细辛脑注射液与利巴韦林治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎临床对比研究

目的：探讨细辛脑注射液与利巴韦林治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎临床效果差异。方法：选取婴幼儿毛细支气管炎患儿240例,以随机数字表分为利巴韦林组（120例）和细辛脑注射液组（120例）;利巴韦林组患儿给予利巴韦林雾化吸入治疗,细辛脑注射液组患儿则在给予细辛脑注射液静脉滴注治疗;比较两组患儿近期疗效、症状体征消失时间等。结果：细辛脑注射液组患儿近期疗效显著优于利巴韦林组（p〈0.05）;细辛脑注射液组患儿咳嗽、喘憋、肺部哮鸣音及啰音消失时间均显著少于利巴韦林组（p〈0.05）。结论：相较于利巴韦林,细辛脑注射液治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎可有效缓解症状体征,加快机体康复进程。     

超声雾化吸入治疗小儿病毒性肺炎疗效观察

目的：观察超声雾化吸入利巴韦林联合盐酸氨溴索治疗小儿病毒性肺炎的疗效。方法：选取2009年6月至2010年6月浦江县人民医院儿科收治的小儿病毒性肺炎患者86例,随机分为两组,静脉滴注组40例给予利巴韦林10mg/（kg.d）＋盐酸氨溴索7.5 mg＋生理盐水200 mL静脉滴注治疗,每日2次;雾化吸入组46例,应用利巴韦林注射液10 mg/（kg.d）＋盐酸氨溴索7.5 mg＋生理盐水20mL超声雾化吸入,每日2次。治疗7d后,统计疗效并比较两组患者症状、体征改善时间。结果：超声雾化组的总有效率为91.3%,而静脉滴注组的总有效率为72.5%,两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。超声雾化组患者的症状、体征改善时间比静脉滴注组明显缩短（P〈0.05）。结论：超声雾化吸入治疗小儿病毒性肺炎疗效确切,无明显不良反应,且具有操作简便,患者容易接受的优点。     

三拗汤对病毒性肺炎的辅助治疗疗效分析

目的探讨三拗汤对病毒性肺炎的辅助治疗效果,以降低不良反应发生率。方法选取2010年3月-2013年3月收治的病毒性肺炎患者168例,按照患者就诊时间顺序均分为对照组及观察组,各84例,对照组患者在使用止咳药物、化痰药物情况下给予利巴韦林静脉滴注,观察组在对照组基础上服用三拗汤,对比两组患者的各项指标。结果对照组患者发热、咳嗽时间显著长于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肺部啰音消失时间、肺部影像恢复时间对照组高于观察组,但差异无统计学意义;观察组治疗总有效率为88.10%,不良反应发生率为1.19%,对照组分别为73.81%、8.33%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论三拗汤辅助治疗病毒性肺炎患者,能够缩短患者临床症状恢复时间、降低患者不良反应发生率、提高患者临床治疗效果,值得临床推广使用。     

重组人干扰素治疗毛细支气管炎的疗效观察

目的 观察重组人干扰素-α1b治疗毛细支气炎的疗效.方法 将160例毛细支气管炎患儿随机分为两组,两组均给予常规治疗.此外观察组加用重组人干扰素-α1b治疗,对照组给予利巴韦林治疗.观察两组患儿临床症状体征改善情况及消失的天数.结果 两组治疗后,患儿体温、喘憋、咳嗽、肺部啰音改善比较,差异均有统计学意义(t分别为1.832、2.761、2.650、2.526,均P<0.05).结论 重组人干扰素-α1b治疗毛细支气管炎能明显缩短发热、咳嗽、喘憋、肺部啰音消失的时间,疗效优于利巴韦林.     

小儿病毒性肺炎的临床研究

目的：观察利巴韦林联合炎琥宁治疗小儿病毒性肺炎患儿的效果。方法：分析笔者所在医院2010年3月-2011年8月58例小儿病毒性肺炎患儿临床资料,所有患儿均应用利巴韦林联合炎琥宁进行治疗。结果：所有患儿经治疗,31例（53.4%）治愈,23例（39.7%）有效,4例（6.9%）无效,治疗总有效率93.1%。结论：利巴韦林联合炎琥宁治疗小儿病毒性肺炎,效果明显,值得临床推广。     

利巴韦林结合清热解毒方对流行性腮腺炎热毒壅盛证患儿血清SAA、淀粉酶及症状消除时间的影响

目的　观察利巴韦林结合清热解毒方治疗流行性腮腺炎热毒壅盛证患儿的临床效果，探究其对血清淀粉样蛋白A（serum amyloid A protein, SAA）及淀粉酶的影响。方法　选取我院2016年4月—2019年9月收治的82例流行性腮腺炎患儿为研究对象。用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组（每组41例），对照组予以利巴韦林治疗，观察组在对照组基础上服用清热解毒方。比较2组患儿发热、腮腺肿胀、腺体疼痛等症状体征的消失时间、住院时间、临床疗效、不良反应和 SAA及淀粉酶水平。结果　观察组各症状消失时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组（P均＜0.05）。观察组、对照组症状缓解的总有效率分别为95.12%、80.49%，观察组显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，2组患儿血清SAA、总淀粉酶、唾液型淀粉酶水平均显著下降，且观察组血清SAA、总淀粉酶、唾液型淀粉酶下降水平均显著高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）；观察组和对照组不良反应发生率分别为7.32%和9.76%，2组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　采用利巴韦林结合清热解毒方治疗流行性腮腺炎热毒壅盛证患儿，可以降低血清SAA和淀粉酶水平，改善腮腺肿痛，缓解临床症状，缩短治疗时间，值得临床推广。     

干扰素与利巴韦林雾化治疗毛细支气管炎探讨

目的探讨重组人干扰素α1b与利巴韦林雾化吸入治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的疗效。方法将福建省妇幼保健院2014年5月至2016年5月收治的152例小儿毛细支气管炎患儿随机分为3组,在给予布地奈德、异丙脱溴胺雾化的基础上,分别加用利巴韦林(0.1g/次)、重组人干扰素低剂量(2μg/kg·次)和高剂量(4μg/kg·次,均2次/d)。比较3组疗效及不良反应。结果重组人干扰素低剂量组(54例)、高剂量组(47例)和利巴韦林组(51例)治疗总有效率分别为92.6%和93.6%和78.4%,重组人干扰素低、高剂量组咳嗽、喘息和三凹征、肺部喘鸣音等症状体征消失时间比利巴韦林组缩短,不良反应少;利巴韦林组有皮疹、腹泻、粒细胞减少等不良反应。结论重组人干扰素α1b雾化吸入治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的疗效比利巴韦林好,无明显不良反应;其低剂量与高剂量疗效相似。     

小儿病毒性肺炎治疗方法的对比研究

目的 探讨小儿病毒性肺炎治疗的方法及其疗效.方法 回顾性分析笔者所在医院收治的92例小儿病毒性肺炎的患儿,随机分为两组,两组患者均应用常规的治疗方法治疗,在此基础上,对照组46例患儿使用利巴韦林注射液进行治疗,治疗组46例患儿应用利巴韦林联合炎琥宁进行治疗.结果 两组疗效差异明显,治疗组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0.05）.结论 常规治疗的基础上应用中西药联合治疗效果肯定,患儿可在短时间内恢复,值得临床推广.     

小儿豉翘清热颗粒辅助治疗疱疹性咽峡炎患儿的效果

目的 探讨小儿豉翘清热颗粒辅助治疗疱疹性咽峡炎患儿的效果。方法 选择2018年1月至2021年1月我院收治的疱疹性咽峡炎患儿116例,随机分为两组各58例。对照组采用利巴韦林注射液治疗,观察组在此基础上采用小儿豉翘清热颗粒辅助治疗,两组均治疗1周。对比两组的临床症状缓解时间、临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组临床症状缓解时间及住院时间均短于对照组（P <0.05）。观察组治疗总有效率为94.83%,高于对照组的82.76%(P <0.05)。两组的不良反应发生率比较（3.45%vs. 8.62%）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 小儿豉翘清热颗粒辅助治疗疱疹性咽峡炎患儿的效果显著,可缩短患儿症状缓解时间与住院时间,且不会增加不良反应。     

利巴韦林联合喜炎平治疗小儿手足口病的临床疗效探讨

目的探讨小儿手足口病患儿应用利巴韦林联合喜炎平治疗的临床效果。方法选择我院2014年1月至2015年1月期间收治的96例小儿手足口病患儿,随机分为两组各48例,观察组患儿采用利巴韦林和喜炎平联合治疗,对照组患儿给予利巴韦林治疗。观察对比两组患儿的临床疗效、体温恢复时间、皮疹消退时间、疱疹消退时间、食欲好转时间、出院时间。结果观察组的治疗总有效率为97.92%,显著高于对照组的87.50%(P<0.05);观察组的各项临床指标均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对小儿手足口病患儿联合应用利巴韦林和喜炎平治疗的临床疗效显著,能够明显缓解患儿的临床症状,缩短患儿痊愈时间。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.