Antiinflammatory Constituents from Eclipta prostrata using RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells

The whole plant extract of Eclipta prostrata and its isolated compounds were tested for their antiinflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) release in RAW264.7 cells, as well as for the antiinflammatory mechanism of the active compound on mRNA expression. Among the isolated compounds, orobol (5) exhibited the highest activity against NO release with an IC₅₀ value of 4.6 μm , followed by compounds 1, 2 and 4 with IC₅₀ values of 12.7, 14.9 and 19.1 μm , respectively. The IC₅₀ value of compound 5 against PGE₂ release was found to be 49.6 μm , whereas it was inactive towards TNF‐α (IC₅₀ > 100 μm ). The mechanism of orobol (5) was found to down‐regulate iNOS and COX‐2 mRNA expression in a concentration‐dependent manner. The present study may support the traditional use of Eclipta prostrata for the treatment of inflammatory‐related diseases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Diacylglycerol Compounds from Barks of Betula platyphylla with Inhibitory Activity against Acyltransferase

Objective To identify the active compounds from the barks of Betula platyphylla for inhibitory on diacylglycerol acyltransferase(DGAT1).Methods Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of DGAT1 inhibitory activity of lupane triterpenes.Results Ten compounds were identified as lupenone(1),lupeol(2),betulinic acid(3),betulinaldehyde(4),betulin(5),3-deoxybetulonic acid(6),glochidonol(7),lup-20/29-ene-1β/3β-diol(8),3α-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-23,28-dioic acid(9),and 3α,11α-dihydroxy-23-oxo-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid(10).Compounds 3-6,9,and 10 inhibited DGAT1 with IC50 values ranging from(11.2±0.3)to(38.6±1.2)μmol/L.Conclusion Compounds 6,9,and 10 are first isolated from the barks of B.platyphylla.,and compounds 3-6,9,and 10 from the barks of B.platyphylla are responsible for the inhibition on DGAT1.     

In vitro Activity of Diospyrin and Derivatives against Leishmania donovani,Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Diospyrin and its four synthetic derivatives were tested in vitro against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma cruzi in macrophages and extracellular Trypansoma brucei brucei bloodstream form trypomastigotes. Diospyrin was inactive against L. donovani but had ED₅₀ values of 27 and 50 μm , respectively, against T. cruzi and T.b. brucei . The dimethyl ether derivative was more active than the parent compound against T. cruzi and T.b. brucei , but the hydroquinonoid form was the most active antiparasitic agent with ED₅₀ values of 2.2 and 0.7 μm , respectively, against L. donovani and T.b. brucei .     

Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Polyisoprenylated Benzophenones Nemorosone and Guttiferone A

Polyisoprenylated benzophenones have been isolated from plants, particularly in the Clusiaceae family, and their biological properties recently have received considerable attention from a pharmacological point of view. The aim of the study was to investigate the polyisoprenylated benzophenones, nemorosone and guttiferone A, for their antimicrobial effect against a panel of bacteria, fungi and protozoan parasites. They showed a moderate activity against the Gram‐positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, while no activity was demonstrated against Escherichia coli and the fungi Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans. An interesting activity was found for Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ values lower than 1 μm , while cytotoxicity on MRC‐5 cells revealed CC₅₀ values of 15.5 and 12.0 μm , respectively, for nemorosone and guttiferone A. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定人血浆中伪麻黄碱、O-去甲基右美沙芬和苯海拉明的浓度

 目的建立同时测定人血浆中伪麻黄碱、苯海拉明和O-去甲基右美沙芬的液相色谱-串联质谱方法。方法血浆中加入内标酚妥拉明后,进行固相萃取,以甲醇-0.5%甲酸水溶液(55∶45)为流动相,经C₁₈柱分离后;采用三重四极杆串联质谱,电喷雾离子源(ESI),以正离子多反应监测(MRM)方式进行定量分析,用于监测的离子为m/z 166.4→m/z 115.2(伪麻黄碱),m/z258.2→m/z157.1(O-去甲基右美沙芬),m/z256.2→m/z167.2(苯海拉明),m/z282.2→m/z212.2(内标,酚妥拉明)。结果线性范围为伪麻黄碱1.0～200μg·L^-1(r=0.9993),O-去甲基右美沙芬为0.05～10μg·L^-1(r=0.9991),苯海拉明为1.0～200μg·L^-1(r=0.9988);提取回收率为伪麻黄碱在67.4%～73.4%之间,O-去甲基右美沙芬在74.6%～75.7%之间,苯海拉明在81.9%～83.9%之间,日内、日间RSD均小于6.2%,伪麻黄碱、苯海拉明和O-去甲基右美沙芬的最低定量浓度分别为1.0,1.0和0.05μg·L^-1。结论该方法专属性强、灵敏度高、准确,适用于伪麻黄碱、O-去甲基右美沙芬、苯海拉明的临床药动学研究。     

高效液相-串联质谱测定血浆中依西美坦的浓度

 目的建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱的方法测定人血浆内的依西美坦浓度,对两种制剂进行人体生物等效性研究。方法采用Lichrospher C₁₈(4.6mm×150mm,5μm)色谱柱;柱温25℃;流动相为甲醇-水(含0.05%甲酸)(80∶20);流速为1.0mL·min^-1;通过液相串联质谱,大气压化学电离(APCI),以选择反应监测(SRM)方式进行检测;检测离子为依西美坦m/z 296.8[M+H]⁺→121[M+H]⁺,非那雄胺(内标)m/z373.2[M+H]⁺→305.2[M+H]⁺。结果依西美坦的线性范围为0.0994～39.76μg·L^-1,依西美坦受试制剂和参比制剂的t_1/2分别为(13.37±4.62)和(15.65±5.89)h,ρ^max分别为(19.97±8.51)和(20.04±9.16)μg·L^-1,t_max分别为(0.95±0.39)和(0.90±0.29)h,AUC_0-72分别为(95.64±26.87)和(96.73±25.97)μg·h·L^-1,AUC_0-∞分别为(100.47±28.76)和(114.59±62.32)μg·h·L^-1。结论该方法简便、灵敏度高,两制剂生物等效。     

高效液相色谱法测定水红花子中芦丁与槲皮苷的含量

 目的用高效液相色谱法测定水红花子中芦丁与槲皮苷的含量。方法芦丁的含量采用Shimadzu C₁₈柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.05%H₃PO₄溶液(42:58),流速1.0mL·min^-1,检测波长254nm,柱温25℃,用外标法定量;采用Shimadzu C₁₈柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.2%H₃PO₄溶液(45:55),流速1.0mL·min^-1,检测波长350nm,柱温室温,用外标法定量,测定槲皮苷的含量。结果芦丁的线性范围0.053～0.53μg,r=0.9999;槲皮苷的线性范围0.40～2.00μg,r=0.9996。结论该方法简便,快速,线性关系良好。     

离子色谱法测定膦甲酸钠注射液含量及有关物质

 目的 建立离子色谱法测定膦甲酸钠注射液含量和有关物质的测定方法。方法 色谱柱为Dionex Ionpac AG₁₈(4 mm×50 mm,13 μm)+AS₁₈(4 mm×250 mm,7.5 μm),以在线EG发生罐产生KOH作为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL·min^-1,电导检测,柱温30 ℃。结果 膦甲酸钠线性范围2～100 μg·mL^-1,相关系数r=0.999 8,检出限0.3 μg·mL^-1,杂质亚磷酸根和磷酸根线性范围0.05～2 μg·mL^-1,相关系数分别为r=0.999 9和r=0.999 8。膦甲酸钠日内精密度RSD为0.35%（n=5）,日间精密度0.41%（n=5）。平均加样回收率101%。结论 本方法快速、灵敏,专属性强,适用于膦甲酸钠注射液含量及有关物质亚磷酸根和磷酸根的测定。     

RP-HPLC测定西洛他唑的血药浓度及药动学研究

 目的建立RP-HPLC测定人血浆中西洛他唑含量,并研究西洛他唑片在健康人体内的药动学。方法色谱柱为HypersilODS-2(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)柱,流动相为乙腈-水(45∶55),流速1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温35℃,检测波长254 nm。结果西洛他唑在25～2 000μg·L^-1内线性关系良好(r=0.999 2),血浆最低检测浓度为10μg·L^-1,日内及日间RSD均小于6%,在3种不同浓度下,平均回收率分别为102.71%,102.03%和99.01%。人体药动学研究表明,药-时曲线符合二房室模型,主要药动学参数t_max 3.7 h,ρ_max749.2μg·L^-1,AUC_0～48 10 088.5μg·h·L^-1,t_1/2α 2.5 h,t_1/2β11.9 h。结论此法简便、灵敏、准确、稳定,可用于药物分析,其药动学参数可为临床合理用药提供理论依据。     

HPLC测定血浆中黄豆苷元浓度及其人体药动学研究

 目的建立HPLC测定人血浆中黄豆苷元浓度的方法,进行其人体药动学研究。方法以氟康唑为内标,血浆样品经预处理后,选用HypersilODS₂色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),甲醇-水(49∶51)为流动相,流速1.0mL·min^-1,室温260nm处测定。结果黄豆苷元血浓度线性范围为5～640μg·L^-1,最低定量浓度为5μg·L^-1;相对回收率为89.53%～110.35%,绝对回收率为61.24%～85.04%,日内、日间变异系数均<12%。黄豆苷元药动学参数t_1/2为(3.863±0.983)h,ρ_max(192.261±115.077)μg·L^-1,t_max(0.900±0.409)h,AUC_0～12(490.839±162.855)μg·h·L^-1,AUC_0～∞(535.279±163.190)μg·h·L^-1。结论本法分离效果良好,灵敏度高,重现性好,回收率高,日内、日间误差小,适用于黄豆苷元人体药动学及生物利用度研究。     

HPLC测定柴黄片中柴胡皂苷b1、b2的含量

 目的 建立柴黄片制剂中柴胡皂苷b₁、b₂的HPLC含量测定方法 。 方法 采用Hypersil C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm;流动相：甲醇-水（75∶25;流速：1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长：254 nm;柱温：30 ℃。 结果 柴胡皂苷b₁的线性范围为0.015～0.120 μg（r=0.999 5,柴胡皂苷b₂的线性范围为0.057～0.456 μg（r=0.999 8,柴胡皂苷b₁、b₂的平均加样回收率分别为97.2%、96.9%,RSD分别为2.0%、1.6%。结论 本方法 简便、可靠、重现性好,可用于柴黄片中柴胡皂苷b₁、b₂的含量测定,为完善含柴胡类成方制剂的质量评价体系提供参考。     

Inhibition of phospholipase C activity by auriculatin and 8-prenylluteone isolated from Erythrina senegalensis

Auriculatin and 8-prenylluteone were isolated from Erythrina senegalensis (Leguminosae) as inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC) and phosphoinositides (PI)-turnover in PLC-γ1 overexpressing NIH3T3 fibroblasts (NIH3T3γ1). Auriculatin (1) and 8-prenylluteone (2) showed inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 20 μm on PLC in vitro as well as the formation of inositol phosphates in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated NIH3T3γ1 cells. They also showed a moderate cytotoxicity against several human tumour cell lines with an IC₅₀ of 9.0–20 μm , i.e. PC-3 (prostate), NCI-H226 (lung), CRL1579 (melanoma) in vitro. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

LC-MS测定人血浆中盐酸舍曲林的浓度及相对生物利用度

 目的建立人血浆中盐酸舍曲林浓度的LC-ESI-MS测定方法,研究盐酸舍曲林在健康人体内的药动学行为,评价两种制剂的生物等效性。方法血浆样品经碱化后,环己烷提取,HPLC-ESI-MS内标法分析。检测离子为m/z 306.2(盐酸舍曲林加氢离子)、m/z 306.1(内标扎来普隆加氢离子)。20名健康受试者交叉口服供试片和参比片,剂量均为50 mg。结果盐酸舍曲林测定的线性范围为0.5～30μg·L^-1;盐酸舍曲林受试制剂和参比制剂的t_max分别为(4.8±0.8)和(5.1±1.3)h,ρ_max分别为(15.86±2.78)和(15.24±2.52)μg·L^-1,t_1/2分别为(29.53±5.40)和(29.32±5.02)h,AUC_{0～96 h}分别为(338.0±29.34)和(347.96±41.0)μg·h·L^-1。结论本法灵敏、准确、简便。统计学结果表明,两种制剂生物等效。     

氧氟沙星片人体生物利用度研究

 目的：检测两种氧氟沙星片剂的生物利用度是否有差异。方法：9名志愿者交叉服用两种氧氟沙星片剂，用反相HPLC测定其血药浓度。结果：测得主要药物动力学参数为：试验片剂T_1/2=6.08±0.81 h,Tm=1.04±0.47 h,cm=3.02±0.69 μg/ml,AUC=19.61±0.99 (μg·h)/ml；对照片剂T_1/2=5.44±0.92 h,Tm=0.91±0.47 h,cm=2.95±0.75 μg/ml,AUC=19.20±1.51 (μg·h)/ml。结论：两种不同厂家生产的氧氟沙星片剂的生物利用度无明显差异     

高效液相色谱法测定人肝微粒体中帕洛诺司琼的浓度

 目的研究帕洛诺司琼的体外代谢,建立人肝微粒体中帕洛诺司琼的反相高效液相色谱测定法。方法帕洛诺司琼与人肝微粒体共孵育之后用乙醚提取,采用地非三唑为内标,以Diamonsil C₁₈柱(4.6mm×200mm,5μm)为分析柱,0.01μmol·L^-1KH₂PO₄(pH3.0)-甲醇(30∶70)为流动相,流速1.0mL·min^-1,紫外检测波长为241nm。结果帕洛诺司琼在1～100μmol·L^-1内线性关系良好(r=0.9999,n=5),检测限为0.05μmol·L^-1(S/N≥3),定量限为(0.21±0.04)μmol·L^-1(n=5)。方法提取回收率和方法回收率平均分别为89.7%和100.0%,日内,日间RSD均<10%(n=5)。结论此法简便,准确,可用于研究帕洛诺司琼在人肝微粒体中的代谢。     

RP-HPLC测定依达拉奉注射液中L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐含量

 目的 建立柱前衍生化RP-HPLC测定依达拉奉注射液中L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐含量的方法。方法 以2,4-二硝基氯苯为柱前衍生化试剂,采用C₁₈色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.014 mol·L^-1磷酸氢二钾溶液（50∶50）（磷酸调pH 8.2）,检测波长360 nm,流速1.0 mL·min^-1。结果 L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐衍生物在0.012 9～0.077 6 μg内与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 0）;平均回收率99.0%,RSD为1.9%（n=9）。结论 本方法可用于依达拉奉注射液中L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐含量的检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定人血浆中布洛芬

 目的建立快速、灵敏的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)方法测定人血浆中布洛芬。方法血浆样品经液-液萃取后,以乙腈-甲醇-5 mmol·L^-1醋酸铵-甲酸(450∶450∶100∶0.062 5)作为流动相,采用Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C₁₈柱分离,通过电喷雾电离源以多反应监测(MRM)方式进行负离子检测。用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z205→m/z161(布洛芬)和m/z229→m/z185(内标,萘普生)。结果人血浆中布洛芬测定的线性范围为50.0～25 000μg·L^-1,定量下限为50.0μg·L^-1,日内、日间精密度(RSD)均小于8.5%,准确度(RE)在±2.5%以内,每个样品测试时间仅为4.0 min。结论pH值是影响布洛芬色谱行为和质谱响应的主要因素,优化后的方法具有快速、灵敏等特点,适用于布洛伪麻片中布洛芬的生物利用度和生物等效性研究。     

Evodiamine inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced activator protein 1 transactivation and cell transformation in human hepatocytes

Evodia rutaecarpa has been used to treat inflammatory digestive disorders in Asian countries. However, little is known about the antitumor activities of E. rutaecarpa and its bioactive constituent evodiamine (EVO). The aim of this study was to characterize the antitumor mechanisms of E. rutaecarpa and EVO in human hepatocytes. Human Chang liver cells were transfected with activator protein 1 (AP‐1)‐luciferase reporter gene and designated as Chang/AP‐1 cells. The Chang/AP‐1 cells were treated with E. rutaecarpa and its bioactive constituents, and challenged with the AP‐1 stimulator 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐ acetate (TPA). The present study showed that the methanol extract of E. rutaecarpa decreased the TPA‐induced AP‐1 transactivation in Chang/AP‐1 cells, with an EC₅₀ value of 24.72 μg/mL. EVO inhibited the TPA‐induced AP‐1 transactivation and colony formation, with EC₅₀ values of 82 μm and 8.2 μm , respectively. Moreover, EVO significantly diminished the TPA‐induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs). These results suggested that EVO treatment suppressed the TPA‐induced AP‐1 activity via the ERKs pathway. In conclusion, EVO inhibited the AP‐1 activity and cellular transformation in human hepatocytes, suggesting that EVO was a potential agent for antitumor therapy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

LC-ESI-MS/MS快速测定人血浆中艾司西酞普兰的浓度

 目的建立测定人血浆中艾司西酞普兰浓度的高效液相色谱串联质谱电喷雾法(LC-ESI-MS/MS)。方法以Agilent C₁₈反相柱(Agilent C₁₈ column,2.1 mm×30 mm,3.5μm)为色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-5 mmol·L^-1甲酸铵(75∶25),流速为0.4mL·min^-1,柱温:25℃,以正己烷-异戊醇(95∶5)为提取剂。样品经电喷雾离子源正离子化后,通过三重四级杆串联质谱仪,采用选择反应监测(SRM)对艾司西酞普兰(m/z 325→109)和内标利培酮(m/z 411→191)进行测定。并用此法测定40例患者稳态血药浓度。结果艾司西酞普兰的高、中、低(25,10,0.5μg·L^-1)3个浓度的平均回收率分别为99.16%、99.94%和92.28%,日内(n=5)、日间(n=3)RSD均小于10%;分析方法的最低定量限为0.2μg·L^-1。线性范围为:0.2～50μg·L^-1,回归方程为Y=0.394 2ρ+0.020 5,r=0.999 4(n=8)。结论该方法灵敏、准确、简单、快速,可用于临床血浓监测和药动学研究。     

人血浆中盐酸二甲双胍HPLC测定法

 目的建立人血浆中盐酸二甲双胍高效液相色谱测定方法。方法取200μL血浆,加入雷尼替丁(ranitidine)为内标,以400μL乙腈沉淀蛋白,上清液与二氯甲烷混合离心后,取上层水相进样分析。流动相:乙腈-0.05 mol·L^-1NaH₂PO₄-0.05 mol·L^-1Na₂HPO₄(75∶25∶5);流速1.0 mL·min^-1,紫外检测波长236 nm,室温操作。结果二甲双胍与内标分离良好,保留时间分别为12.5和11.6 min。标准曲线范围0.025～4.0 mg·L^-1,线性良好(r=0.999 5,n=5),批间RSD为2.46%～4.96%(n=5),批内RSD为1.85%～3.97%(n=10),最低检测限为0.01 mg·L^-1`。二甲双胍在检测过程中保持稳定。结论本方法取样量小,操作快速简便,专一性强,灵敏度高,可满足药动学研究需要。