探针式泪道冲洗针治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞

目的观察探针式泪道冲洗针治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的临床疗效。方法对83例（86眼）先天性鼻泪管阻塞的婴幼儿用探针式泪道冲洗针冲洗探通治疗进行观察分析。结果83例（86眼）先天性鼻泪管阻塞，全部探通治愈，其中1次探通治愈78眼（90．70％），2次探通治愈6眼（6．98％），3次探通治愈2眼（2．32％）。无1例出现假道或下泪点撕裂，无并发急性泪囊炎。结论厢探针式泪道冲洗针冲洗探通治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞是有效的方法。     

泪道激光成形术与探通术治疗先天性泪道阻塞的比较

目的探讨先天性泪道阻塞的激光成形术与传统探通术效果比较。方法应用Nd：YAG泪道激光治疗仪击射鼻泪管阻塞处,抗菌素冲洗至畅通,探通组常规探通后加压冲洗。结果激光组66眼,一次治愈64眼占96．97%；探通组70眼,一次治愈58眼占82．86%。二者比较P＜0．05,差异有显著性。结论激光泪道成形术一次成功率高,对治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞是行之有效的方法。     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞不同年龄采用不同方法的治疗效果

目的探讨先天性鼻泪管阻塞根据不同年龄采用不同方法治疗效果。方法选取在本院接受治疗并有随诊记录的先天性鼻泪管阻塞的患儿97例（117眼）。根据年龄大小的不同而分别采取泪囊按摩、加压冲洗及泪道探通3种治疗方法并行疗效统计。结果年龄1～3个月患儿42例（52眼）,选用泪囊挤压按摩法,31眼治愈,占59．62％。4个月～1岁患儿34例（41眼）,选用加压冲洗法,一次治愈36眼,占87．80％。1～2岁患儿21例（24眼）,选用泪道探通法,一次治愈18眼,占75．00％。结论根据年龄大小,选择性采取泪囊挤压按摩、加压冲洗及泪道探通更为合理而有效治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞。     

婴幼儿鼻泪管阻塞的治疗

目的探讨婴幼儿鼻泪管阻塞治疗方法、时机。方法婴幼儿鼻泪管阻塞1142例（1280眼）均在局麻下采用冲洗式泪道探通术治疗。随访6～18月。结果出生后1月内、1～6月、7～12月、1～3岁、4～5岁、6～14岁一次治愈率分别为100．00％、97．91％、93．86％、84．62％、80．00％、37．50％。结论冲洗式泪道探通术治疗婴幼儿鼻泪管阻塞安全可靠，疗效好，出生后3月内为最佳治疗时机。     

婴幼儿先天性泪囊炎鼻泪管探通术操作体会

目的：探讨先天性泪囊炎鼻泪管探通术的阻塞性质与疗效预测的关系及其并发症的分析。方法：对474例3-47个月（平均25个月）婴幼儿先天性泪囊炎患儿作鼻泪管探通术的治疗进行回顾性分析。结果：在474例9494只眼）患儿中，存在膜性阻力的有360眼，治愈356眼，占98.89%；不存在阻力有122眼，治愈107眼，占85.25%；遇到狭窄的有12眼，治愈8眼，占66.67%；发生泪小管撕裂有3眼，皮下水肿1眼，未发生出血，感染，眼球损伤和窒息等并发症。结论：发现鼻泪管探通术的阻塞性质与疗效有密切关系。另外，婴幼儿鼻泪管探通术要求技术熟练，动作轻巧和固定良好，才能把并发症的发生率降到最低。     

婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的综合治疗

目的探讨应用抗生素眼液滴眼加泪囊区按摩法、泪道加压冲洗法、鼻泪管探通术综合治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的临床应用价值及治疗效果.方法回顾自2000年11月～2005年5月在我院眼科门诊治疗的382例(419眼)婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的病历资料,首诊年龄3d～6y.根据患者年龄和症状分别采用抗生素眼液滴眼加泪囊区按摩法、泪道加压冲洗法、鼻泪管探通术的综合治疗进行处理,并随访6个月以上.以无泪溢,眼无分泌物,泪道冲洗通畅或极少返流为治愈标准.结果综合治疗治愈率97.1%,其中5.5%为抗生素眼液滴眼加泪囊区按摩法治愈,11.2%为泪道加压冲洗法治愈,80.4%鼻泪管探通术治愈.2.9%的病例未愈,2.3%病例发生并发症.结论综合治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞是行之有效且风险较小的一种治疗方法.(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2006,6:97～98)     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞的治疗

目的探讨先天性鼻泪管阻塞的治疗效果。方法选取在本院接受治疗并有随诊记录的先天性鼻泪管阻塞的患儿共97例(117眼)。根据年龄大小的不同而分别采取泪囊按摩、加压冲洗及泪道探通三种治疗方法并行疗效统计。结果年龄1∽3个月患儿42例(52眼),选用泪囊挤压按摩法,31眼治愈,占59.62%。4月~1岁患儿34例(41眼),选用加压冲洗法,一次治愈36眼,占87.80%。1~2岁患儿21例(24眼),选用泪道探通法,一次治愈18眼,占75.00%。结论根据年龄大小,选择性采取泪囊挤压按摩、加压冲洗及泪道探通更为合理而有效治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞。     

探通术加四环素可的松眼膏联合治疗泪道阻塞

目的：探讨机械疏通联合应用四环素可的松眼膏留置泪道治疗泪道塞的疗效。方法：常规方法下对17例17眼泪道阻塞（主要是泪囊至鼻泪管处阻塞／狭窄,以下简称下段泪道阻塞／狭窄）行探通术,留针20分钟后边退空心针、边向泪道内注入四环素可的松眼膏。结果12例溢泪消失,冲睛道通畅为治愈（占70．6％）;2例轻度泪溢、冲洗泪道稍有阻力为有效（占（11．8％）,3例仍溢泪、冲洗泪道不通为无效（占17．6％）。结论泪道探通术联合应用四环素可的松眼膏治疗泪道阻塞总有效率达82．4％。应用探通术加四环素可的松眼膏留置泪道是治疗下段泪道塞的有效方法。     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞的综合治疗

目的　先天性鼻泪管阻塞是婴幼儿常见的眼病 ,其处理历来存在争议。本文的研究目的是探讨应用滴抗菌素眼液加泪囊挤压按摩、泪道加压冲洗及鼻泪管探通术的综合治疗方法对先天性鼻泪管阻塞患儿的临床应用价值及其治疗效果。方法我们回顾性分析了 4 83例 54 7眼 ,从 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月在中山眼科中心小儿眼科门诊治疗的先天性鼻泪管阻塞的病例资料 ,首诊平均年龄为 11.8个月。根据患者的年龄和症状 ,分别采用滴抗菌素眼液加泪囊挤压按摩 ,泪道加压冲洗及鼻泪管探通的综合治疗方法进行处理 ,并观察随访 3个月以上 ,症状消失作为治愈的指标。结果　综合治疗方法对先天性鼻泪管阻塞总的治愈率为 97.3 % .其中 6.1%病例用滴抗菌素眼液加泪囊挤压按摩法治愈 ;8.2 %病例用泪道加压冲洗法治愈 ;83 %的病例用鼻泪管探通术治愈。共有 15例患儿在治疗中发生并发症。结论　综合治疗方法对先天性鼻泪管阻塞患儿是安全有效的处理方法。     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞92例的治疗体会

先天性鼻泪管阻塞是婴幼儿常见眼病,是因鼻泪管下端膜状物阻塞引起,泪管若有继发感染,则形成新生儿泪囊炎[1]。先天性鼻泪管阻塞经单纯泪囊按摩、滴药和泪道冲洗多能治愈,新生儿泪囊炎经上述治疗效果差,而进行探通、冲洗、给药系列治疗,效果满意。我院自2000年1月~2006年1月采用探通、冲洗、给药方法治疗92例100眼先天性鼻泪管阻塞患者,现将结果报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料先天性鼻泪管阻塞患者92例100眼,其中女48例53眼,男44例47眼;年龄3个月~3岁,平均11个月。慢性泪囊炎者38眼。1.2方法(1)首次就诊均嘱家长用无名指按摩泪囊区4~5下…     

慢性泪囊炎三种手术方式临床观察

目的　观察泪囊鼻腔吻合术、鼻泪管逆行硅胶管植入术及鼻泪管激光重建术治疗慢性泪囊炎的临床疗效。方法　将慢性泪囊炎患者2 43例(3 0 4眼)按照随机的原则分成3组:第1组(泪囊鼻腔吻合术组) ,第2组(鼻泪管逆行硅胶管植入术组) ,第3组(鼻泪管激光重建术组) ,观察手术后连续1月溢泪及冲洗泪道通畅情况。结果　第1组10 2眼中治愈92眼(90 . 19%) ;第2组10 1眼中治愈79眼(78 .2 2 %) ;第3组10 1眼治愈92眼(91 .0 9%)。第2组与第1组比较P <0 .0 5 ,差异有显著意义’第3组与第1组比较P >0 . 0 5 ,差异无显著意义。结论　3种术式相比较第1种与第3种手术方法治愈率较高,而且二者相近。但是第3种术式创伤小,对于年老体弱不能接受第1种者尤其适合,此外,它无需皮肤切口,颜面部不留瘢痕,不影响外观,而且操作简便。     

Efficacy of endoscopic guided anterograde 3 mm balloon dacryoplasty with silicone intubation in treatment of acquired partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction in adults

Aim

To report the outcomes of endoscopic guided anterograde 3 mm balloon dacryoplasty with silicone intubation in patients with acquired partial nasolacrimal duct obstructions in adults.

Methods

Retrospective case series, included 21 eyes with partially obstructed nasolacrimal ducts of 12 patients. All the 21 ducts were initially probed and the probe confirmed with an endoscope in the inferior meatus. After confirming the presence of probe in the inferior meatus, a 3 mm balloon was used for dilating the distal and proximal portions of nasolacrimal duct, followed by stenting of ducts with Crawford tubes. Main outcome measures were anatomical patency of the passage and resolution of epiphora.

Results

Of the 12 patients, 9 had bilateral and 3 had unilateral acquired partial nasolacrimal duct obstructions. All the patients underwent bicanalicular stenting under endoscopic guidance which were retained for a period of 12 weeks. A minimum follow up of 6 months following stent removal was considered for final analysis. 15 of the 21 ducts (71%) were freely patent on irrigation but 13 of the 21 reported improvement of epiphora. Two nasolacrimal ducts showed similar partial regurgitation and partial patency on syringing as before with no improvement of symptoms. Four nasolacrimal ducts were completely obstructed with complete regurgitation of fluid on syringing with worsening of the epiphora. Two eyes persisted with symptoms of epiphora despite patent nasolacrimal duct with grade 2 dye retention on dye disappearance test.

Conclusions

3 mm balloon dacryoplasty is an alternative and safe way to manage partial nasolacrimal duct obstructions with an anatomical success in 71% and functional success in 62% of the patients. Further studies with a large sample size and longer follow-up are required to ascertain the long term benefits.     

鼻内镜下改良鼻泪管逆行插管和鼻腔泪囊造孔术疗效比较

目的:比较鼻内镜下改良鼻泪管逆行插管术与鼻腔泪囊造孔术对慢性泪囊炎的疗效。方法:回顾性分析51例53眼慢性泪囊炎患者鼻腔内窥镜下手术治疗效果,其中经鼻内镜下行鼻泪管逆行插管31例32眼,采用鼻腔泪囊造孔术治疗20例21眼,随访6mo。结果:鼻内镜下鼻泪管逆行插管术:治愈15眼,好转12眼,无效5眼,治愈率47%,有效率84%;鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造孔术:治愈14眼,好转5眼,无效2眼,治愈率67%,有效率90%;两组治愈率、有效率比较差异无统计学意义。结论:鼻内镜下改良鼻泪管逆行插管和鼻腔泪囊造孔术均有微创、愈合快、疗效好等优点,其疗效相近,鼻内镜下逆行插管术更简便易行、价格低、容易推广。     

鼻泪管膿液抽吸术治疗新生兒泪囊炎

目的 探讨鼻泪管膿液抽吸術治療新生兒泪囊炎。方法 新生兒泪囊炎用按摩、冲洗泪道、探通泪道治療方法無效者,用6號空心泪道探针抽吸鼻泪管膿液,然后冲洗泪道。结果 36人39眼中32人35眼抽出约0.5-0.6ml不等量的粘稠膿液,再冲洗泪道通畅。使新生兒泪囊炎治愈率提高15.49％。结论 根據婴幼兒泪道解剖特黠和臨床实践,發现部分新生兒泪囊炎患兒泪囊和鼻泪管同时存在横膿,鼻泪管抽吸術作为泪道探通術失败后的一種補充治療方法,可以明顯提高新生兒泪囊炎的治愈率。     

Nd:YAG激光联合药物灌注治疗鼻泪管阻塞

目的评价NdYAG激光联合药物灌注治疗鼻泪管阻塞的效果.方法10g·L-1地卡因结膜表面麻醉,扩张泪点后将已插入光纤的9号空心探针按常规泪道探通法插至鼻泪管阻塞部位,将阻塞部位击穿,用生理盐水加庆大霉素、地塞米松冲洗证实泪道通畅后将四环素可的松眼膏注入泪道.结果本组病例共58例68眼,1次治愈60眼(88.2%),2次治愈6眼,总有效率97.1%.结论NdYAG激光联合药物灌注治疗鼻泪管阻塞操作简单、效果好,无面部瘢痕形成,是常规治疗鼻泪管阻塞的理想术式.     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞探通手术的护理体会

目的　探讨先天性鼻泪管阻塞探通手术的方法和护理。方法　 5 8例 (66眼 )中 ,男 3 4例 (3 8眼 ) ;女 2 4例 (2 8眼 ) ,年龄 5 0天～ 2岁 ,平均 (1.1± 0 .5 )岁。手术方法 :表麻后 ,扩张下泪点 ,用冲洗式探针由下泪点进针行探通术 ,至鼻泪管下端阻塞处刺破隔膜进入鼻腔。结果　 66眼中治愈 63眼 ,治愈率 95 .45 %。结论　先天性鼻泪管阻塞合并泪囊炎采用冲洗式泪道探通术是一种简单有效的治疗方法。     

Inaccuracy of diagnosis in a cohort of patients on the waiting list for dacryocystorhinostomy when the diagnosis was made by only syringing the lacrimal system

PURPOSE: Accurate identification of the factors contributing to epiphora is essential in directing appropriate management and treatment strategies. The authors applied a methodical strategy of assessment for epiphora to patients who were already on the waiting list for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). The findings were compared to the original findings. METHODS: Forty-four eyes of 35 patients listed for DCR were re-examined. All canaliculi were examined using four tests: dye disappearance, Jones 1 (dye retrieval), probing using Bowman probes, and syringing of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) under local anesthesia. Some patients were examined using an endocanalicular mini-endoscope. Patients with NLD obstruction underwent DCR and those with canalicular and NLD stenosis underwent intubation of the lacrimal system-canaliculus, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct-using silicone stents. The authors refer to this as canaliculodacryocystoplasty (CDCP). The patients were assessed for symptoms of epiphora at 12 months. Forty-four eyes had been listed for DCR. They had been originally diagnosed, by means of lacrimal syringing, as NLD obstruction (24 eyes) or stenosis (12 eyes), and functional blocks (8 eyes). RESULTS: Four out of the original 44 planned DCR surgeries were performed after re-evaluation. After re-examination, 28 lacrimal systems were found to have canalicular stenosis, 4 NLD stenosis, 4 NLD obstruction, 4 punctal phimosis, 3 ocular surface disease, and 1 patient was asymptomatic. Twenty-eight lacrimal systems underwent CDCP, 4 underwent DCR, 4 had punctoplasty, and 4 had probing alone. Three had treatment for ocular surface disease and one patient required no treatment. After a follow-up of 12 months, 41 (93%) systems had improvement or were free of their CONCLUSIONS: Syringing of the lacrimal apparatus may result in a high false positive diagnosis of NLD obstruction. Canalicular pathology is not uncommon in this cohort of patients and may be underdiagnosed.     

泪道激光联合置管术治疗泪道阻塞性疾病的疗效观察

目的: 观察激光联合泪道置管治疗泪道阻塞性疾病疗效。方法: 泪道阻塞性疾病患者79例96眼,27眼(22眼泪小管、泪总管阻塞,5眼泪小管合并鼻泪管阻塞)行激光联合泪道引流管植入术;69眼(27眼鼻泪管阻塞,42眼慢性泪囊炎)行激光联合鼻泪管支架植入术。术后给予激素、抗生素眼药水点眼1wk,泪道引流管术后3～6mo顺利拔管,鼻泪管支架,4wk拔管,所有患者随访12mo。结果: 泪道引流管,鼻泪管支架取出后随访12mo,泪溢消失者79眼,泪溢好转者10眼,无效者7眼,泪溢但无脓,总有效率为93%,显效率82%。结论: 根据泪道阻塞部位选择泪道激光联合不同硅胶管植入是治疗泪道阻塞性疾病简便有效的方法,值得在基层医院推广。     

泪道激光再造联合泪道逆行置管治疗泪道阻塞

目的：观察Nd：YAG泪道激光再造成形联合泪道逆行置管术治疗泪道阻塞的临床疗效及影响手术效果的因素。

方法：选取20例23眼泪道阻塞患者行Nd： YAG激光再造成形联合逆行泪道引流管留置3mo,拔管后随访3～ 12mo,观察术前患侧鼻腔情况,术中鼻腔损伤程度、术后流泪和流脓情况、泪道功能恢复及并发症情况。

结果：末次随访时,经此方法治疗各种泪道阻塞的患者治愈19眼(82.6%); 有效2眼(8.7%); 无效2眼(8.7%),总有效率91.3%。其中泪小管阻塞者有效率100%(2/2),泪总管阻塞者有效率100%(15/15),鼻泪管阻塞者有效率66.7%(2/3),泪小管合并鼻泪管阻塞者有效率66.7%(2/3)。1眼术后2wk左右有轻微眼部刺激症状,3眼出现泪小管周围组织红肿不适,2眼出现泪小点撕裂,无1例患者出现假道及泪道插管滑脱,余未见其他并发症发生。

结论：泪道激光再造成形联合逆行泪道引流管留置术治疗泪道阻塞是一种有效的治疗方法。