P53和1d2蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌的表达及其意义

目的研究P53、Id2蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌组织的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法和图像分析技术检测122例食管鳞状细胞癌及90例癌旁正常组织中P53、Id2的表达情况。结果122例食管鳞状细胞癌中P53、Id2表达水平均高于癌旁正常组织（P〈0．01）。P53表达强度与患者的性别、年龄及肿瘤的分化程度未见明显相关性（P〉0．05）,但与肿瘤的浸润深度及淋巴结转移情况相关（P〈0．05）;Id2的表达与患者的性别、年龄及淋巴结转移情况未见明显相关性（P〉0．05）,但与肿瘤的分化程度成负相关（P〈0．05）,且与肿瘤浸润深度正相关（P〈0．05）。结论P53、Id2在食管鳞状细胞癌的高表达可能作为判断食管鳞状细胞癌生物学行为的潜在指标。     

食管鳞状细胞癌中血管内皮生长因子C mRNA的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨食管鳞状细胞癌中血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)的表达及临床意义。方法:收集中山大学附属第一医院2009年3月~2010年2月收治的39例食管鳞状细胞癌患者,采用原位杂交法检测肿瘤组织及正常食管组织中VEGF-CmRNA的表达情况,并进行随访观察。结果:食管鳞状细胞癌组织中VEGF-CmRNA表达阳性率为71.8%(28/39),正常食管组织中表达阳性率为12.8%(5/39),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VEGF-CmRNA的表达与食管鳞状细胞癌的淋巴结转移和浸润深度有关,但与性别、年龄和肿瘤组织分化程度无关。随访至死亡或2012年2月29日(以先者为准),VEGF-CmRNA阳性组生存率低于阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:VEGF-CmRNA的表达与食管鳞状细胞癌的发展、淋巴结转移及预后有相关性。     

结直肠癌中TAZ和β-catenin的表达及意义

目的：观察TAZ和β-catenin蛋白在结直肠癌中的表达,探讨二者与结直肠癌发生、发展的关系。方法应用免疫组化EnVision两步法检测168例结直肠癌组织和30例正常肠黏膜组织中TAZ和β-catenin的表达。结果结直肠癌组织中TAZ的阳性率显著高于正常肠黏膜组织(P<0．01),其表达与病理学分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期相关(P<0．05),TAZ阳性组的5年生存率显著低于TAZ阴性组( P<0．05);结直肠癌组织中β-catenin异常表达率显著高于正常肠黏膜组织( P<0．01),其异常表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期相关(P<0．05);β-catenin异常表达组的5年生存率显著低于β-catenin正常表达组(P<0．05);结直肠癌中TAZ阳性表达和β-catenin异常表达呈正相关(P<0．01)。结论 TAZ表达增高和β-catenin异常表达在结直肠癌发生、发展中具有重要作用,检测TAZ和β-catenin的表达可作为判断结直肠癌的生物学行为和判断预后的指标。     

PTK7在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的研究酪氨酸蛋白激酶-7（PTK7）在食管鳞状细胞癌、癌旁组织中的表达及其与食管鳞状细胞癌的发展、侵袭、淋巴结转移的关系,分析其在食管鳞癌中的诊断价值及预后变化。方法收集食管鳞状细胞癌标本80例及癌旁组织63例,采用免疫组织化学链霉菌抗生物素蛋白一过氧化物酶连结（SP）法检测PTK7蛋白的表达,结合临床相关因素进行x2检验及Kaplan—meier等统计学分析。结果80例患者食管鳞状细胞癌组织中有45例PTK7蛋白表达阳性（X2=50．17,P〈0．01）,食管癌旁非典型增生及正常鳞状上皮中PTK7蛋白表达均阴性。PTK7表达与食管鳞癌的年龄、性别、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、浸润长度、临床分期等比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;与5年生存率比较差异亦无统计学意义（X2=0．2,P〉0．1）;当肿瘤组织PTK7蛋白表达综合免疫组化评分≥5分时,5年生存率有下降趋势（X2=3．35,P=0．06）。结论PTK7表达与食管鳞癌有关,当PTK7综合免疫评分≥5分时,5年生存率有下降趋势。利用检测PTK7的表达,有助于综合判断食管鳞癌的相关性和临床预后。     

VEGF和D2-40在食管鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的观察血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和D2-40在人食管鳞癌组织内的表达,探讨VEGF的表达与食管鳞癌组织淋巴管密度(LVD)及淋巴结转移之间的关系。方法将67例食管鳞状细胞癌分为有淋巴结转移和无淋巴结转移两组,免疫组化法检测食管鳞癌组织中VEGF和D2-40的表达,并与正常组进行对照。结果 VEGF蛋白主要表达于癌细胞胞浆内,D2-40表达于癌组织内淋巴管内皮细胞,在食管鳞癌的癌组织中VEGF的阳性表达率和D2-40阳性淋巴管密度均高于正常食管组织(P0.05),且有淋巴结转移组的阳性表达率高于无淋巴结转移组(P0.05)。结论 VEGF的高表达可能与食管鳞癌的淋巴管生成和淋巴道转移密切相关。     

食管鳞状细胞癌组织中核干细胞因子、表皮生长因子和表皮生长因子受体mRNA的表达

目的 探讨食管鳞状细胞癌组织中核干细胞因子(NS),表皮生长因子(EGF)和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)mRNA的表达及其相互关系. 方法 采用原位杂交技术检测62例食管鳞状细胞癌组织,31例癌旁不典型增生组织及62例正常食管黏膜组织中NS、EGF和EGFR mRNA的表达阳性率,并分析食管鳞状细胞癌患者不同临床病理参数间NS、EGF和EGFR mRNA的表达阳性率及三者之间的相关性. 结果 正常食管黏膜组织、癌旁不典型增生组织及食管鳞状细胞癌组织中NS mRNA的阳性表达率分别为21.0%(13/62)、25.8%(8/31)和69.4%(43/62);EGF mRNA阳性表达率分别是40.3%(25/62)、48.4%(15/31)和77.4%(48/62);EGFR mRNA阳性表达率分别是30.6%(19/62),45.2%(14/31)和75.8%(47/62).食管鳞状细胞癌组织中NS、EGF和EGFR mRNA的阳性表达率与肿瘤的组织学分级,浸润深度及淋巴结转移有关(均P<0.05).食管鳞状细胞癌组织中NS mRNA表达与EGFmRNA和EGFR mRNA的表达呈正相关(分别为r=0.394,r=0.604,P<0.05). 结论 食管鳞状细胞癌组织中NS mRNA与EGF mRNA和EGFR mRNA的表达呈正相关,NS mRNA、EGF mRNA和EGFR mRNA在食管癌的发生、发展过程中可能起重要作用.     

非小细胞肺癌中MMP-9和MMP-13的表达及意义

目的：分析MMP-9和MMP-13在非小细胞肺癌( non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)中的表达及相关性,探讨二者与NSCLC临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测88例NSCLC和18例癌旁正常肺组织中MMP-9、MMP-13的表达。结果 MMP-9与MMP-13在NSCLC中的阳性率均高于癌旁正常肺组织( P<0．05)。 MMP-9表达与患者年龄、分化程度、淋巴结转移有关(P<0．05);MMP-13表达与分化程度、淋巴结转移有关(P<0．05)。 NSCLC中MMP-9与MMP-13的表达呈正相关(P<0．05)。 MMP-9和MMP-13阳性组的生存率均低于阴性组,差异有显著性(P<0．05);且肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移和MMP-13阳性表达与NSCLC的预后密切相关( P<0．05)。结论 MMP-9与MMP-13均与NSCLC的侵袭、转移及预后密切相关,MMP-13可能主要通过激活MMP-9途径来参与NSCLC的侵袭、转移。     

SEL1L基因在食管癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨SEL1L（human Sel-1-like）mRNA及其蛋白在食管癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学SP法检测90例手术切除的食管鳞状细胞癌、35例距癌灶边缘5am以上切缘的正常黏膜、60例癌旁黏膜及20例内窥镜活检的食管鳞状上皮不典型增生组织中SEL1L蛋白的表达;运用原位分子杂交技术检测上述癌组织、正常黏膜、癌旁黏膜中SEL1L mRNA的表达。结果（1）SEL1L mRNA在食管鳞状细胞癌的表达率为80．0％（72／90）,较正常黏膜的14．3％（5／35）和癌旁黏膜的16．7％（10／60）高（P〈0．01）;SEL1L mRNA在有淋巴结转移组的表达阳性率为92．7％（38／41）比无淋巴结转移组69．4％（34／49）高（P〈0．01）。（2）SEL1L蛋白在鳞状细胞癌的表达阳性率为87．8％（79／90）,在鳞状上皮不典型增生中的表达阳性率为90．0％（18／20）。分别较正常黏膜的14．3％（5／35）和癌旁黏膜的13．3％（8／60）高（P〈0．01）。SEL1L蛋白表达与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤位置、大小、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床分期均无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。（3）食管鳞状细胞癌组织中SEL1L mRNA和SEL1L蛋白的表达呈明显正相关（r=0．492,P〈0．01）。结论（1）SEL1L蛋白表达的调控主要在转录水平,SEL1L蛋白表达水平的升高主要是相应转录水平上调的结果。（2）SEL1L蛋白过表达可能是食管鳞状细胞癌发生的早期表现,SEL1L蛋白的检测可作为识别食管癌高风险患者的生物标记物。     

食管鳞状细胞癌间质细胞中podoplanin的表达及临床意义

目的观察食管鳞状细胞癌间质细胞中podoplanin的表达及与临床病理特征的关系,探讨podoplanin阳性间质细胞在食管鳞状细胞癌进展中的作用。方法应用免疫组化En Vision法检测69例食管鳞状细胞癌中podoplanin的表达,分析阳性间质细胞中podoplanin表达与食管鳞状细胞癌临床病理特征的关系。结果 69例食管鳞状细胞癌中,间质细胞podoplanin阳性者43例,阳性率为62.3%。食管鳞状细胞癌中间质细胞podoplanin阳性者淋巴管密度(lymphatic vessel density,LVD)为45.72±14.36,明显高于间质细胞podoplanin阴性者(21.23±10.49),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);有淋巴管侵犯的食管鳞状细胞癌间质细胞podoplanin表达明显高于无淋巴管侵犯者(P<0.05)。间质细胞podoplanin表达与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、分化程度、淋巴结转移和临床分期均无关(P>0.05)。结论 podoplanin阳性间质细胞可促进食管鳞状细胞癌淋巴管形成和淋巴管侵犯。     

血管内皮生长因子和微血管密度在食管癌组织中的意义

目的 :探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)蛋白表达和微血管密度 (MVD)与食管癌临床病理的关系。方法 :应用免疫组织化学SABC法 ,以鼠抗VEGF、兔抗FⅧRAg、UEA 1抗体标记 5 2例食管癌和 5例正常食管黏膜 ,观察其在不同分化程度、浸润深度和有无淋巴结转移食管癌中的表达及MVD情况。结果 :癌组织VEGF阳性 2 8例 (5 3 9% ) ,MVD平均为 5 1 3± 14 8。VEGF蛋白表达和MVD与癌组织分化程度、淋巴结转移有关 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;与癌组织浸润深度无关 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :提示VEGF与癌组织血管发生密切相关 ,VEGF蛋白表达和MVD可作为判断食管癌的恶性程度和预后的生物学指标     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.     

韧带和肌腱的生物力学和力学生物学研究

国际韧带和肌腱研讨会(The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons,ISI&T)于2000年在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市首次召开。研讨会的宗旨是引起对韧带和肌腱研究的重视,并为生物工程师、生物学家、临床医师提供一个可以分享、评论、讨论韧带和肌腱最新研究成果的论坛。从2000年起,国际韧带和肌腱研讨会已经开展了15届;每届研讨会上涌现了大量令人振奋的关于当前韧带和肌腱研究热点和未来挑战的讨论。多年来,韧带和肌腱领域内的研究数量大幅增加,研究质量不断提升。为纪念《医用生物力学》杂志创刊30周年,本文总结过去30年里韧带和肌腱研究的主要进展,包括组织力学、力学生物学、损伤与治愈机制、组织修复和再生。     

Morphology and cytochemistry of leucocytes and thrombocytes of six species of fish

Cytochemical reactions of blood leucocytes and thrombocytes from six species of fish, rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), striped bass (Morone saxatulis), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were determined. Because the staining reactions were generally similar to the reactions found in mammalian leucocytes with similar morphological features, it is reasonable to classify fish leucocytes using the same terminology as is used for mammalian leucocytes. However, in some species leucocytes with features similar to mammalian eosinophils or basophils were not found. In goldfish leucocytes were found that had segmented nuclei and unstained, moderately refractile cytoplasmic granules. These cells were classified as segmented, granular leucocytes. Although these cells do not appear similar to any mammalian or avian leucocyte, the pattern of positive cytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase staining and negative granular staining is similar to that of equine eosinophils.     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.