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1.
Hartberg CB Sundet K Rimol LM Haukvik UK Lange EH Nesvåg R Melle I Andreassen OA Agartz I 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2011,35(4):1122-1130
Background
Similar patterns of subcortical brain abnormalities and neurocognitive dysfunction have been demonstrated in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, with more extensive findings in schizophrenia. It is unknown whether relationships between subcortical volumes and neurocognitive performance are similar or different between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Methods
MRI scans and neuropsychological test performance were obtained from 117 schizophrenia or 121 bipolar spectrum disorder patients and 192 healthy control subjects. Using the FreeSurfer software, volumes of 18 selected subcortical structures were automatically segmented and analyzed for relationships with results from 7 neurocognitive tests.Results
In schizophrenia, larger left ventricular volumes were related to poorer motor speed, and bilateral putamen volumes were related to poorer verbal learning, executive functioning and working memory performance. In bipolar disorder, larger left ventricular volumes were related to poorer motor speed and executive functioning. The relationship between left putamen volume and working memory was specific to schizophrenia. The relationships between left inferior lateral ventricles and motor speed and between right putamen volumes and executive functioning were similar in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and different from healthy controls. The results remained significant after corrections for use of antipsychotic medication. Significant structure-function relationships were also found when all subjects were combined into one group.Conclusion
The present findings suggest that there are differences as well as similarities in subcortical structure/function relationships between patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and healthy individuals. The observed differences further suggest that ventricular and putamen volume sizes may reflect severity of cognitive dysfunction in these disorders. 相似文献2.
A. Lin S.J. Wood B. Nelson W.J. Brewer D. Spiliotacopoulos A. Bruxner C. Broussard C. Pantelis A.R. Yung 《Schizophrenia Research》2011,132(1):1-7
Background and aim
Little is known about the relationship between neurocognitive performance and functional outcome before the onset of frank psychosis. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate neurocognitive predictors of poor functional outcome in a group identified as ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis between two and 13 years prior.Method
Individuals (N = 230) identified as UHR for psychosis at the PACE Clinic in Melbourne completed assessment of psychopathology, functioning and neurocognition at baseline and follow-up. The mean length of follow-up was 7.26 years (SD 3.05).Results
Forty-one individuals with the poorest functional outcome were identified. Only 48.8% of this group had transitioned to psychosis. Poor functional outcome was associated with reduced performance at baseline in the specific neurocognitive domains of verbal learning and memory, processing speed and attention, and verbal fluency, but not global cognitive impairment. Reduced performance on a verbal story recall task, in combination with higher negative symptoms at baseline, was the best predictor of later poor outcome. Baseline positive psychotic symptoms and GAF scores were not associated with later poor outcome.Discussion
To date, this is the longest follow-up study of an UHR sample. Poor functional outcome was associated with specific neurocognitive decrements, regardless of transition to psychosis. The detection of individuals with poor functioning at follow-up, against a background of previously identified risk factors for psychotic disorder, may yield a valid group in which to study biomarkers and treatment of schizophrenia. 相似文献3.
Barrett EA Sundet K Simonsen C Agartz I Lorentzen S Mehlum L Mork E Andreassen OA Melle I 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2011,(2):156-163
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate whether suicide attempters had higher IQ, better executive functioning, or were more impulsive as measured by neuropsychological tests than non-attempters in a group of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Method
One hundred seventy-four patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were assessed with a clinical interview for diagnosis, suicidality, symptoms and function, and underwent an extensive neurocognitive test battery.Results
There were no statistically significant differences in any neurocognitive domains between lifetime suicide attempters and non-attempters, or between patients with different rates of suicide attempts. Currently suicidal patients were significantly more impulsive (had poorer inhibitory control) than currently non-suicidal patients, but this difference was mediated by positive psychotic symptoms.Conclusion
The findings indicate that among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, there are no significant differences in IQ or neurocognitive functioning between suicide attempters and non-attempters. 相似文献4.
Yasuhiro Matsuda Sayaka Sato Norifumi Hatsuse Yukako Watanabe Toshifumi Kishimoto Emi Ikebuchi 《International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice》2014,18(1):63-69
Objective. The course of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia has not yet been established. Therefore, we followed patients with first-episode schizophrenia to verify the course of these deficits. Methods. In Study 1, tests of neurocognitive functioning were administered to patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FE group) every 6 months. Of the 26 patients who completed the baseline assessment, 19 completed a 6-month follow-up, and 13 completed a 1-year follow-up. In Study 2, 19 patients in FE group at 6-months when the neuropsychological measures was less influenced by psychotic symptoms and other patients who experienced schizophrenia 5-years earlier (5-year group) were compared. Results. In Study 1, verbal memory, motor speed, and executive functions significantly improved at the 1-year follow-up. In Study 2, patients in 5-year group performed worse in verbal memory and executive functions than patients in FE at 6-month group, but marginally but significantly better in verbal fluency. Conclusions. Verbal memory, executive functions, and verbal fluency were significantly different between 5-year group and FE at 6-month group, and may indicate progression of schizophrenia. Executive functions may reflect the state of psychosis. Working memory and processing speed which did not change significantly from onset are needed to verify the course in further research. 相似文献
5.
Cognitive functioning in the schizophrenia prodrome 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Simon AE Cattapan-Ludewig K Zmilacher S Arbach D Gruber K Dvorsky DN Roth B Isler E Zimmer A Umbricht D 《Schizophrenia bulletin》2007,33(3):761-771
In the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in cognitive alterations during the early course of schizophrenia. From a clinical perspective, a better understanding of cognitive functioning in putative at-risk states for schizophrenia is essential for developing optimal early intervention models. Two approaches have more recently been combined to assess the entire course of the initial schizophrenia prodrome: the predictive "basic symptom at-risk" (BS) and the ultra high-risk (UHR) criteria. Basic symptoms are considered to be present during the entire disease progression, including the initial prodrome, while the onset of symptoms captured by the UHR criteria expresses further disease progression toward frank psychosis. The present study investigated the cognitive functioning in 93 subjects who met either BS or UHR criteria and thus were assumed to be at different points on the putative trajectory to psychosis. We compared them with 43 patients with a first episode of psychosis and to 49 help-seeking patient controls. All groups performed significantly below normative values. Both at-risk groups performed at intermediate levels between the first-episode (FE) group and normative values. The UHR group demonstrated intermediate performance between the FE and BS groups. Overall, auditory working memory, verbal fluency/processing speed, and declarative verbal memory were impaired the most. Our results suggest that cognitive impairments may still be modest in the early stages of the initial schizophrenia prodrome and thus support current efforts to intervene in the early course of impending schizophrenia because early intervention may prevent or delay the onset of frank psychosis and thus prevent further cognitive damage. 相似文献
6.
Minah Kim Kang Ik Kevin Cho Youngwoo Bryan Yoon Tae Young Lee Jun Soo Kwon 《Clinical neurophysiology》2017,128(2):331-339
Objective
Although disconnection syndrome has been considered a core pathophysiologic mechanism of schizophrenia, little is known about the temporal behavior of mismatch negativity (MMN) generators in individuals with schizophrenia or clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis.Methods
MMN was assessed in 29 schizophrenia patients, 40 CHR subjects, and 47 healthy controls (HCs). Individual realistic head models and the minimum L2 norm algorithm were used to generate a current source density (CSD) model of MMN. The strength and time course of MMN CSD activity were calculated separately for the frontal and temporal cortices and were compared across brain regions and groups.Results
Schizophrenia patients and CHR subjects displayed lower MMN CSD strength than HCs in both the temporal and frontal cortices. We found a significant time delay in MMN generator activity in the frontal cortex relative to that in the temporal cortex in HCs. However, the sequential temporo-frontal activities of MMN generators were disrupted in both the schizophrenia and CHR groups.Conclusions
Impairments and altered temporal behavior of MMN multiple generators were observed even in individuals at risk for psychosis.Significance
These findings suggest that aberrant MMN generator activity might be helpful in revealing the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. 相似文献7.
Lizheng Shi Haya Ascher-Svanum Yi-Ju Chiang Yingnan Zhao Vivian Fonseca Daniel Winstead 《BMC psychiatry》2009,9(1):1-8
Background
The underlying nature of negative symptoms in psychosis is poorly understood. Investigation of the relationship between the different negative subsymptoms and neurocognition is one approach to understand more of the underlying nature. Apathy, one of the subsymptoms, is also a common symptom in other brain disorders. Its association with neurocognition, in particular executive functioning, is well documented in other brain disorders, but only studied in one former study of chronic patients with schizophrenia. This study investigates the association between apathy and neurocognitive functioning in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP), with the hypothesis that apathy is more associated with tests representing executive function than tests representing other neurocognitive domains.Methods
Seventy-one FEP patients were assessed with an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Level of apathy was assessed with the abridged Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES-C-Apathy).Results
AES-C-Apathy was only significantly associated with tests from the executive domain [Semantic fluency (r =.37, p <.01), Phonetic fluency (r =.25, p <.05)] and working memory [Letter Number Span (r =.26; p =<.05)]; the first two representing the initiation part of executive function. Confounding variables such as co-occuring depression, positive symptoms or use of antipsychotic medication did not significantly influence the results.Conclusion
We replicated in FEP patients the relationship between apathy and executive functioning reported in another study for chronic patients with schizophrenia. We also found apathy in FEP to have the same relationship to executive functioning, as assessed with the Verbal fluency tests, as that reported in patients with other brain disorders, pointing to a common underlying nature of this symptom across disorders. 相似文献8.
Rajeev Krishnadas Brian P Moore Ajita Nayak Ramesh R Patel 《Annals of general psychiatry》2007,6(1):1-8
Background
Cognitive deficits in various domains have been consistently replicated in patients with schizophrenia. Most studies looking at the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and functional disability are from developed countries. Studies from developing countries are few. The purpose of the present study was to compare the neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia who were in remission with that of normal controls and to determine if there is a relationship between measures of cognition and functional disability.Methods
This study was conducted in the Psychiatric Unit of a General Hospital in Mumbai, India. Cognitive function in 25 patients with schizophrenia in remission was compared to 25 normal controls. Remission was confirmed using the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) and scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS). Subjects were administered a battery of cognitive tests covering aspects of memory, executive function and attention. The results obtained were compared between the groups. Correlation analysis was used to look for relationship between illness factors, cognitive function and disability measured using the Indian disability evaluation and assessment scale.Results
Patients with schizophrenia showed significant deficits on tests of attention, concentration, verbal and visual memory and tests of frontal lobe/executive function. They fared worse on almost all the tests administered compared to normal controls. No relationship was found between age, duration of illness, number of years of education and cognitive function. In addition, we did not find a statistically significant relationship between cognitive function and scores on the disability scale.Conclusion
The data suggests that persistent cognitive deficits are seen in patients with schizophrenia under remission. The cognitive deficits were not associated with symptomatology and functional disability. It is possible that various factors such as employment and family support reduce disability due to schizophrenia in developing countries like India. Further studies from developing countries are required to explore the relationship between cognitive deficits, functional outcome and the role of socio-cultural variables as protective factors. 相似文献9.
Barbara Remberk Irena Namysłowska Filip Rybakowski 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2012
Background
Cognitive impairment and formal thought disorder, also referred to as communication disturbances, are considered the core symptoms of schizophrenia, strongly affecting social functioning and long-term outcome. Several studies in adult patients suggest improvement of both functions after the treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs. Such medications are also used as first line treatment in early-onset schizophrenia, however their efficacy in cognitive and communication domains in this population have not been systematically assessed.Aim of the study
Evaluation of risperidone efficacy at psychopathological symptoms, cognitive impairment and formal thought disorder in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis.Material and method
Psychopathological symptoms, cognitive functioning and formal thought disorder were evaluated in 32 hospitalized adolescent patients with schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis at the beginning of risperidone treatment and after clinical improvement and compared to the results of matched healthy control group.Results
Risperidone treatment was associated with reduction of symptom severity and moderate improvement of formal thought disorder and some aspects of executive functions. Working memory and verbal fluency were not improved. There were few correlations between psychopathological symptoms and results of cognitive tests, mainly between negative symptoms and executive functions.Discussion
In early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders atypical antipsychotic treatment is associated with alleviation of symptoms and only selective and moderate cognitive and communication improvement. 相似文献10.
Shin KS Kim JS Kim SN Koh Y Jang JH An SK O'Donnell BF Chung CK Kwon JS 《Schizophrenia bulletin》2012,38(6):1258-1267
The N1 and the mismatch negativity (MMN) responses observed in electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings reflect sensory processing, sensory memory, and adaptation and are usually abnormal in patients with schizophrenia. However, their differential sensitivity to ultra-high-risk (UHR) status is controversial. The current study evaluated the sensitivity of MEG N1m, N1m adaptation, and magnetic counterpart of MMN (MMNm) in 16 UHR subjects, 15 schizophrenia patients, and 18 healthy controls (HCs) during a passive auditory oddball task. N1m adaptation was assessed using the difference in N1m dipole moment between the first and last standard tones in a standard stimulus sequence. N1m adaptation occurred in HCs, whereas neither the UHR nor the schizophrenia groups showed adaptation to the standard tone on repeated presentations. The UHR group had values between those for HCs and schizophrenia patients. Additionally, MMNm dipole moment was reduced in both the UHR and patient groups compared with HCs, whereas the UHR and schizophrenia groups did not differ from each other. These findings indicated that both N1m adaptation and MMNm were altered in UHR subjects and in schizophrenia patients, despite unaffected N1m dipole moment to the first standard tones. Moreover, both UHR and schizophrenia groups failed to show adaptation of the N1m to repeated standard tones. This failure in adaptation was more severe in patients than UHR subjects, suggesting that auditory adaptation may be sensitive to the progression of the illness and be an early biomarker of UHR for psychosis. Deficits in auditory sensory memory, on the other hand, may be similarly impaired in both groups. 相似文献
11.
Addington J Epstein I Liu L French P Boydell KM Zipursky RB 《Schizophrenia Research》2011,132(1):54-61
Background
Symptomatic and functional outcomes in schizophrenia are associated with the duration of untreated psychosis. However, no candidate biomarkers have been adopted in clinical settings. Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which can easily and noninvasively measure hemodynamics over the prefrontal cortex, is a candidate instrument for clinical use.Aims
We intended to explore prefrontal dysfunction among individuals at different clinical stages, including ultra-high-risk (UHR), first-episode psychosis (FEP), and chronic schizophrenia (ChSZ), compared to healthy subjects.Method
Twenty-two UHR subjects, 27 patients with FEP, 38 patients with ChSZ, and 30 healthy subjects participated. We measured hemodynamic changes during a block-designed letter fluency task using multichannel NIRS instruments.Results
We found that the activations of the bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and the fronto-polar and anterior parts of the temporal cortical regions in the UHR group were lower than those of the controls, but similar to those of the FEP and ChSZ groups. However, the activations in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regions decrease with advancing clinical stage.Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study directly comparing differences in hemodynamic changes with respect to the 3 clinical stages of psychosis. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates different patterns of impairment according to the progression of clinical stages using NIRS instruments. NIRS measurements for UHR and FEP individuals may be candidate biomarkers for the early detection of the clinical stages of psychosis. 相似文献12.
Brissos S Palhavã F Marques JG Mexia S Carmo AL Carvalho M Dias C Franco JD Mendes R Zuzarte P Carita AI Molodynski A Figueira ML 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2012,47(7):1077-1086
Purpose
Deficits in social functioning are a core feature of schizophrenia and are influenced by both symptomatic and neurocognitive variables. In the present study we aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the Portuguese version of the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale, and possible correlations with measures of cognitive functioning.Methods
One-hundred and four community and inpatients with schizophrenia were assessed using measures of social functioning and symptom severity alongside measures of executive function, processing speed, and verbal memory.Results
Convergent validity with the GAF in the four domains of the PSP varied from 0.357 to 0.899. Reliability was found to be satisfactory, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.789. Inter-rater reliability in the four domains of the PSP varied from 0.430 to 0.954. Low-functioning patients (PSP?<?70) were older, had longer duration of illness, were more symptomatic and had worse cognitive performances, as compared with high-functioning patients (PSP?≥?70). In a regression model, deficits in social functioning were strongly predicted both by symptomatic and neurocognitive variables; these together accounted for up to 62% of the variance.Conclusions
The present study supports the reliability and validity of the Portuguese language version of the PSP and further supports the original measure. The co-administration of brief cognitive assessments with measures of functioning may lead to more focused interventions, possibly improving outcomes in this group. 相似文献13.
Yun Young Song Jee In Kang Se Joo Kim Mi Kyung Lee Eun Lee Suk Kyoon An 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2013
Objective
The psychobiological model of temperament and character indicates that personality traits are heritable and, during development, constantly influence one’s susceptibility to schizophrenia. Our objective was to evaluate temperament and character in subjects at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and individuals with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods
UHR for psychosis subjects (n = 50), first-episode schizophrenia patients (n = 33), and normal controls (n = 120) were compared on temperament and character dimensions, and correlation analysis of each personality dimension with psychopathologies, global and social functioning, and self-esteem. General and social self-efficacy reports were conducted. UHR subjects were followed-up for 24 months and the baseline personality dimensions were compared between the converted and non-converted groups.Results
Both clinical groups showed abnormal personality traits in terms of temperament (higher harm avoidance, lower reward dependence and persistence) and character (lower self-directedness and cooperativeness). Psychosocial functioning and psychological health components were found to be correlated with some personality dimensions. The conversion rate of overt psychotic disorder was 25.0% at the 24-month follow-up. Baseline cooperativeness dimension was a significant predictive dimension for conversion into overt psychosis in the UHR group during the follow-up period.Conclusion
Patients with first episode schizophrenia have a pervasively altered personality profile from normal controls. More importantly, this altered personality profile already emerged in putative prodromal, UHR individuals. The present findings indicate that certain personality traits can play a protective or vulnerable role in developing schizophrenia. 相似文献14.
Ryosaku Kawada Miho Yoshizumi Kazuyuki Hirao Hironobu Fujiwara Jun Miyata Mitsuaki Shimizu Chihiro Namiki Nobukatsu Sawamoto Hidenao Fukuyama Takuji Hayashi Toshiya Murai 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2009,33(7):1255-1260
Objective
Behaviors associated with frontal/executive impairments are common in patients with schizophrenia. Our aim was to reconfirm that morphological brain abnormalities in schizophrenia patients would overlap the areas underpinning frontal systems behavior, and examine whether any specific association exists between abnormalities of brain structures and frontal behavioral deficits in schizophrenia patients.Method
Twenty-six schizophrenia patients and 26 matched healthy controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and their frontal function was assessed by a self-rating questionnaire, Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). We applied voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate regional brain volume alternations.Result
Compared with healthy controls, schizophrenia patients showed reduced gray matter volume in multiple frontal and temporal structures, namely, the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC), bilateral medial prefrontal cortices, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral anterior cingulate cortices, and bilateral superior temporal gyri. The scores on the executive dysfunction subscale of the FrSBe were correlated with volume reduction in the bilateral DLPFC in the patient group.Conclusion
Our result suggests that pathology of the DLPFC could be the neural basis of real-life dysexecutive behaviors in schizophrenia patients. 相似文献15.
Myung-Ji Lee Yong-Bum Shin Young-Kyung Sunwoo Seung-Ho Jung Won-Hyoung Kim Min-Hee Kang Jeong-Seop Lee Jae-Nam Bae Chul-Eung Kim 《Psychiatry investigation》2009,6(4):286-293
Objective
We investigated the neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenic patients with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods
We grouped 27 patients as either obsessive-compulsive or non-obsessive-compulsive based on the presence of OCD. The two groups completed the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and Hamilton Depression Scale. The intelligence quotient (IQ) was tested using the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The memory quotient (MQ) was tested using the Korean-Auditory Verbal Learning and Korean-Complex Figure Test. The executive intelligence quotient (EIQ) was determined using the Kims executive intelligence test (EXIT).Results
Ten of the 27 patients had OCD. The compulsion score of Y-BOCS was positively correlated with positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and the total scores of PANSS. The OCD-schizophrenia patients had higher IQs. No difference was found in MQ. Although the EIQ did not differ between the two groups, the OCD-schizophrenia patients performed better at the Stroop-interference and verbal fluency tests, which was highly dependent on executive function.Conclusion
Our findings suggest that OCD may have a protective effect on some cognitive function, at least in relatively early stage of illness. Moreover, based on clinical, neurocognitive features, schizophrenia with OCD could be considered as a distinct subtype of schizophrenia. 相似文献16.
Haya Ascher-Svanum Baojin Zhu Douglas Faries Ron Landbloom Marvin Swartz Jeff Swanson 《BMC psychiatry》2006,6(1):1-16
Background
Relationships between cognitive deficits and brain morphological changes observed in schizophrenia are alternately explained by less gray matter in the brain cerebral cortex, by alterations in neural circuitry involving the basal ganglia, and by alteration in cerebellar structures and related neural circuitry. This work explored a model encompassing all of these possibilities to identify the strongest morphological relationships to cognitive skill in schizophrenia.Methods
Seventy-one patients with schizophrenia and sixty-five healthy control subjects were characterized by neuropsychological tests covering six functional domains. Measures of sixteen brain morphological structures were taken using semi-automatic and fully manual tracing of MRI images, with the full set of measures completed on thirty of the patients and twenty controls. Group differences were calculated. A Bayesian decision-theoretic method identified those morphological features, which best explained neuropsychological test scores in the context of a multivariate response linear model with interactions.Results
Patients performed significantly worse on all neuropsychological tests except some regarding executive function. The most prominent morphological observations were enlarged ventricles, reduced posterior superior vermis gray matter volumes, and increased putamen gray matter volumes in the patients. The Bayesian method associated putamen volumes with verbal learning, vigilance, and (to a lesser extent) executive function, while caudate volumes were associated with working memory. Vermis regions were associated with vigilance, executive function, and, less strongly, visuo-motor speed. Ventricular volume was strongly associated with visuo-motor speed, vocabulary, and executive function. Those neuropsychological tests, which were strongly associated to ventricular volume, showed only weak association to diagnosis, possibly because ventricular volume was regarded a proxy for diagnosis. Diagnosis was strongly associated with the other neuropsychological tests, implying that the morphological associations for these tasks reflected morphological effects and not merely group volumetric differences. Interaction effects were rarely associated, indicating that volumetric relationships to neuropsychological performance were similar for both patients and controls.Conclusion
The association of subcortical and cerebellar structures to verbal learning, vigilance, and working memory supports the importance of neural connectivity to these functions. The finding that a morphological indicator of diagnosis (ventricular volume) provided more explanatory power than diagnosis itself for visuo-motor speed, vocabulary, and executive function suggests that volumetric abnormalities in the disease are more important for cognition than non-morphological features. 相似文献17.
A.E. Castaneda J. Suvisaari M. Marttunen J. Perälä S.I. Saarni T. Aalto-Setälä J. Lönnqvist A. Tuulio-Henriksson 《European psychiatry》2011,26(6):346-353
Objective
Cognitive functioning in anxiety disorders has received little investigation, particularly among young adults and in non-clinical samples. The present study examined cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of young adults with anxiety disorders in comparison to healthy peers.Methods
A population-based sample of 21–35-year-olds with a lifetime history of anxiety disorders (n = 75) and a random sample of healthy controls (n = 71) derived from the same population were compared in terms of performance in neuropsychological tests measuring verbal and visual short-term memory, verbal long-term memory, attention, psychomotor processing speed, and executive functioning.Results
In general, young adults with anxiety disorders did not have major cognitive impairments when compared to healthy peers. When participants with anxiety disorder in remission were excluded, persons with current anxiety disorder scored lower in visual working memory tests. Current psychotropic medication use and low current psychosocial functioning associated with deficits in executive functioning, psychomotor processing speed, and visual short-term memory.Conclusion
Lifetime history of anxiety disorders is not associated with cognitive impairment among young adults in the general population. However, among persons with anxiety disorders, current psychotropic medication use and low psychosocial functioning, indicating more severe symptoms, may associate with cognitive impairments. 相似文献18.
Shalisah Sharip Patricia Michie Ulrich Schall Karen Drysdale Vanessa Case Anoop Sankaranarayanan Hatta Sidi Srijit Das 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2013
Objective
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of cognitive training in improving trained and untrained cognitive processes in schizophrenia.Methods
A simple pre- and post experimental study with a three month follow-up was conducted to determine the efficacy of cognitive training in speed of processing and executive functions improving cognition in 22 schizophrenia patients.Results
Significant improvement was found in those cognitive domains specifically targeted in the training protocol, but also to a limited extent on verbal memory and social cognition. There was also evidence of improvements in symptoms and social functioning. The training effects failed to transfer to community functioning skills however. Except for social cognition, these improvements were maintained at 3 month follow-up.Conclusion
The study highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the transfer of skills as well as the maintenance of cognitive changes in individuals with schizophrenia. 相似文献19.
Yun da Y Hwang SS Kim Y Lee YH Kim YS Jung HY 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2011,35(4):1148-1154
Objective
Although deficits in executive functioning are prominent in schizophrenia, some patients in remission have shown significantly higher levels of neurocognitive functioning than patients not in remission. However, no consensus on the relationship between neurocognitive functioning and the severity of symptoms has been reached. Additionally, previous studies have mainly examined the primary symptom domains of schizophrenia without considering the influence of anxiety symptoms, which are likely to influence neuropsychological performance. The aim of the present study was to compare the executive functioning of normal controls and with that of patients with schizophrenia in acute and remitted states. We further examined associations between impaired executive functioning in patients and anxiety levels.Methods
Using a battery of tests assessing executive functioning including subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Test Battery (CANTAB) and the short form of the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (K-WAIS), we assessed 54 patients with schizophrenia and 33 normal controls.Results
Our results showed that patients with non-remitted schizophrenia obtained significantly lower estimated IQ scores than did normal controls. They also exhibited longer reaction times on the Choice Reaction Time (CRT) test and the Stop Signal Test (SST) subtests of CANTAB and a greater number of total errors and errors that occurred before the extradimensional stage (i.e., pre-ED errors) on the Intradimensional/Extradimensional Shift (IED) subtest of CANTAB. Furthermore, those with schizophrenia in acute states showed significantly slower stop signal reaction times (SSRT) on the SST than did those with remitted schizophrenia and healthy controls. Finally, differences in the pre-ED errors and total adjusted errors on the IED became insignificant when scores on the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were entered as the covariate, whereas other significant differences remained when these scores were entered.Conclusion
Differences in executive functioning exist between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls; these differences can be largely attributed to the relatively poor performance of patients in an active state. 相似文献20.
Diwadkar VA Goradia D Hosanagar A Mermon D Montrose DM Birmaher B Axelson D Rajarathinem R Haddad L Amirsadri A Zajac-Benitez C Rajan U Keshavan MS 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2011,35(5):1349-1354