Interleukin-18基因启动子区单核苷酸多态性与肝细胞癌遗传易感性关系的研究

目的探讨白细胞介素18(IL-18)基因启动子区-607C/A(rs1946518)和-137G/C(rs187238)单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与肝细胞癌(肝癌)遗传易感性的关系。方法应用序列特异性引物-聚合酶链反应(PCR-SSP)技术,检测228例肝癌患者和300例健康对照者IL-18基因启动子-607C/A(rs1946518)、-137G/C(rs187238)单核苷酸多态性位点基因型,分析肝癌患者和对照组基因型频率和等位基因频率分布。结果肝癌组SNP位点rs187238 G等位基因的频率明显高于对照组(OR=1.1891,95%CI=1.0106-1.5633,P=0.026)。携带rs187238 GG基因型的肝癌患者较多(OR=1.5168,95%CI=1.1490-1.8322,P=0.010)。分层分析发现,rs1946518位点上AA基因型与肝癌发病的关联在饮酒的肝癌患者中更加显著(P=0.024),而且rs187238位点上GC/CC基因型与肝癌发病的关联在出现肝癌复发的患者中更加显著(P=0.005)。结论 IL-18基因启动子区-137G/C(rs187238)GG基因型与肝癌遗传易感性有关联。而rs1946518位点AA基因型和rs187238位点GC/CC基因型分别与肝癌患者饮酒和肝癌复发有关联。     

白细胞介素10基因启动子区多态性与乙型肝炎病毒感染预后的关联研究

目的探讨中国汉族人白细胞介素10基因(interleukin10gene,IL10)启动子区单核苷酸多态性与乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitisBvirus,HBV)感染、转归的关联。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析方法,检测231例HBV感染者,165例HBV感染康复者和135名正常对照者IL10基因启动子-1082G/A、-819T/C、-592A/C位点基因型。结果IL10基因启动子-1082G/A、-819T/C、-592A/C位点基因型和等位基因在HBV感染组、HBV感染康复组和正常对照组之间的分布频率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在血清HBV-DNA<1×103拷贝/mL的HBV感染者组和HBV-DNA≥1×103拷贝/mL组之间的分布频率比较差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05);但IL10基因启动子-819T/C和-592A/C位点基因型和等位基因在HBV无症状携带组和慢性乙型肝炎组之间的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),-819T/C位点TT型和-592A/C位点AA型在慢性乙型肝炎组的频率明显较高。结论汉族人IL10基因启动子多态性可能与人群对HBV易感性及感染后的病毒血症水平无显著相关性;但IL10启动子-819T/C和-592A/C位点基因多态性与HBV感染后的肝脏炎症反应有关。     

TNFA基因启动子区多态性与HBV感染结局的关联研究

目的 在中国汉族人群中探讨TNFA基因启动子区单核苷酸多态性是否与HBV感染结局相关联。方法 以148例HBV自限性感染者和207例慢性乙肝患者为研究对象，应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性和序列特异性引物-PCR方法对TNFA基因启动子区5个位点，-238G／A、-308G／A、-857C／T、-863C／A和-1031T／C进行基因型分型，用EPI和EH等统计学软件分析各位点等位基因、基因型、单倍型频率及其组问差异。结果 TNFA基因-238位GG基因型在慢性肝炎组的频率显著高于自限性感染组（P=0．02），-857TT基因型的频率在慢性肝炎组显著低于自限性感染组（P=0.02）。TNFA基因-238／-308／-857／-863／-1031组成的单倍型GGCCT的频率在慢性肝炎组显著低于自限性感染组（P=0．03），单倍型GGcAT与GGTAT在慢性肝炎组的频率显著高于自限性感染组（P=0．0001，P=0．004）。结论 TNFA基因启动子区多态性与HBV感染结局显著关联。     

中国北方汉族人群HBV携带者和慢性乙肝患者TNF-α基因启动子区单核苷酸多态性分析

目的探讨在中国北方汉族人群中TNF-α基因启动子区单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）及其单倍型是否与HBV感染结局相关联。方法以212例无症状HBV携带者和207例慢性乙肝患者为研究对象,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）和序列特异性引物-PCR（SSP-PCR）方法对TNF-α基因启动子区5个位点,进行基因分型,用EPI和EH等软件分析各位点等位基因、基因型、单倍型频率及其组间差异。结果TNF-α基因-238GG基因型和-863CC基因型是HBV感染后个体发生乙型肝炎慢性化的易感因素（P=0．05,P〈0．01）。5个位点组成的单倍型GGCCT在慢性肝炎组的频率显著低于无症状携带组（P〈0．05）,单倍型GGCAT和GGTAT在慢性肝炎组的频率显著高于无症状携带组（P〈0．05）。结论TNF-α基因启动子区多态性可能是影响HBV感染结局的重要宿主遗传因素之一。     

白细胞介素-10 基因启动子多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病易感性的关系

目的　探讨中国汉族人白细胞介素 - 10基因启动子单核苷酸多态性及其与慢性阻塞性肺疾病易感性之间的关系。　方法　应用聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性分析方法 ,检测 94名健康吸烟者和 88例吸烟慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者白细胞介素 - 10(interleukin- 10 ,IL- 10 )基因启动子 - 10 82 G/ A、- 819C/ T、- 5 92 C/ A单核苷酸多态性位点基因型。　结果共发现 11种启动子基因型 ,以 AA·TT·AA、AA·TC· AC、AA· TC· AA基因型多见 ;通过对 11种启动子基因型进行分析 ,新发现 ATC、ACA两种单倍型 ;健康吸烟者和吸烟 COPD患者 IL- 10基因启动子- 10 82 G/ A、- 5 92 C/ A位点基因型分布频率差异无显著性 ,- 819C/ T多态性位点与中国汉族人 COPD易感性有关 ;中国汉族人 IL- 10基因启动子等位基因频率与日本人相似 ,与白种人之间差异存在显著性。　结论　中国汉族人 COPD易感性与 IL- 10基因启动子 - 819C/ T位点多态性有关 ;中国汉族人 IL- 10基因启动子至少存在 ATA、ACC、GCC、ATC、ACA5种单倍型。     

RANTES基因-28C／G单核苷酸多态性与子宫内膜异位症遗传易感性的研究

目的探讨调节正常T细胞表达和分泌活性因子（regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted,RANTES）基因启动子区-28C／G单核苷酸的多态性与广东籍汉族患者子宫内膜异位症的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性酶切片段长度多态性技术（PCR—RFLP）并进行基因测序的方法检测广东籍汉族子宫内膜异位症患者59例（内异症组）,非子宫内膜异位症患者49例（对照组）,比较分析各组间基因型频率和等位基因频率。结果RANTES基因启动子区-28C／C基因型在子宫内膜异症组及对照组分布频率分别为81．36％、81．63％,C／G基因型分布频率分别为18．64％、18．37％;两组间的基因型分布频率比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。RANTES基因启动子区-28位点C等位基因型在内异症组及对照组中的分布频率分别为90．68％、90．82％,G等位基因型分布频率分别为9．32％、9．18％,两组间等位基因型频率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论在广东籍汉族妇女中,RANTES基因启动子区-28C／G单核苷酸多态性与子宫内膜异位症遗传易感性可能无关联。     

中国汉族人群白细胞介素10启动子区基因多态性的等位基因频率

目的：了解中国汉族人群中白细胞介素10（IL-10）启动子区基因多态性的等位基因频率。方法：应用聚合酶链-限制性片段长度多态性分析（PCR—RFLP）技术,对131例健康中国汉族受检样本进行IL-10592、819、-1082三个位点的基因型检测。结果：IL-10-592位点A／A、C／A、C／C基因型频率分别为42．7％、36．6％、20．7％,IL-10 -819位点T／T、T／C、C／C基因型频率分别为42．7％、36．6％、20．7%;其相关等位基因频率与意大利高加索人及英国曼彻斯特人相比有显著性差异,但与韩国人之间的差异无统计学意义。结论：不同国家人群间存在IL-10启动子区基因多态性的差异。     

白细胞介素-18基因多态性与其表达量关系的研究

目的:探讨IL-18基因启动子-607C/A、-137G/C位点多态性是否影响其表达量。方法:选择80例体检健康个体,确定IL-18基因启动子区-137G/C、-607C/A位点基因型,分离上述研究对象外周血单个核细胞(PeripheralBloodMonocytes,PBMC),统一浓度培养24h后,收集培养细胞和上清液。采用ELISA检测上清液中IL-18的含量,并用RT-PCR检测培养细胞中IL-18mRNA的水平。结果:IL-18基因启动子-607位点CC、CA和AA基因型个体PBMC分泌IL-18的浓度分别为(11.54±6.48)ng/ml、(10.92±5.16)ng/ml和(11.79±3.18)ng/ml,表达IL-18mRNA水平分别为0.878±0.633、0.877±0.521和0.881±0.400;IL-18基因启动子-137位点GG、GC或CC基因型个体PBMC分泌IL-18的浓度分别为(11.27±5.42)ng/ml和(11.31±4.62)ng/ml,表达IL-18mRNA水平分别为0.835±0.485和0.984±0.613。两个位点各基因型间个体PBMC分泌和表达IL-18水平比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:IL-18基因外显子1上游启动子-607C/A、-137G/C位点基因多态性对IL-18分泌和表达量没有明显影响。     

IL-18 水平表达及IL-18 基因多态性与哮喘病的相关性研究

目的:探讨IL-18基因多态性位点(IL-18/-607C/A,IL-18/-137G/C)多态性及血清IL-18水平与哮喘发生的关系。方法:选取我院301例哮喘患者作为哮喘组,并选取288例健康成人作为健康组。提取研究对象全血DNA,采用等位基因特异性引物PCR检测两组IL-18基因多态性位点(IL-18/-607C/A,IL-18/-137G/C),并对其PCR反应产物进行测序验证;观察IL-18基因多态性位点(IL-18/-607C/A,IL-18/-137G/C)等位基因频率分布,同时通过酶联免疫吸附法检测IL-18在不同组别血清浓度,分析影响哮喘发生的危险因素。结果:与对照组相比IL-18基因(-607C/A)、3种基因型、等位基因等差异较大(χ2=10. 24,P0. 001;χ2=50. 26,P0. 001),差异具有显著统计学意义。哮喘组基因位点-137G/C的CC与GG基因型差异有显著统计学意义(χ2=4. 717,P0. 05),其等位基因频率差异无显著性(χ2=3. 711,P0. 05);哮喘组患者血清IL-18水平显著低于健康组(t=85. 34,P0. 001),其中基因多态性位点(-607C/A) CC基因型的哮喘患者血清IL-18的水平为(18. 02±3. 92) pg/ml,携带AA基因型患者IL-18的水平为(41. 68±8. 08) pg/ml,两者比较差异具有统计学意义(t=22. 26,P0. 001);基因多态性位点(-137G/C) 3种基因型哮喘患者血清IL-18的水平差异无统计学意义(F=0. 281,P0. 05)。结论:哮喘患者血清IL-18水平降低,提示哮喘的发生可能与血清IL-18水平低下有关。IL-18多态性位点(IL-18/-607C/A,IL-18/-137G/C)的基因分型中携带(-607C/A) AA基因型的人群患哮喘风险更大。     

湖北汉族人群白细胞介素18基因启动子区多态性研究

目的 :研究白细胞介素 18(IL 18)基因启动子区 - 137G/C、- 6 0 7C/A位点多态性在湖北汉族健康人群中的分布。方法 :随机选择 187例湖北地区无血缘关系的汉族健康人 ,用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应技术检测IL 18基因启动子区 - 137G/C、- 6 0 7C/A位点单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) ,并进行不同种族间比较。结果 :湖北地区汉族健康人群IL 18基因启动子区 - 137位点基因型以GG型 ( 6 7% )多见 ,其次为GC型 ( 30 % )和CC型 ( 3% ) ;其等位基因以G型 ( 82 % )最为常见。而 - 6 0 7位点基因型以CA型 ( 6 0 % )多见 ,其次为CC型 ( 2 1% )和AA型 ( 19% ) ;其等位基因以C型 ( 51% )多见。与瑞典、波兰、澳大利亚等人群相比 ,该位点多态性分布差异存在显著性 (P <0 .0 5) ,而 - 137G/C位点基因型分布与亚洲日本人群相接近 (P >0 .0 5)。结论 :湖北地区汉族人群IL 18基因启动子区 - 137G/C、- 6 0 7C/A位点存在多态性 ,其在不同种族间的分布可能存在显著性差异。     

白细胞介素1B及受体拮抗剂基因多态性与慢性乙型肝炎的相关性

目的　探讨白细胞介素 1B(interlukin- 1B,IL - 1B)基因启动子区域 - 5 11C/ T和白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂 (receptor antagonist,RN )基因在慢性乙型肝炎及正常人群中的多态性 ,初步分析其基因型与慢性乙型肝炎的相关性。　方法　对 190例慢性乙型肝炎患者和 2 4 9名正常人 IL - 1B、 RN基因进行PCR扩增 ,其中 IL - 1B基因用 Ava 限制性内切酶对 PCR产物进行消化 ,然后经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分别对IL- 1B、RN基因多态性进行分析。　结果　 IL- 1B基因在正常人和慢性乙型肝炎患者中 - 5 11C等位基因频率分别为 0 .5 0和 0 .4 8,- 5 11T等位基因频率分别为 0 .5 0和 0 .5 2。 3种基因型频率分别为 CC型 :0 .2 6(6 5 / 2 4 9)和 0 .2 4 (4 5 / 190 ) ;CT型 :0 .4 7(118/ 2 4 9)和 0 .4 9(94 / 190 ) ;TT型 :0 .2 7(6 6 / 2 4 9)和 0 .2 7(5 1/190 )。IL- 1B基因启动子 - 5 11位点 CC型慢性乙型肝炎患者乙肝病毒 DNA水平明显降低 (P<0 .0 5 )。在IL- 1RN的 5种不同组合等位基因 ,只发现 1/ 1、1/ 2、2 / 2和 1/ 4四种基因型 ,其在慢性乙型肝炎患者和正常人中的分布为 1/ 1型 :0 .88和 0 .81;1/ 2型 :0 .0 9和 0 .16 ;2 / 2型 :0 .0 1和 0 .0 1;1/ 4型 :0 .0 2和 0 .0 2。其中 IL - 1RN* 1等位基因频率在慢性乙型肝     

IL-18 gene promoter -137C/G and -607C/A polymorphisms in Chinese Han children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease, and both environmental and genetic factors play a role in its pathogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine capable of inducing interferon-gamma production that is associated with the development of T1DM. The gene for IL-18 is located on chromosome 11q22.2-q22.3 and has been reported to be associated with a susceptibility to T1DM. To test the putative involvement between IL-18 gene polymorphism and predisposition to T1DM, we conducted a case-control study in Chinese Han children. The single nucleotide polymorphisms at position -607(C/A) and -137(C/G) in the promoter region of the IL-18 gene were analysed by sequence-specific primers-polymerase chain reaction in 118 patients with T1DM and 150 healthy controls. (1) The allele frequency of -607A was 41.2% and 53.0%, respectively, in patients and in control subjects (P = 0.01), but the allele frequency of -137C/G was not statistically significant (P = 0.37). (2) The distribution of CC genotype at position -607 was significantly different between patients and normal controls (P = 0.03), while the distribution of AA genotype in patients was significantly lower than that in the controls (P = 0.03). (3) Furthermore, there was a significant increase in haplotype (-137C/-607G) and genotype combination (-137GG/ -607CC) in patients compared with controls (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). The results of this study show that IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms confer susceptibility to T1DM in Chinese Han children. Moreover, subjects carrying AA genotype at position -607 of the promoter of IL-18 gene may be a low risk of T1DM development.     

Association of interleukin-18 gene polymorphism (-607A/A genotype) with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Polymorphisms in the gene promoter can lead to different levels of cytokine expression and let some individuals have unique immune responses. Therefore, the association of single nucleotide polymorphism of interleukin (IL)-18 promoter region in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was examined. The results demonstrated the significant involvement of genotype A/A at position -607 in patients (n = 140) when compared with healthy individuals (n = 140) [OR (95% CI) = 2.62 (1.36-5.09), P(c)= 0.009]. The frequencies of -607A/A, C/A, C/C genotypes were 27.86%, 48.57% and 23.57% in chronic HBV patients and 12.80%, 59.30% and 27.90% in healthy controls, respectively. No significant association at the position -137 was found between the two groups. The frequencies of -607A/-137G haplotype homozygosity were higher in the chronic HBV patients (17.14%) than in the controls (8.57%) [OR (95% CI) = 2.21 (1-4.93), P = 0.05], although this was not statistically significant when corrected for multiple comparison (P(c)= 0.40). In conclusion, this study proposes that A/A genotype at position -607 in IL-18 gene can be used as a new genetic maker in Thai population for predicting chronic hepatitis B development.     

Promoter polymorphism of IL-18 gene in pulmonary tuberculosis in South Indian population

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a vital role in both innate and acquired immunity. We analysed polymorphisms at -607(C/A) and -137(G/A) in the promoter region of IL-18 gene by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in normal healthy subjects (n = 173) and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 165). Allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies did not differ significantly between normal healthy subjects and patients. The results suggest that the IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility or resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis in south Indian population of Dravidian descent.     

Association between IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms and CTLA-4 gene 49A/G polymorphism in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine which is strongly associated with the development of diabetes in NOD mice. To test the putative involvement of IL-18 gene polymorphism in predisposition to human type 1 diabetes, the SNPs at position -607 (C/A) and -137 (G/C) in the promoter region of IL-18 gene were analyzed by sequence-specific PCR in 116 patients with type 1 diabetes and 114 normal controls. A linkage disequilibrium found only three of the four possible haplotypes defined by these SNPs. The distribution of the IL-18 gene genotypes at position -607 was significantly different between patients with type 1 diabetes and normal controls (P=0.023). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in haplotype 1 (-607C/-137G) in the patients compared with controls (P=0.006). The association study of the susceptible CTLA-4 genotype (GG at nucleotide position 49 in exon 1) or HLA-DR4-DQB1*0401 and type 1 diabetes showed that the predisposing IL-18 gene haplotype modulates the risk on CTLA-4 GG genotype, but not on HLA-DR4-DQB1*0401 haplotype. Among subjects carrying the CTLA-4 GG genotype, the frequency of IL-18 haplotype 1 in patients with type 1 diabetes was significantly higher than that in controls (91% vs. 71%, P=0.012). However, IL-18 haplotype 1 was not frequent in patients who do not exhibit the CTLA-4 high-risk genotype. These results suggest that the IL-18 gene polymorphism is associated with a type 1 diabetes susceptibility, and there might be a gene-gene interaction between IL-18 gene with susceptible CTLA-4 gene.     

Polymorphism of interleukin-18 promoter influences the onset of kidney graft function after transplantation

It has been well recognized that the promoter polymorphisms of interleukin-18 (IL-18) influence the level of cytokine expression. In our previously published data, we showed constitutive IL-18 expression in the epithelium of renal distal tubules in patients after kidney transplantation and significantly elevated IL-18 expression during acute rejection. In this study, we evaluated the clinical significance of two functional promoter polymorphisms of the IL-18 gene at positions -607 A/C (rs1946518) and -137 C/G (rs187238) in patients after kidney transplantation and looked for associations with the onset of graft function and the incidence of rejection episodes. Promoter polymorphisms in 124 patients and 103 unrelated controls were evaluated by sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction and the allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies were statistically correlated. We found a statistically different distribution of the allele frequency of -607 A/C polymorphism between patients with immediate or delayed onset of kidney graft function. Data showed that the C allele, which contributes to higher IL-18 expression, is more frequent in patients with delayed onset of function (P = 0.03, odds ratio = 1.93; 95% confidence interval = 1.15-3.25). A/C single nucleotide polymorphisms of the IL-18 promoter at position -607 may influence the onset of early kidney allograft function.     

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the interleukin-18 gene promoter region in rheumatoid arthritis patients: protective effect of AA genotype

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic arthritic condition that can lead to deformities and disabilities. Although numerous studies reported the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*04 and RA, other genes, e.g. cytokines genes, may contribute towards disease susceptibility. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine postulated to play a role in the acute and chronic inflammatory phases of RA. The IL-18 protein expression seems to be regulated by two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at positions -607 and -137 in the promoter region of the gene. It is postulated that specific alleles may be associated with susceptibility to the development of RA. In the present study, we described the IL-18 gene promoter region genotypes and combined genotypes (-607/-137) in 106 RA patients and 273 unrelated healthy controls to evaluate the contributions of these alleles to RA predisposition in Chinese, Malays, and Indians. The genotyping were performed using sequence-specific polymerase chain reactions. Rheumatoid factors were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biodata were obtained through chart review. The controls had significantly higher frequency of AA genotype at position -607 when compared to RA patients. No significant differences were observed in the distribution of either allelic or genotypic frequencies at position -137. There was no association between the genotypes and the presence of rheumatoid factors. This study did not find evidence of a genetic susceptibility factor but demonstrated the novel finding that the AA genotype at position -607 is associated with a protective effect against development of RA in Chinese individuals. This protection may be mediated through inhibition of cyclic (Adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate) AMP-responsive element (CRE)-binding protein by the disruption of the CRE consensus sequence.     

Interleukin IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene promoter polymorphism is known as a genetic risk factor for child type 1 diabetes mellitus development. To test the role of IL-18 gene polymorphism in predisposition to adult type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), we analysed SNPs at position -607 (C/A) and -137 (G/C) in the promoter region of IL-18 gene by sequence-specific PCR in 49 T1DM, 66 LADA patients and 139 healthy controls. We found differences in allele, genotype or haplotype distribution in tested patients when compared to frequencies found in control group but these differences did not reach statistical significance. However, there was a difference in -607 (C/A) allele and genotype distribution found in LADA and T1DM patients that reached statistical significance. These results suggest that the IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms are not associated with adult type 1 diabetes or LADA susceptibility, and according to our findings genes involved in onset and progression of LADA and T1DM are probably different.