Impact of high cholesterol intake on tissue cholesterol content and lipid transfers to high-density lipoprotein

Objective

Esterified cholesterol is the storage form of cholesterol in the organism. High-density lipoprotein (HDL), where free cholesterol is transferred from other lipoproteins and tissues, is the main esterification site in plasma. The aim of this study was to investigate how high cholesterol intake changes free/esterified ratios of cholesterol in the plasma, aorta, liver and lipid transfers to HDL.

Methods

Twenty male Golden Syrian hamsters fed 0.5% cholesterol for 15 wk and 19 controls without cholesterol feeding were sacrificed to determine serum lipids, transfer proteins (cholesteryl ester transfer protein and phospholipid transfer protein), and amount of free and esterified cholesterol in the aorta and liver. In vitro transfer of radioactive free and esterified cholesterol, phospholipids, and triacylglycerols to HDL was performed by incubating whole plasma with an artificial nanoemulsion used as a lipid donor and measuring radioactivity in the HDL fraction after chemical precipitation of non-HDL fractions and of the nanoemulsion.

Results

Compared with controls, cholesterol-fed animals showed a 137% increase in non-HDL plasma fraction and a 61% increase in HDL (P < 0.001). The esterified/free cholesterol ratio in non-HDL and HDL fractions did not change. In the aorta, free cholesterol increased 55% and the esterified/free ratio (0.2) decreased. Cholesterol accumulation in the liver was several-fold greater and esterified/free increased (1.3). Cholesterol feeding pronouncedly increased the transfer of free and esterified cholesterol, phospholipids, and triacylglycerols to HDL and cholesteryl ester transfer protein and phospholipid transfer protein activities.

Conclusions

Free cholesterol is cytotoxic and less stable than esterified cholesterol, and the present data on how the organism responds to high cholesterol intake with respect to esterified/free ratios in the plasma, aorta, liver, and lipid transfers to HDL may have physiopathologic implications.     

胆固醇酯转运蛋白基因TaqⅠB多态性和血浆浓度的人群分布特征和相互关系

目的　研究胆固醇酯转运蛋白 (CETP)基因TaqⅠB位点多态性和CETP血浆浓度在自然人群中的分布特征以及两者的关系。方法　 1 999年 9～ 1 0月在北京市自然人群中采用分层随机抽样方法进行横断面调查。测定了 71 9名 45～ 64岁男女两性人群的血浆CETP浓度和CETP基因TaqⅠB多态性。结果　 (1 )B1B1、B1B2和B2B2基因型的频率分别为 0 .356、0 .478和 0 .1 66 ;等位基因B2的频率为 0 .40 5 ;基因型和等位基因频率的分布无性别差异。 (2 )人群中CETP浓度呈正态分布 ,均值为 2 .0 3μg ml;女性比男性高2 0 .3 % (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,各年龄组间的差异无显著性。 (3)B1B1和B1B2型的CETP浓度分别比B2B2型者高 1 9.6 %和 1 3 .4 % ,差异有显著性。 (4)按血脂水平、吸烟、饮酒状况进行分层后 ,仅当甘油三酯≥ 1 50mg dl时 ,不同基因型间CETP浓度的差异无显著性。血脂水平、吸烟、饮酒状况对CETP的影响在B1B2型杂合子中较明显。结论　CETP基因TaqⅠB多态性可影响血浆CETP浓度 ,但这种关系受血脂水平和吸烟、饮酒等因素的影响     

Interactions of the LIPG 584C > T polymorphism and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels

Both endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) 584C > T (rs2000813) polymorphism and alcohol consumption modulate serum lipid levels. But their interactions on serum lipid profiles are not well known. The present study was undertaken to detect the interactions of LIPG 584C > T polymorphism and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels. Genotyping of the LIPG 584C > T was performed in 763 unrelated nondrinkers and 520 drinkers aged 15–85 years. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) AI, and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P < .01 for all). There were no significant differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between nondrinkers and drinkers. The levels of TC, HDL-C, and ApoAI in nondrinkers were different among the three genotypes (P < .05–.01), the subjects with CT genotype had higher TC, HDL-C, and ApoAI levels than the subjects with CC genotype. The levels of HDL-C and ApoAI in drinkers were different among the three genotypes (P < .001 and P < .05; respectively), the individuals with TT genotype had higher HDL-C and ApoAI levels than the individuals with CT and CC genotypes. The interactions between LIPG 584C > T genotypes and alcohol consumption on serum HDL-C (P < .01) and ApoAI levels (P < .05) were also detected by using a factorial regression analysis after controlling for potential confounders. The levels of TC in nondrinkers were correlated with LIPG 584C > T alleles (P < .05), whereas the levels of TG and HDL-C were associated with LIPG 584C > T alleles (P < .05) and genotypes (P < .05), respectively. These results suggest that the subjects with TT genotype benefit more from alcohol consumption than the subjects with CT and CC genotypes in increasing serum HDL-C and ApoAI levels.     

Alcohol,Carbohydrate, and Calcium Intakes and Smoking Interactions with APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788 were Associated with Elevated Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in a Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Adults

BackgroundPlasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations are markedly higher among Asians, which may be associated with the interaction of genetics and lifestyle factors.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic variants that have a strong association with plasma TG concentrations from genome-wide association study and to identify lifestyle interactions with the genetic variants that are associated with dyslipidemia in a cohort of Korean adults.DesignKorean genome and epidemiology study utilized a cross-sectional design of Koreans to determine genetic variants and lifestyle factors, including nutrient intakes, in a retrospective hospital-based city cohort conducted by the Korean Center for Disease and Control during 2004-2013.ParticipantsKorean adults aged 40 to 77 years were participants (n=28,445).Main outcome measuresThe genetic variants that influence plasma TG concentrations were selected by genome-wide association study using an allele genetic model after adjusting for age, sex, area of residence, and body mass index. Lipid profiles and nutrient intakes from food frequency questionnaires were measured. The interactions between the single nucleotide polymorphisms and lifestyle factors were determined to influence plasma TG levels.ResultsCarrying the minor alleles of APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788 had an association with higher plasma TG concentrations by 1.86- and 1.51-fold, respectively, compared with those with the major allele (P=8.89E-150 and P=4.75E-68, respectively). Sex had an interaction with these single nucleotide polymorphisms, with males having higher plasma TG concentrations. The single nucleotide polymorphisms had significant interactions with carbohydrate, fat, and calcium intakes; alcohol consumption; and smoking status that were associated with plasma TG concentrations. Carriers with the minor allele of each single nucleotide polymorphisms had higher plasma TG concentrations when consuming-low fat (<15%) and high carbohydrate (≥72%) diets than those with major alleles. Carriers of the minor alleles with low calcium intakes (<500 mg/day) experienced elevated plasma TG concentrations compared with carriers of the major alleles. Smokers and alcohol drinkers with either of the minor alleles of APOA5, rs662799 or rs2266788, had higher plasma TG concentrations than those with its major allele.ConclusionsThese results indicated that carrying the minor alleles of APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788, especially for men, was associated with elevated TG concentrations and suggested that Korean carriers of the minor alleles could be at increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of modulating lifestyle factors to prevent dyslipidemia in people carrying the minor alleles of APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788.     

Influence of mitochondrial DNA 5178 C/A polymorphism on serum cholesterol changes: a short-term follow-up in middle-aged Japanese men

Objective

The mitochondrial DNA 5178 cytosine/adenine (Mt5178 C/A) polymorphism is reportedly associated with longevity in the Japanese population, and the Mt5178A genotype may exert anti-atherogenic effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were longitudinal differences in serum lipid levels between carriers of the Mt5178C genotype and those of the Mt5178A genotype and to assess the impact of these genotypes on serum cholesterol levels.

Methods

The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) were measured and the Mt5178 C/A genotypes determined in 110 Japanese men aged 41–66 (mean 52.3) years who had received medical checkups twice in the period 1999–2005. The longitudinal changes of TC, HDLC, and LDLC were calculated according to genotype.

Results

The serum levels of TC at baseline and follow-up were significantly different, whereas those of HDLC and LDLC were not. The changes in HDLC differed significantly between the two Mt5178 C/A genotype groups, with the changes in HDLC level being significantly greater in the Mt5178A genotype group than in the Mt5178C group (p = 0.015).

Conclusions

The Mt5178 C/A genotype may modify longitudinal changes in serum TC and HDLC levels in middle-aged Japanese men.     

Exercise attenuates the increase in plasma monounsaturated fatty acids and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not high-density lipoprotein 2b cholesterol caused by high-oleic ground beef in women

We hypothesized that dietary monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and exercise increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) by independent mechanisms, so there would be additive effects between a single, intensive session of exercise and high-MUFA ground beef on HDL-C and blood risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Seventeen postmenopausal women completed a 2-way crossover design in which they consumed five 114-g ground beef patties per week for two 6-week periods separated by a 4-week washout (habitual diet) period. The ground beef patties contained 21% total fat with either 9.97 (low-MUFA) or 12.72 (high-MUFA) g total MUFA. Blood was taken at entry, at the end of each 6-week diet period, after the 4-week washout period, and 24 hours after aerobic exercise sessions (75% VO_2peak, 2.07 MJ). After the ground beef intervention, the high-MUFA ground beef increased plasma palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle density, HDL-C, and HDL_2b-C (all P < .05), whereas the low-MUFA ground beef increased LDL density. After the washout (habitual diet) period, the single exercise session increased serum LDL cholesterol, HDL-C, and HDL_2a and decreased TAG and oleic acid. After the low-MUFA ground beef diet, exercise increased LDL size and HDL density and decreased LDL density and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but had no effect on HDL-C fractions. After the high-MUFA ground beef intervention, exercise decreased palmitioleic acid, oleic acid, HDL-C, and HDL_2a-C, but not HDL_2b-C. Contrary to our hypothesis, the effects of exercise and a high-MUFA diet were not additive; instead, exercise attenuated the effects of the high-MUFA ground beef on HDL-C and plasma MUFAs. The differential effects of high-MUFA ground beef and exercise on HDL_2a-C and HDL_2b-C indicate that diet and exercise affect HDL-C by different mechanisms.     

Effects of alcohol consumption and other lifestyle behaviors on blood pressure for the middle-aged and elderly in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations.

Han is the largest group and Zhuang is the largest minority among the 56 ethnic groups in China. Geographically and linguistically, Zhuang can be classified into 43 ethnic subgroups, in which Hei Yi Zhuang is proved to be the most conservative subgroup. Little is known about the relationship between alcohol consumption and blood pressure levels in this population. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to compare the effects of alcohol consumption and other lifestyle behaviors on blood pressure levels for the middle-aged and elderly in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. A total of 657 subjects of Hei Yi Zhuang aged 40 and older were surveyed by a stratified randomized cluster sampling. Information on demography, diet, and other lifestyle factors was collected by standard questionnaires. Anthropometric parameters and serum lipid levels were also obtained in all subjects. The results were compared with those in 520 participants of Han Chinese from the same region. The levels of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in Hei Yi Zhuang were higher than those in Han (P < .01-.001). Hypertension was positively correlated with sex (male), age, physical activity, alcohol consumption, serum triglyceride levels, and total energy, total fat, and salt intakes, and negatively associated with educational level in Hei Yi Zhuang (P < .05-.001), whereas positively correlated with sex (male), age, physical activity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, waist circumference, serum total cholesterol levels, and total energy, total fat, and salt intakes, and negatively associated with educational level in Han (P < .05-.001). The difference in blood pressure levels between the two ethnic groups might result from different dietary habit, lifestyle, sodium intake, educational level, physical activity, and even genetic factors.     

入院时高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者结局的影响

目的 分析急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(ASTEMI)患者入院时高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平对随访一年主要心血管不良事件(MACCE)的影响.方法 选取2009年5月至2010年5月辽宁省20家医院1067例症状发作24h内入院并进行血脂检测的ASTEMI患者.观察基线情况、住院时症状、诊断、治疗及检查结果.随访1、6个月和1年的药物使用及MACCE(心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、脑卒中及再次血运重建).采用Cox比例风险模型分析影响MACCE的独立危险因素.结果 根据患者入院时HDL-C水平均值,分为＜1.27 mmol/L组587例(低组)和≥1.27 mmol/L组489例(高组).随访1、6个月及1年时低组非致死性心肌梗死发生率显著高于高组(分别为1.4％vs.0.0％,P=0.01;2.8％vs.0.4％,P=0.003; 4.8％vs.0.9％,P＜0.001),随访6个月及1年时低组MACCE发生率显著高于高组(分别为18.3％vs.13.7％,P=0.04; 23.7％vs.18.1％,P=0.03).年龄(HR=1.02,95％CI:1.006～1.035,P=0.005)、糖尿病(HR=1.05,95％CI:1.053～2.171,P=0.03)、HDL-C水平(HR=0.56,95％CI:0.340 ～ 0.921,P=0.02)是ASTEMI患者1年后发生MACCE的独立危险因素.结论 入院时HDL-C水平高的ASTEMI患者随访1年和6个月时的MACCE(主要是非致死性心肌梗死)及1个月时的非致死性心肌梗死发生率显著低于HDL-C水平低的患者,并随时间延长其差异越明显.年龄、糖尿病及HDL-C水平是MACCE的独立危险因素.     

广西黑衣壮族人群高血压患病率调查

目的了解广西黑衣壮族人群高血压的患病情况及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法对1068名≥20岁黑衣壮族人群的血压、身高、体重、体重指数、血脂及载脂蛋白进行测定,并将其结果与933名当地的汉族人群作比较。结果广西黑衣壮族人群高血压的患病率为25.2%,而当地的汉族人群为17.3%(P<0.001);黑衣壮族人群单纯收缩期高血压的患病率也明显高于汉族人群(12.5%vs.3.9%,P<0.001);黑衣壮族人群平均收缩压和脉压水平也显著高于汉族人群(分别为125.20mmHg±18.62mmHgvs.121.88mmHg±15.99mmHg,P<0.001和48.64mmHg±14.75mmHgvs.44.98mmHg±11.12mmHg,P<0.001;1mmHg=0.133kPa)。黑衣壮族人群高血压患病率与甘油三酯、性别和年龄呈显著正相关;而汉族人群高血压患病率则与总胆固醇、性别、年龄和饮酒呈显著正相关。黑衣壮族和汉族人群高血压的知晓率为8.6%vs.21.1%(P<0.001),治疗率4.5%vs.15.5%(P<0.001),控制率1.9%vs.10.6%(P<0.001)。结论广西黑衣壮族人群高血压患病率显著高于汉族人群,可能与其特殊的地理环境、生活方式、过多钠盐的摄入、低文化程度以及遗传因素等有关。高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率较低,必须采取干预措施。     

入院时高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者结局的影响

目的 分析急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(ASTEMI)患者入院时高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平对随访一年主要心血管不良事件(MACCE)的影响.方法 选取2009年5月至2010年5月辽宁省20家医院1067例症状发作24h内入院并进行血脂检测的ASTEMI患者.观察基线情况、住院时症状、诊断、治疗及检查结果.随访1、6个月和1年的药物使用及MACCE(心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、脑卒中及再次血运重建).采用Cox比例风险模型分析影响MACCE的独立危险因素.结果 根据患者入院时HDL-C水平均值,分为＜1.27 mmol/L组587例(低组)和≥1.27 mmol/L组489例(高组).随访1、6个月及1年时低组非致死性心肌梗死发生率显著高于高组(分别为1.4％vs.0.0％,P=0.01;2.8％vs.0.4％,P=0.003; 4.8％vs.0.9％,P＜0.001),随访6个月及1年时低组MACCE发生率显著高于高组(分别为18.3％vs.13.7％,P=0.04; 23.7％vs.18.1％,P=0.03).年龄(HR=1.02,95％CI:1.006～1.035,P=0.005)、糖尿病(HR=1.05,95％CI:1.053～2.171,P=0.03)、HDL-C水平(HR=0.56,95％CI:0.340 ～ 0.921,P=0.02)是ASTEMI患者1年后发生MACCE的独立危险因素.结论 入院时HDL-C水平高的ASTEMI患者随访1年和6个月时的MACCE(主要是非致死性心肌梗死)及1个月时的非致死性心肌梗死发生率显著低于HDL-C水平低的患者,并随时间延长其差异越明显.年龄、糖尿病及HDL-C水平是MACCE的独立危险因素.     

Effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the rat

The effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were assigned to one of three groups (n=6/group). Group 1 received 10% ethanol (v/v) in drinking water and lab chow ad libitum. After one week, the ethanol content was increased to 20%. Group 2 animals received the amount of chow consumed by Group 1 animals during the previous 24 hours, plus corn starch calorically equivalent to the alcohol consumed, whereas Group 3 animals received chow and water ad libitum. After four weeks on these diets, animals were bred and the concentration of ethanol in drinking water of Group 1 animals was increased to 30%. Animals were sacrificed on day 21 of gestation, and serum was analyzed for total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Alcohol-fed animals had total cholesterol levels averaging 54.1 mg/dl, significantly lower than levels in both pair-fed (79.4 mg/dl) and ad libitum controls (90.0 mg/dl). HDL cholesterol levels in the alcohol-fed animals were also lower than those in ad libitum controls (27.5 mg/dl vs. 40.0 mg/dl, p<0.05). These observations in pregnant females contrast with the effect of alcohol on HDL cholesterol levels in male animals.     

非超重人群正常低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与非酒精性脂肪肝风险的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨非超重人群正常低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平与非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的关系.方法 选取2015年1月至2017年6月在某医院进行健康体检的血清LDL-C水平在正常范围内的非超重人群4 822例为前瞻性研究随访队列,连续随访3年,以首次诊断为NAFLD为观察终点.根据彩超检查结果,将受试者分为NAF...     

中老年人胆固醇酯转运蛋白基因多态性与高脂血症的关系

目的　了解胆固醇酯转运蛋白 (CETP)基因多态性与中老年人高脂血症的关系。方法　对北京市西城区 4 2 1名 35岁～ 81岁中老年人进行血脂谱水平测定及胆固醇酯转运蛋白基因TaqIB(CETP TaqIB)位点多态性检测 (PCR RFLP方法 )。结果　CETP基因TaqIB位点B1B1、B1B2、B2B2基因型频率分别为 30 4 %、5 2 0 %、17 6 % ,其等位基因B1、B2频率分别为5 6 4 %、4 3 6 % ,与欧美白种人、日本人、中国台湾汉族人等相近 ;高脂血症组与血脂正常组CETP TaqIB位点基因型构成差异无显著性 ;B1B1、B1B2、B2B2基因型的HDL C水平呈上升趋势 ,但差异无显著性 ,且不同基因型的TC、TG、LDL C、ApoAI、ApoB水平差异无显著性 ,分性别分析结果相同。分析其原因可能有 :(1)遗传变异是多位点、多种类的 ,在不同种族、不同人群中的表现不同 ;(2 )单个基因的作用“微效” ;(3)混杂因素的影响。结论　尚不能证实CETP基因TaqIB位点多态性与北京市西城区中老年人高脂血症有关。     

Association of dietary pattern and physical activity level with triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio among adults in Jiangsu,China: a cross-sectional study with sex-specific differences

Our study aims to explore the association between dietary patterns and physical activity levels (PAL) with a triglyceride–to–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, and to examine whether the association is sex dependent among Chinese adults. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected through questionnaires, anthropometric measurement, and biochemical tests. Four food patterns (“meat,” “healthy,” “high-energy,” and “traditional Chinese”) were established through factor analysis. Physical activity level was categorized as “active,” “moderate,” and “inactive.” Logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between food patterns and PAL with TG/HDL-C ratio. Compared with quartile 1, quartiles 2 and 3 of meat pattern among men were found to be associated with lower risk of high TG/HDL-C ratio (the highest quartile of TG/HDL-C ratio). Similar decreased risk of high TG/HDL-C ratio was also observed in the highest quartile 4 of healthy pattern among women. Active PAL was protective against high TG/HDL-C ratio among both men (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.86) and women (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.96). Although no statistically significant interaction was observed, we found that individuals with active PAL and low healthy diet had a similar OR with those with inactive PAL and high healthy diet (0.62 vs 0.68). In conclusion, dietary patterns were associated with TG/HDL-C ratio in a sex-specific way, and active PAL was consistently related to decreased risk of high TG/HDL-C ratio across genders.     

Trends in serum cholesterol and lifestyle indicators in Members of the Finnish Parliament

OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent that public health promotion activity is reflected in life styles of national decision makers, by analysing trends in coronary heart disease risk factors in Members of the Finnish Parliament (MPs). METHODS: The MPs were studied at the beginning of two subsequent 4-year parliamentary periods between 1991 and 1999. The studies included analyses of serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and a questionnaire about alcohol, smoking and physical activity. RESULTS: Serum total cholesterol was above the national recommendation of 5.0 mmol/l in 85% of the male MPs and 62% of the female MPs. The mean level of serum total cholesterol increased in female MPs during the 4-year follow-up period (P < 0.05), and male MPs showed an increase in mean HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001). The mean body mass index increased in both male (P < 0.01) and female (P < 0.01) MPs during the same period. Alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity were unchanged during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: From the public health perspective, serum cholesterol is too high in most MPs, and the level in males is above the national average. Both males and females put on weight during the parliamentary period, and male MPs also showed an increase in HDL cholesterol, which may be explained by other lifestyle factors.     

Optimal cutoff value of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for predicting coronary artery disease in Taiwanese population

The aim of this study was to determine if an optimal cutoff value for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) can be obtained for predicting the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Taiwanese population. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study. Patients identified by cardiac catheterization as having at least 70% stenosis of one major coronary artery and without diabetes were assigned to the case group (n = 184). The control group (n = 516) was composed of healthy individuals with normal blood biochemical values. The multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate linear association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C, or LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and CAD while adjusting for confounders. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were constructed. Individuals with an HDL-C value less than or equal to 60 mg/dL had the significantly highest odds ratio (7.72; 95% confidence interval, 2.70-22.07) after adjusting for LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and other potential confounders. The areas under the curves were 0.85 and 0.61 for HDL-C and LDL-C, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of HDL-C for predicting the presence of CAD was 46 mg/dL. Sensitivity and specificity using this cutoff value were 71.74% and 81.40%, respectively. Our findings suggest that subjects with lower levels of HDL-C have a much higher risk of CAD than those with higher levels of LDL-C. The optimal cutoff value for HDL-C in predicting the risk of CAD is considered as 46 mg/dL in the Taiwanese population.     

Association of human cholesteryl ester transfer protein-TaqI polymorphisms with serum HDL cholesterol levels in a normolipemic Japanese rural population

We examined allele frequencies for the common cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqI polymorphisms and the associations of CETP-TaqI polymorphisms with serum lipid and lipoprotein levels taking into account for selected lifestyle factors in a well-characterized random sample of 527 healthy subjects living a rural community in Japan (256 men and 271 women aged 40-69 years). B2 allele frequency was 0.39 in men and 0.41 in women, and its presence was significantly associated with increased levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) in men (P=0.003 for linear trend). A similar tendency in women was observed, although P value for trend did not reach 0.05. There were not significant interactions between TaqIB genotype and smoking and alcohol drinking or daily physical activity in HDL-C. There were no statistically significant differences among TaqIA genotype in lipid and lipoprotein levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that B1B2 and B2B2 explained 1.7% and 2.2%, and 0.6% and 1.0% of variation in men and in women in HDL-C, respectively. We conclude that the CETP-TaqIB polymorphism has a quantitative influence, but appears to be stronger one in men, on HDL-C levels even after adjustment for important lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, and daily physical activity).     

Effects of smoking and stopping smoking on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in a representative population sample

Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were assessed in a random sample of 939 men and 853 women ages 14-65 years in eastern Finland. Amount of daily smoking measured by serum thiocyanate concentration was negatively and independently associated with serum HDL cholesterol level and HDL/total cholesterol ratio in men. This negative association seemed largely to be due to low HDL cholesterol levels in heavy smokers. Both male and female current smokers had lower HDL cholesterol levels and HDL/total cholesterol ratios than those who had never smoked. This difference was found even after adjustment for age, body mass index, and beer drinking. The reduction of HDL cholesterol level seemed to be reversible, because those who had recently stopped smoking had higher HDL cholesterol levels and higher HDL/total cholesterol ratios than current smokers.     

胆固醇酯转运蛋白基因多态性与肥胖及对膳食干预的影响

目的探讨胆固醇酯转运蛋白(CETP)基因多态性与肥胖的关系及其对肥胖膳食干预的影响。方法从血凝块中提取DNA,用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)检测上海340名成年人的CETP基因TaqIB位点多态性;对研究对象进行体格检查并测定血脂;对其中的肥胖人群进行膳食干预,分析CETP基因多态性对干预效果的影响。结果(1)B1B1、B1B2和B2B2三种基因型的频率分别为35·6%、47·9%和16·5%,符合Hardy-Weinberg定律;B1等位基因为优势等位基因;肥胖组人群和正常组的基因型构成差异无显著性,控制相关影响因素后结果相同。(2)三种基因型的高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平差异有显著性,B2B2型的HDL水平最高。控制环境影响因素后这种相关性仍然存在。(3)B1B2型膳食干预后HDL水平明显升高,这与其他基因型显著不同;控制基线HDL水平和性别因素后基因型对HDL水平改变没有影响。结论CETP-TaqIB位点B2B2基因型具有较高的血清HDL水平,成年肥胖人中此位点多态性无特殊性;基线HDL水平影响不同基因型的HDL对膳食干预的反应。     

Diet, alcohol consumption, and serum lipid levels of the middle-aged and elderly in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The special customs and cultures including their clothings, intraethnic marriages, corn wine and rum intakes are still completely conserved to the present day. Little is known about the association of diet and alcohol consumption with serum lipid levels in this population. The aim of this study was to compare the differences in diet, alcohol consumption, and serum lipid levels of the middle-aged and elderly between the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. A total of 485 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 501 participants of Han Chinese aged 40 and over were surveyed by a stratified randomized cluster sampling. Information on dietary intake and alcohol consumption was collected by standard questionnaires. Serum lipid levels were measured. Education level, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, hypertension, and total energy, fat, protein, dietary cholesterol, and salt intakes were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han (P < .05–.001), whereas physical activity level, carbohydrate, vegetal protein, and total dietary fiber intakes were higher in Bai Ku Yao than in Han (P < .001 for all). Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, and Apo B levels were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han (P < .001 for all). The levels of triglyceride, HDL-C, Apo A1, and the ratio of Apo A1 to Apo B in Bai Ku Yao were higher, but the levels of LDL-C and Apo B were lower in drinkers than in nondrinkers. The levels of triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo A1, Apo B, and the ratio of Apo A1 to Apo B in Bai Ku Yao were also influenced by the amount of alcohol consumed (P < .05–.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Han were higher and LDL-C levels were lower in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P < .01 for each). Serum total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels in Han were also associated with the amount of alcohol consumed (P < .05–.001). The differences in the lipid levels between the two ethnic groups may partially attribute to the differences in dietary habits and alcohol consumption.