瘤237例,其他盆腔良性肿物如子宫肌瘤、子宫腺肌病、卵巢子宫内膜异位症、盆腔结核及其他炎症性肿物等共255例,所有患者术前均有血清CA125的检测.另随机选取60例卵巢上皮性癌患者作为对照.结果盆腔结核、子宫腺肌病、卵巢子宫内膜异位症及卵泡膜-纤维组肿瘤患者的血清CA125水平中位数值均高于正常值(35 kU/L以下),分别是465.0、88.9、59.0、44.5 kU/L.本组盆腔良性肿物中, 血清CA125水平单例最高值为卵泡膜-纤维组肿瘤(1281.0 kU/L),中位数值最高者为盆腔结核(465.0 kU/L).60例卵巢上皮性癌患者血清CA125水平升高者达95.0%,其中位数值是755.5 kU/L,与良性肿物相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01 ).在子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌病的鉴别诊断中,以血清CA125≥50 kU/L为标准,诊断子宫腺肌病的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值相对较高,分别是72%、94%、79%和91%.结论血清CA125水平升高也可见于一些盆腔良性肿物,主要有盆腔结核、子宫腺肌病、卵巢子宫内膜异位症及卵泡膜-纤维组肿瘤等,但其中位数值均明显低于卵巢上皮性癌.血清CA125水平检测有利于子宫肌瘤和子宫腺肌病的鉴别诊断.     

超声检查及血清CA125测定诊断子宫腺肌病的评价

目的探讨超声检查及血清癌抗原125(CA125)测定对子宫腺肌病的诊断价值.方法通过对120例疑为子宫腺肌病或子宫肌瘤患者,行术前腹部B超和血清CA125测定;术后切下组织送病理学检查确诊并与之对照.结果经术后病理学证实子宫腺肌病组术前血清CA125检测敏感度73.8%, 特异度73.5%; B超诊断该病的敏感度55.4%, 特异度64.8%; 以两种方法联合检测均阳性为诊断标准, 则敏感度52.5%, 特异度94.1%.结论测定血清CA125水平,对子宫腺肌病是较好的辅助诊断指标;B超检查对该病有一定诊断价值;两者联合检测能提高诊断的正确性,且方法简便、快捷、无创伤,是目前较为实用的诊断方法.     

血清及腹腔液CA125测定对子宫腺肌病的诊断价值

目的探讨血清及腹腔液CA125测定对子宫腺肌病的诊断价值.方法采用免疫化学发光法测定28例子宫腺肌病和25例子宫肌瘤患者血清及腹腔液(110稀释)CA125水平.结果子宫腺肌病患者血清CA125水平高于子宫肌瘤患者,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).两组间腹腔液CA125水平差异无显著性(P=0.18).腹腔液CA125水平明显高于血清CA125水平(P＜0.01),但二者无明显相关性(P＞0.50).腺肌病患者血清CA125水平受子宫大小、大体病理类型、使用性激素等因素影响.结论如用于子宫腺肌病的辅助诊断,血清CA125测定较腹腔液CA125测定敏感.腹腔液中CA125的主要来源可能为腹膜上皮细胞.     

阴道超声对诊断治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的价值

目的探讨阴道超声及血清CA125测定对诊断治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的价值。方法对卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病患者631例进行回顾性分析，术前均经阴道超声检查，部分患者进行了血清CA125测定。结果阴道超声检查卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿符合率98．7％；子宫腺肌病符合率91．7％；卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并子宫腺肌病符合率95．1％。血清CA125检查卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿，阳性率39．4％；子宫腺肌病阳性率52．2％；卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并子宫腺肌病阳性率59．2％。结论阴道超声可做为较准确诊断卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的首选方法。阴道超声下囊肿穿刺是治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的简便、有效的方法之一。血清CA125测定可做为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的协助诊断方法，应进一步完善对照组的研究。     

子宫腺肌病与子宫肌瘤的临床及实验室比较分析

探讨子宫腺肌病与子宫肌瘤的临床特点及实验室检查的价值，提高子宫腺肌病的术前诊断率。方法对比分析２５例子宫腺肌病患者和３１例子宫肌瘤患者的临床资料。结果两组患者发病年龄及临床表现相近，但子宫腺肌病的痛经症状明显。Ｂ超的诊断符合率子宫肌瘤组和子宫腺肌病分别为８７．５％和６０．０％，两者相比，有明显差异。     

血清CA125与抗子宫内膜抗体联合测定对子宫内膜异位症的诊断价值

目的 探讨血清CA125与抗子宫内膜抗体联合测定对于宫内膜异位症诊断的临床价值。方法 应用放射免疫法及酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法测定44例子宫内膜异位症患者（EMT组）血清中CA125值及EMAb阳性情况，并与40例健康妇女对照组进行比较。结果 EMT组血清CA125值阳性率为61．4％（27／44），显著高于对照组5．0％（2／40），P〈0．05；EMT组抗子宫内膜抗体阳性率为65．9％（29／44），显著高于对照组7．5％（3／40），P〈0．05；联合测定EMT患者血清CA125值及抗子宫内膜抗体，其敏感性明显高于两者单独测定的敏感性。结论 血清CA125与抗子宫内膜抗体联合测定可提高子宫内膜异位症诊断的敏感性。     

cccPLT和NLR修正CA125预测子宫腺肌病盆腔致密粘连的临床价值

目的探讨血清CA125、外周血PLT、NLR以及修正CA125预测子宫腺肌病盆腔致密粘连(pelvic dense adhesion,PDA)的临床价值。方法回顾304例腺肌病手术病例资料,采用Logistic回归分析患者CA125、PLT、NLR以及修正CA125与腺肌病PDA的相关性;使用ROC曲线评价其预测腺肌病PDA的价值。结果患者血清CA125、外周血PLT、NLR以及修正CA125与腺肌病PDA均呈正相关(P0.01或P0.05)。与单独使用血清CA125相比,修正CA125a可以提高预测腺肌病PDA的特异度(85.03%vs 83.00%)和敏感度(47.56%vs 47.47%);修正CA125b可以提高其特异度(53.13%vs 47.47%)。结论血清CA25、PLT及NLR与腺肌病患者PDA密切相关;使用PLT、NLR修正CA125能够进一步提高预测腺肌病PDA的准确性,可以为临床医师设计和实施腺肌病手术方式提供参考依据。     

NLR检测在子宫内膜异位疾病和子宫肌瘤的应用价值及意义

目的:探讨血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)检测在子宫内膜异位疾病和子宫肌瘤的应用价值及意义.方法:研究对象为在我院手术并经术后病理检查证实的子宫腺肌病102例(子宫腺肌病组)、子宫内膜异位症47例(子宫内膜异位症组)和子宫平滑肌瘤80例(子宫肌瘤组),以及在此期间健康体检的正常妇女72例(对照组).检测所有患者术前及对照组患者体检时的血NLR、白细胞数、淋巴细胞数、CA125、CA199值,并比较分析,评价NLR、CA125及CA199在3种疾病的诊断敏感性.结果:3种疾病组血NLR值均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).3种疾病组血NLR比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).子宫内膜异位症组Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者的血CA125值及阳性率明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者,两者差异均有高度统计学意义(P＜0.01),但各期间血NLR及CA199值及阳性率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:NLR在子宫腺肌病、子宫内膜异位症和子宫肌瘤都显著升高,表明免疫抑制是这3种疾病的共性.血NLR、CA125及CA1993种血清指标联合检测对这3种疾病的鉴别诊断有一定的价值.     

Toll样受体与子宫内膜及子宫内膜异位症

子宫内膜异位症(EMs)发病机制尚未完全阐明.大量研究表明,免疫因素在EMs的发病机制中起重要作用.EMs免疫应答异常主要是巨噬细胞数量和活性增加及其分泌产物,如生长因子、细胞因子和血管生成因子的改变.Toll样受体(TLRs)识别特异性的病原体相关分子模式,启动和介导免疫应答,在固有免疫中发挥重要作用,并诱导产生适应性免疫反应.TLRs在正常子宫内膜中的生理作用以及在EMs中的相关研究已逐步开展,对其深人认识和研究将为EMs诊断、治疗和预后判断提供新思路和手段.     

Toll样受体与子宫内膜及子宫内膜异位症

子宫内膜异位症（EMs）发病机制尚未完全阐明。大量研究表明,免疫因素在EMs的发病机制中起重要作用。EMs免疫应答异常主要是巨噬细胞数量和活性增加及其分泌产物,如生长因子、细胞因子和血管生成因子的改变。Toll样受体（TLRs）识别特异性的病原体相关分子模式,启动和介导免疫应答,在固有免疫中发挥重要作用,并诱导产生适应性免疫反应。TLRs在正常子宫内膜中的生理作用以及在EMs中的相关研究已逐步开展,对其深入认识和研究将为EMs诊断、治疗和预后判断提供新思路和手段。     

Pharmacokinetics and endometrial and tubal tissue penetration of cefalotin and cefazolin

The pharmacokinetics and concentrations of the two antibiotics cefazolin and cefalotin were studied during gynecologic operations in endometrial and tubal tissue. The patients received 0.05 g/kg of the antibiotics by intravenous injection. Under the given conditions, pharmacokinetic calculation of the plasma elimination gave half-lives of 24.8 min for cefalotin and of 63 min for cefazolin. Fitting of the tissue levels to the Bateman function showed that the two antibiotics diffuse rapidly into both tubal and endometrial tissue and attain peak concentration levels between 10 and 25 min. In both tissues the concentrations of cefazolin were higher than those of cefalotin. Higher tissue concentrations of cefazolin could also be demonstrated in experiments of longer duration.     

Psychological and pharmacological treatments of mood and anxiety disorders during pregnancy and postpartum. Review and synthesis

The aim of this article is to review the main methods of treatment of anxious and depressive disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum. To this end, we analyse recent publications about the use and efficacy of psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, psychoanalytical therapy) in the perinatal period. We also review recent papers about the use of psychotropic medication during pregnancy and breast-feeding, with special emphasis on clinical trials. We particularly focus on the risk/benefit assessment of antidepressants, mood stabilisers, antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, in terms of teratogenicity, and impact on neonatal adaptation and neuropsychological development. Various treatment modalities are presented and discussed. It appears that psychotherapies have proved their efficiency on most pre- and postpartum anxious and depressive disorders and represent a first line treatment in most cases. Psychopharmacological treatment is indicated for severe anxious and depressive disorders. The risks of such medication, especially antidepressants, may have been overestimated in the past. Provided reasonable precautions are taken and mothers and future mothers receive clear information on the potential risks and benefits, psychotropic medication could be more broadly prescribed during pregnancy and the breast-feeding period.     

Israeli and British women's wellbeing and eating behaviours in pregnancy and postpartum

Objectives: The study had two main objectives: (a) track changes in self-esteem, eating behaviours and body satisfaction from early pregnancy to 24 months postpartum and (b) to compare changes by context (Israel vs. UK) and maternal body mass index (BMI).

Background: High maternal BMI is associated with negative body image and restrained eating, which are experienced differently across cultures.

Methods: 156 pregnant women were recruited from Israel and the UK. Seventy-three women were followed up every six months from early postpartum and until 24 months following birth. Women completed questionnaires assessing self-esteem (RSEQ), body image (BIS/BIDQ) and eating behaviours (DEBQ) and self-reported weights and heights so that BMI could be calculated.

Results: Women with higher BMI had higher levels of self-esteem and were less satisfied with their body. Healthy-weight women were more likely to lose all of their retained pregnancy weight compared to overweight and obese women. Self-esteem, body image and eating behaviours remained stable from pregnancy until 24 months postpartum. No significant differences were found for any measure by context.

Conclusion: BMI was the strongest predictor of self-esteem and body dissatisfaction and a higher BMI predicted less weight loss postpartum.     

Placental ischemia and changes in umbilical and uteroplacental arterial and venous hemodynamics

Objective: To relate Doppler velocimetry findings in fetoplacental and uteroplacental circulation to placental histomorphology. Material and methods: In 14 uncomplicated and 31 high-risk pregnancies Doppler velocimetry was performed in umbilical artery and vein, and in maternal uterine veins and arteries during the second half of gestation. Histopathology of the placentas was examined, especially for signs of ischemia and inflammation. Results: All fetuses in uncomplicated pregnancies had normal flow velocity waveforms in umbilical artery; in the high-risk group, 18 fetuses had abnormal flow (increased PI or absent/reverse end-diastolic flow). The latter group had more often high ischemic score and infarctions in the placenta than found in pregnancies with normal umbilical artery flow (p?<?0.001 and p?=?0.02, respectively). Similarly, the abnormal uterine artery flow pattern (uterine artery score 3–4) occurred more often with high ischemic score and placenta infarctions (p?<?0.001 and p?<?0.001, respectively). No significant associations were found between the uterine venous flow type and placental ischemia. Conclusion: Placental ischemic morphological changes were associated with Doppler ultrasound signs of increased resistance to arterial blood flow, both on the fetal and maternal sides of the placenta. No significant relation to the uterine venous flow velocities was found.     

Clinical approach and epidemiological aspects of mood and anxiety disorders during pregnancy and postpartum. Review and synthesis

The aim of this article is to review clinical and epidemiological data on pre- and postnatal anxious and depressive disorders. To this end, we systematically analysed definitions, prevalence, risk factors and obstetrical consequences of perinatal disorders, as reported in seminal as well as more recent publications. We report and discuss the most consensual results about anxious and depressive disorders of pregnancy and the postpartum, with special emphasis on maternity blues, postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. Reviewed data confirm that the perinatal period is a time of high risk for the onset or exacerbation of several anxious or depressive disorders, which are likely to impede the normal progress of pregnancy or the child's development. The potential severity of bipolar disorders and puerperal psychosis is highlighted by the fact that they heavily contribute to maternal mortality. The specificity of perinatal disorders, their impact on public health, the extensive research and mounting knowledge in that field, provide ample justification for the recognition of perinatal psychiatry as a distinct branch of psychiatry.