直肠癌保肛手术中不同造口术联合术后盆底生物反馈治疗对患者肛管直肠功能和并发症发生的影响

目的 探讨直肠癌保肛手术中不同造口术联合术后盆底生物反馈治疗对患者肛管直肠功能和并发症发生的影响。方法 回顾性选取98例低位直肠癌腹腔镜保肛手术患者，按照不同造口方法分组，末端回肠造口术+术后盆底生物反馈治疗为观察组(n=49),横结肠造口术+术后生物反馈治疗为对照组(n=49)。比较2组围手术指标、肛门功能情况、肛管直肠压力指标及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组术后首次进食及排便时间、住院时间均低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后6、12个月wexner评分均低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组直肠静息压、直肠最大耐受量、直肠便意感觉容量、肛管静息压、肛管收缩压、肛管高压长度等均较治疗前高，且观察组增长幅度高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 低位直肠癌腹腔镜保肛手术采取末端回肠造口术联合术后盆底生物反馈治疗的效果较好，与横结肠造口术相比，更有助于术后患者机体恢复、肛门功能恢复及预后恢复，且并发症相对较少。     

腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术在低位直肠癌患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术在低位直肠癌患者中的应用效果。方法 根据手术方式的不同将200例低位直肠癌患者分为对照组（n=100）和观察组（n=100）,对照组患者采用传统开腹手术治疗,观察组患者采用腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术治疗,两组患者均予以快速康复外科干预。比较两组患者的手术相关指标、肛门直肠动力学指标[肛管静息压（ARP）、直肠最大耐受容量（RMTV）和肛管最大收缩压（AMSP）]、肛门功能（Wexner评分法）及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组患者的术中出血量明显少于对照组,手术时间、首次肛门排气时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间均明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。术后3个月,两组患者的ARP、RMTV、AMSP均低于本组术前,且观察组患者的ARP、RMTV、AMSP均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。术后3、6个月,两组患者的Wexner评分均高于本组术前,观察组患者的Wexner评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。观察组患者的并发症总发生率低于对照组（P﹤0.05）。结论 腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术治疗低位直肠癌能够减少患者术中...     

肠系膜下动脉低、高位结扎对直肠癌手术效果及患者生命质量的影响

目的探讨肠系膜下动脉(IMA)低、高位结扎对直肠癌手术效果及患者生命质量的影响。方法按随机数字表法将90例直肠癌患者分为两组,各45例。两组患者均行腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除(TME)联合淋巴结清扫术治疗,术中低位组行IMA低位结扎,高位组行IMA高位结扎。对比两组手术效果、排便功能、生命质量、并发症情况。结果对比两组淋巴结清扫数量、手术用时、住院时间、术中失血量无统计学差异(P>0.05);高位组肛门排气时间长于低位组,排便功能评分低于低位组,有统计学差异(P<0.05);对比两组术后生命质量评分、吻合口瘘、泌尿感染、尿潴留发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,高位组吻合口瘘发生率高,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论直肠癌患者行IMA低、高位结扎疗效和生命质量相当,前者能缩短术后肛门排气时间,减少吻合口瘘发生率,后者对患者排便功能影响小,临床可根据患者实际情况合理选择术式。     

直肠癌低位前切除术肠道重建不同吻合方式对肛门直肠功能变化的影响

目的 探讨直肠癌低位前切除术肠道重建不同吻合方式对肛门直肠功能变化的影响。方法 选取2018年7月至2021年7月湖北省中医院普外科收治的141例低位直肠癌患者为研究对象,均行直肠癌低位前切除术治疗。根据肠道重建不同吻合方式分为直接吻合组(45例)、J型袋组(49例)和结袋组(47例),分别采用直接吻合术、J型贮袋术、结肠成形袋术。术后均随访1年,比较三组手术结果。观察术后3、6、12个月三组患者术后肛门直肠功能变化(排便情况、排便主观感受、肛门直肠压力)情况,并对比三组术后并发症情况。结果 三组患者肠道重建吻合成功率、术后并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组患者术后3、6、12个月大便不能完全排空发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),J型袋组和结袋组患者术后3、6、12个月不能区分排气与排便的发生率、24 h排便次数均低于直接吻合组(P<0.05)。J型袋组和结袋组患者术后3、6、12个月排便评分、最大耐受容量、静息压均高于直接吻合组(P<0.05)。J型袋组和结袋组患者术后12个月最大收缩压、顺应性均高于直接吻合组(P<0.05),...     

腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术对低位直肠癌患者肛门功能及预后的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术治疗低位直肠癌效果,及其对患者肛门功能及预后的影响。方法随机数表法将92例低位直肠癌患者分为对照组和观察组,各46例。对照组患者接受传统开腹手术,观察组患者接受腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术,比较两组患者手术相关指标、肛门直肠指标、肛门失禁量表(Wexner)评分及并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者术中出血量明显少于对照组患者,手术时间、肛门排气时间和住院时间均明显短于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术后3个月,两组患者排粪频率均高于本组术前,肛管静息压(ARP)、直肠最大耐受容量(RMTV)和肛管最大收缩压(AMSP)均低于本组术前,且观察组患者术后排粪频率高于对照组患者,ARP、RMTV和AMSP均低于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后3、6个月,观察组患者Wexner评分均低于对照组患者,术后3、6、12个月,两组患者Wexner评分均高于本组术前,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症总发生率为10.87%(5/46),低于对照组患者的28.26%(13/46),差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.420,P﹤0.05)。结论腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术治疗低位直肠癌效果显著,可有效改善患者近期肛门功能,缩短术后恢复时间,改善患者预后。     

腹腔镜腹会阴联合切除术中腹膜外隧道式乙状结肠造口的疗效分析

目的探讨腹膜外隧道式乙状结肠造口术在低位直肠癌腹腔镜腹会阴联合切除术后的临床疗效。方法选取在2014年3月1日至2015年10月31日间中国医学科学院肿瘤医院行低位直肠癌行腹腔镜腹会阴联合切除术的71例患者,采用随机数余数分组法,随机分为腹膜外隧道式乙状结肠造口组(研究组35例)和传统经腹膜乙状结肠造口组(对照组36例),分析不同造口方法对手术时间、术后排气时间、术后住院时间、造口旁疝等并发症的影响。结果研究组患者完成造口操作所需时间为(13.4±1.7)min,对照组患者为(21.4±2.6)min,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。研究组患者术后恢复排气时间为(63.4±13.3)h,对照组患者为(43.0±15.0)h,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。研究组患者术后住院时间为(5.9±1.0)d,对照组患者为(6.4±1.0)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.030)。随访期间,研究组患者未有造口旁疝的发生,对照组患者出现4例造口旁疝,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.042)。结论腹膜外隧道式乙状结肠造口术不仅可以缩短手术时间,还可以减少术后住院时间及造口旁疝等并发症发生率,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术保留左结肠动脉对患者术后恢复情况的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术保留左结肠动脉对患者术后恢复情况的影响。方法 对2017年1月至2021年12月于南通市海门区人民医院接受腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术治疗的100例直肠癌患者进行前瞻性研究。采用随机数字法对患者进行分组,其中对照组50例,不保留左结肠动脉;研究组50例,保留左结肠动脉。对比两组患者围手术期指标、临床治疗总有效率、胃肠功能指标[胃动素（MTL）和胃泌素（GAS）]、肛肠动力学指标[肛管静息压（ARP）、肛管最大收缩压（MSP）、高压区长度（HPZ）、直肠肛管抑制反射阈值（AIRT）、直肠静息压（RRP）和最大耐受容量（MTV）]、并发症总发生率以及生活质量。结果 研究组患者吻合口距肛缘距离、术后肛门排气时间、肠道功能恢复时间、脾曲游离以及近端肠管缺血改变情况与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。研究组治疗总有效率为92.0%,对照组治疗总有效率为76.0%,研究组明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后48 h MTL、GAS水平均明显下降,研究组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。两组患者术后15 d ARP、...     

腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术中保留左结肠动脉对淋巴结清除术及肠功能恢复的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术中保留左结肠动脉（LCA）对淋巴结清除术及肠功能恢复的影响。方法:回顾性选择了2010年2月至2013年12月我院95例腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者,其中保留LCA 47例（研究组）,不保留LCA 48例（对照组）,比较两组患者手术情况（手术时间、术中出血量、术中转开腹率、预防性回肠造口、游离脾曲）、术中淋巴结清扫情况（肠系膜根部淋巴结清扫数、阳性淋巴结检出率）、术后肠道功能恢复情况（术后肛门首次排气排便时间、腹胀腹痛持续时间、住院时间）、术后并发症发生和肿瘤复发转移、5年死亡率、无肿瘤进展（PFS）情况。结果:两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中转开腹率对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,研究组回肠造口比例、游离脾曲比例低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者术中淋巴结清扫数目、阳性淋巴结检出率对比差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组首次排气时间无显著差异性（P>0.05）,但研究组首次排便时间、腹痛腹胀持续时间、住院时间明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后吻合口瘘发生率低于对照组（0.00% vs 10.42%,P<0.05）,切口感染、尿潴留、性功能障碍发生率与对照组无差异（P>0.05）。研究组患者肿瘤复发率、转移率、5年死亡率、无进展生存率与对照组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留LCA可提供吻合口良好血供,避免术中回肠造口、游离脾曲术,促进术后肠功能恢复,对淋巴结清扫术无影响,不增加肿瘤复发和转移的风险     

腹部无辅助切口经肛门取标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌切除术在低位直肠癌患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨腹部无辅助切口经肛门取标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌切除术在低位直肠癌患者中的应用效果。方法 根据手术方式的不同将80例低位直肠癌患者分为对照组（n=45）和观察组（n=35）,对照组患者采用常规腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术,观察组患者采用腹部无辅助切口经肛门取标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌切除术。比较两组患者的手术相关指标、疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分]、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平和术后并发症发生情况。结果 观察组患者的手术时间明显长于对照组,术后住院时间明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。术后3、7天,两组患者的VAS评分均高于本组术前1天,观察组患者的VAS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。术后3、7天,两组患者的CRP水平均高于本组术前1天,观察组患者的CRP水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。观察组患者的并发症总发生率为5.71%(2/35),与对照组患者的11.11%(5/45)比较,差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论 与腹腔镜下低位直肠癌切除术相比,腹部无辅助切口经肛门取标本的腹腔镜低位直肠癌切除术的手术时间更长,术后...     

超低位直肠癌保肛手术后肛门直肠功能变化的研究

目的探讨超低位直肠癌患者行保肛手术后肛门直肠功能的变化。方法回顾性分析32例超低位直肠癌患者施行保肛手术的临床资料,于手术前及手术后3个月、6个月、12个月分别采用肛管直肠压力测定方法和徐忠法肛门功能检测标准进行肛门直肠功能评估。结果所有患者术后肛门排便功能明显下降,其中以术后3个月内肛门功能最差,术后6个月、12个月肛门功能逐渐恢复。肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压、肛管最大收缩时间、肛管直肠抑制反射消失数在术后3个月、6个月与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);术后3个月、6个月、12个月各组间比较,差异也均有统计学意义(均P0.05);术后12个月与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超低位直肠癌行保肛手术后早期肛门功能明显下降,但随着时间的推移,大多数肛门功能可逐渐恢复。对超低位直肠癌患者施行保肛手术是可行的。     

Anal cancer

Combined modality treatment with radiation, chemotherapy, and conservative surgery controls most epidermoid cancers of the anal canal and advanced squamous cell cancers of the perianal skin. Anorectal function is preserved in about 70% of patients or more. Five-year survival rates are similar to those previously obtained with radical surgery or radical radiation therapy. The cytotoxic drugs 5-Fluorouracil and Mitomycin C are frequently given concurrently with radiation, but other effective regimens have also been described. The mechanisms of interaction of radiation and cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of anal cancer are not known.     

Anal carcinoma

Although epidermoid cancer of the anus is an uncommon tumor, it has served well as a model for several disciplines within oncology. Advances in understanding the epidemiology and the definitive therapeutic role of combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy for anal tumors have encouraged many investigators to study similar applications in the more common epithelial malignancies. In this monograph, the anatomy of the anal area is reviewed emphasizing the differences in natural history and prognosis between anal margin and anal canal cancers. Treatment does not depend on the specific histologic variant of the epidermoid tumors which arise in this region. The roles of viruses, of immunodeficiency syndromes, and of a history of benign anal disease and trauma in the etiology and epidemiology of this tumor are discussed. Current staging will be critically reviewed stressing that invasive (pathologic) staging by surgery is not indicated, but noninvasive staging has definite limitations. Small superficial tumors may be definitively treated with either limited surgery or radiation. While regional treatments such as surgery and radiation offer cure to between 45% and 60% of nonselected patients, initial treatment with combination radiation and chemotherapy produces cure rates between 65% and 85% for similar groups of patients. The rationale for combined modality therapy is presented and recommendations for therapy by stage of the cancer are made. Finally, we present questions that remain for future research in the clinic and laboratory regarding epidermoid tumors of the anus.     

Anal cancer and marital status

Anal cancer is a rare tumour in Britain and its epidemiology has not previously been studied in this country. Several studies from the United States have shown an association between single marital status at the time of tumour registration (as a marker of male homosexuality in these populations) and the incidence of anal cancer. This study has used registry information on martial status for anal cancer and for colon cancer (controls) from the Thames, West of Scotland and West Midlands Cancer Registries. The registry data on marital status was validated using death certificate information. The relative risk of developing anal cancer was found to be significantly increased in single men for all three registries individually and for the combined data sets (OR 2.2' 95% CI 1.8-2.8). This accords with the findings of similar studies in the United States and supports the hypothesis that a sexually transmissible agent may be involved in the aetiology of anal cancer. For women, being unmarried was found to be protective against anal cancer in the combined data sets (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.5-0.8).     

Anal gland carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Anal gland carcinoma is a rare entity. The authors conducted a joint study of cases coded as definite or possible anal gland carcinoma from the archives of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Canadian Reference Center for Cancer Pathology. METHODS: Seven cases of potential anal gland carcinoma were identified from the Canadian files and 12 from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology archives. Of these 19 cases, 14 had adequate material to allow clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Seven of these 14 cases met a modified World Health Organization (WHO) definition of anal gland carcinoma. The mean age of these patients was 66 years (range, 60-72 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 6:1. The tumors were composed of haphazardly dispersed, small glands with scant mucin production that invaded the wall of the anorectal area with no obvious intraluminal component observed clinically or microscopically. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on all seven of these cases, revealing cytokeratin (CK) 7+/CK 20- expression in six cases, and CK 7+/CK 20+ expression in one case. The remaining seven cases showed no intraluminal component but did not meet a modified WHO definition of anal gland carcinoma. This group included three mucinous adenocarcinomas (two clinically arising in anal fistulas), all of which were CK 7+/CK 20+, and a rectal-type adenocarcinoma that was CK 7-/CK 20+. There was also a tumor interpreted as probable rectal-type adenocarcinoma that was CK 7+/CK 20+, and a tumor interpreted as probable squamous cell carcinoma that was CK 7-/CK 20-. The seventh tumor in this group, which could not be classified, was CK 7+/CK 20-. CONCLUSIONS: A useful and discriminating definition of anal gland carcinoma is an anal canal tumor composed of haphazardly dispersed, small glands with scant mucin production invading the wall of the anorectal area without an intraluminal component. The glands are positive for CK 7.