罗库溴铵、维库溴铵及阿曲库铵肌松效应的临床比较

目的　比较罗库溴铵、维库溴铵及阿曲溴铵的肌松效应。方法　 30例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级全麻手术病人随机分为三组 ,各组分别于气管插管后注入相当于 2倍ED95剂量的罗库溴铵 (0 .6mg/Kg)、维库溴铵 (0 .1mg/Kg)及阿曲库锭铵 (0 .4mg/Kg) ,观察各药的起效时间、临床作用时间及术毕恢复指数。结果 :罗库溴铵的起效时间为 (1.6± 0 .7)min ,明显快于阿曲库铵的 (2 .1± 1.2 )min及维库溴铵 (3.6± 1.7)min ,罗库溴铵的临床作用时间及恢复指数为 (36 .2± 16 .2 )min与 (12 .7± 5 .2 )min ,与维库溴铵相近似。结论 :罗库溴铵具有起效快、中时效、副作用少的特点。     

艾司洛尔对维库溴铵/阿曲库铵肌松时效的影响

目的探讨艾司洛尔对维库溴铵、阿曲库铵肌松时效的影响.方法45例ASA(Ⅰ,Ⅱ)级择期手术的全麻惠者,随机分为4组,Ⅰ组10例,静注维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg(2×ED95);Ⅲ组10例,静注阿曲库铵0.5mg/kg(2×ED95);心率超过基础值的30%时,Ⅱ组15例,Ⅳ组10例,均给予艾司洛尔2mg/kg,用生理盐水稀释至5 ml,10秒左右静注,1min后分别静注与Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组同等剂量的维库溴铵或阿曲库铵.用Biometer加速度仪监测肌松情况.结果Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组维库溴铵T190%恢复时间(min)分别为49.9±12.2和60.6±8.8,Ⅱ组明显延长(P＜0.05);Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组阿曲库铵T190%恢复时间(min)分别为54.8±6.5和66.3±14.2,Ⅳ组明显延长(P＜0.05),两组恢复指数(min)分别为10.6±2.3和17.9±7.0,Ⅳ组明显延长(P＜0.01),其余各指标Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组相比,差异均无统计学意义.结论艾司洛尔能延长维库溴铵、阿曲库铵T190%恢复时间以及阿曲库铵的恢复指数.     

利多卡因对维库溴铵神经肌肉阻滞作用的影响

【目的】观察利多卡因对溴铵神经肌肉阻滞作用的影响。【方法】择期五官科经鼻内窥镜手术患者60例,ASA级Ⅰ-Ⅲ,随机分为4组:ED95维库溴铵组(A组)、ED95维库溴铵 利多卡因组(B组)、2倍ED95维库溴铵组(C组)、2倍ED95维库溴铵 利多卡因组(D组)。用4个成串刺激监测4组病人静注维库溴铵后的时效关系。【结果】维库溴铵起效时间、临床作用时间、T175％恢复时间及恢复指数A、B两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C、D两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组的维库溴铵起效时间明显短于A组(P<0.05)而临床作用时间、T175％恢复时间较A组明显延长(P<0.05),恢复指数两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】临床常用剂量利多卡因对维库溴铵神经肌肉阻滞作用无明显影响。     

顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵和维库溴铵在腹部手术全麻中的应用比较

目的探讨顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵和维库溴铵在腹部手术行静吸复合全麻诱导起效及肌松恢复时间的效应以及对循环的影响。方法选择20～60岁ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行腹部手术的患者60例,随机分为顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵组(C组,n=30)和维库溴铵组(V组,n=30)。以咪达唑仑、芬太尼和丙泊酚诱导,分别以瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚静脉泵注、順苯磺酸阿曲库铵或维库溴铵间断静脉注射,七氟醚吸入维持,观察患者肌肉松弛起效、完善插管时间和肌松恢复时间及用药前后血流动力学指标(HR、MAP)。结果两组均无明显的血流动力学改变及剂量依赖性的组胺释放作用;顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间较维库溴铵慢,肌松恢复时间较维库溴铵短。结论顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵在全麻诱导起效时间较维库溴铵慢,维持肌松时效短,而且不经肝肾代谢,更适合于短小手术及肝肾功能障碍患者。     

阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵量-效关系和恢复时相的比较

目的：对比观察阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵的量-效关系和恢复时相特征。方法：选择60例ASAⅠ级，年龄18～50岁，施择期整形外科手术的患者，随机平均分成阿曲库铵组和罗库溴铵组。用60％NO2-O2-硫喷妥钠-芬太尼维持麻醉；通过加速度仪监测神经肌肉功能，采用TOF刺激方式，以T1抑制的百分比为研究指标。采用累计给药方法建立阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵的量撤关系曲线。结果：根据量-效关系曲线，阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵的作用强度比率为1：1．2，两药的ED90、ED90和ED90均有显著性差别。应用等效剂量（1．5×ED95）后，两药的高峰时间、临床作用时间和体内作用时间具有显著性差别，但恢复时间无显著性差别。结论：阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵均是弱效能的中效非去极化肌肉松弛药。与阿曲库铵相比，罗库溴铵的作用强度大约弱20％。而且作用时间较短。     

阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵量效关系和恢复时相的比较

目的:观察阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵的量效关系和恢复时相特征。方法:选择60例ASAⅠ级,择期腹部手术的患者,随机平均分成阿曲库铵组和罗库溴铵组。用60%NO2-O2-硫喷妥钠-芬太尼维持麻醉。用加速度仪监测神经肌肉功能,采用TOF刺激方式,以T1抑制的百分比为指标。用累计给药方法建立阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵的量效关系曲线。结果:阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵的作用强度比率为1∶1.2,两药的ED50、ED90和ED95均有明显差别。应用等效剂量(1.5×ED95)后,两药的高峰时间、临床肌松时间和体内作用时间具有明显差别,但恢复时间则无差别。结论:阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵均是弱效能的中效非去极化肌松药。阿曲库铵比罗库溴铵的作用强度高20%,且作用时间较短。     

顺式阿曲库铵与维库溴铵对行眼科手术的小儿患者的时效

目的 比较顺式阿曲库铵与维库溴铵复合剂量用于眼科手术小儿患者时神经肌肉阻滞的时效.方法 180例美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级行眼科斜视矫正术的患儿,随机分为顺式阿曲库铵组和维库溴铵组,每组90例.麻醉诱导:两组分别静脉注射0.15 mg/kg顺式阿曲库铵或0.1 mg/kg维库溴铵.麻醉维持:T1恢复至25%时两组分别静脉注射0.03 mg/kg顺式阿曲库铵、0.02 mg/kg维库溴铵.予首次剂量后2 min评估插管条件.采用ToF-Guard肌松监测仪对尺神经行连续4个成串(TOF)刺激,监测拇内收肌肌颤搐变化.记录首次给药后肌松持续时间(首次给药到T1恢复至25%的时间),重复给药后的肌松持续时间(重复给药到T1恢复至25%的时间)、最后给药的肌松持续时间(最后给药到T1恢复至25%的时间),自主呼吸完全恢复时间(最后给药到T4/T1=0.8的时间)和肌松恢复指数(自T1恢复至25%到T4/T1=0.8的时间).结果 顺式阿曲库铵组首次给药后肌松持续时间显著长于维库溴铵组(P＜0.01),两组重复给药后的肌松持续时间、最后剂量的肌松持续时间、肌松恢复指数、自主呼吸完全恢复时间的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).顺式阿曲库铵组≤12个月的患儿首次给药后肌松持续时间显著长于维库溴铵组(P＜0.01);顺式阿曲库铵组≤12个月的患儿肌松恢复指数显著短于维库溴铵组(P＜0.01).两种药物都提供了良好的插管条件,差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 顺式阿曲库铵的恢复指数明显短于维库溴铵,更适合小儿,尤其是＜12个月的行眼科手术的患儿.     

注射用顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵和维库溴铵用于全麻诱导和维持时间的比较

目的探讨顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵和维库溴铵在静吸复合麻醉诱导起效及麻醉维持时间的比较。方法选择3～80岁,美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）Ⅰ～Ⅲ级患者60例,随机分为（A组）顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵组（B组）维库溴铵组。每组各30例,以芬太尼和丙泊酚与其诱导及维持,观察患者肌肉松弛起效及完善插管时间和肌松恢复时间。结果顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间稍慢,肌松恢复时间较维库溴铵短。结论顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵在全麻诱导起效时间较维库溴铵稍慢,维持肌松时效短,而且不经肝肾代谢,更适合于短小手术及肝肾功能障碍患者。     

注射用顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵和维库溴铵用于全麻诱导和维持时间的比较

目的 探讨顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵和维库溴铵在静吸复合麻醉诱导起效及麻醉维持时间的比较.方法 选择3～80岁,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)Ⅰ～Ⅲ级患者60例,随机分为(A组)顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵组(B组)维库溴铵组.每组各30例,以芬太尼和丙泊酚与其诱导及维持,观察患者肌肉松弛起效及完善插管时间和肌松恢复时间.结果 顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间稍慢,肌松恢复时间较维库溴铵短.结论 顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵在全麻诱导起效时间较维库溴铵稍慢,维持肌松时效短,而且不经肝肾代谢,更适合于短小手术及肝肾功能障碍患者.     

顺式阿曲库铵在成人麻醉中的肌松效应及对血流动力学的影响

目的:观察顺式阿曲库铵的肌松效应及其对血流动力学的影响,了解该药在成人麻醉气管插管中的作用特点.方法:选择需在气管内插管麻醉下行择期手术的成人患者60例,随机均分为A、B、C三组.A组顺式阿曲库铵2倍95%有效剂量0.1mg/kg,2ED95;B组0.15mg/kg,3ED95;C组0.20mg/kg,4ED95.静脉诱导麻醉,观察心率、血压和全身皮肤情况以及TOF的变化,记录阻滞起效时间、阻滞维持时间、肌松恢复指数、体内作用时间,并对插管条件进行评级.结果:三组均能完成插管,但3ED95与4ED95的顺式阿曲库铵插管条件优于2ED95,3ED95剂量的顺式阿曲库铵为获得满意气管插管条件的最小剂量.随顺式阿曲库铵剂量的增加,阻滞起效时间相应缩短(P＜0.01),阻滞维持时间及体内作用时间相应延长(P＜0.01),肌松恢复指数各组间无明显差异;注药前后的血液动力学变化亦无显著性差异.结论:顺式阿曲库铵无剂量依赖的组胺释放作用,对血流动力学亦无明显影响,随剂量的增加起效时间相应缩短,肌松作用时间延长.3ED95顺式阿曲库铵剂量用于成人的全麻插管较为合适.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.