结核分枝杆菌IS6110序列在石蜡组织中的检测、克隆与测序

目的：探讨套式-聚合酶链反应（Nested-PCR)检测石蜡组织中结核分枝杆菌的特异性和敏感性。方法：采用套式-PCR检测石蜡包埋组织中结核菌复合体特异插入序列IS6110，并对部分标本的PCR产物进行克隆和测序。结果：31例结核标本石蜡组织检出结核菌DNA共28例，套式-PCR的敏感度为90.3%,特异度为100%。阳性预测值为100%。随机选取两例PCR产物没是序结果与结核菌标准株H37Rv同源性分别为97%和95.3%。结论：套式-PCR检测常规石蜡包埋组织中结核菌IS6110序列具有特异性强和敏感性高的特点，可应用于临床诊断，尤其是对那些常规苏木精-伊红染色和抗酸染色无法确诊的病例更具意义。     

结核分枝杆菌双靶标环介导恒温扩增检测方法的建立与应用

目的建立基于双靶标环介导恒温扩增(LAMP)的结核分枝杆菌(MTB)检测技术并应用于临床。方法以结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTBC)插入序列IS6110和MTB mtp40基因为检测靶标,分别设计1套LAMP引物。通过引物浓度和反应条件优化,建立基于双靶标的检测方法(mtp40-LAMP和IS6110-LAMP),比较2种方法的灵敏度和特异性。应用建立的mtp40-LAMP和IS6110-LAMP方法与PCR、萋-尼氏抗酸染色法和分枝杆菌分离培养法,分别对55例患者的痰标本进行检测与鉴定,通过对其结果的比较分析评价mtp40-LAMP和IS6110-LAMP方法的实用性。结果灵敏度试验显示,mtp40-LAMP和IS6110-LAMP方法可检出MTB基因组DNA最低浓度为125 fg/μl,比常规的PCR方法高10～100倍。mtp40-LAMP和IS6110-LAMP方法的特异性为100%,能检测MTB菌株并能从MTBC中鉴别MTB。痰标本检测显示,IS6110-LAMP与PNB鉴定结果一致性检验的Kappa值为0.881(P0.01),mtp40-LAMP与TCH鉴定结果的Kappa值为0.887(P0.01)。与PCR方法和萋-尼氏抗酸染色法检测结果比较,mtp40-LAMP和IS6110-LAMP方法敏感性更高。反应体系中加入MG指示剂可直接通过肉眼观察颜色变化进行结果判定,实现了快速闭管检测。从样本处理(35 min)、扩增反应(40 min)到结果验证(1～2 min),整个检测过程80 min内即可完成。结论基于LAMP技术建立的mtp40-LAMP和IS6110-LAMP双靶标检测方法敏感性高、特异性强,能够快速、准确地检测和鉴别MTB,可作为潜在的MTB快速筛查或诊断工具。     

聚合酶链反应在结核杆菌检测中的应用

本文综述了近5年来聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术在结核杆菌检测中的应用情况。主要介绍了PCR检测结核杆菌的方法、PCR扩增靶基因的选择、敏感性和特异性及临床应用情况,并对临床应用中的一些问题,如临床标本处理的简化、假阳性结果和假阴性结果的原因及对策进行了讨论。     

微孔杂交技术诊断肺外结核

目的　将聚合酶链反应(PCR)、核酸杂交、酶联免疫吸附三种技术有机结合,从分子水平检测结核杆菌,为临床诊断肺外结核提供病原学依据。方法 使用生物素标记的特异性引物扩增结核杆菌(TB)DNA,带有生物素的产物与包被在微孔板内的靶基因杂交,加入酶标链毒亲和素与生物素结合,最后加辣根过氧化物酶显色,2MH₂SO₄终止反应。根据酶标仪检测各孔吸光度判断结果。结果通过对临床高度怀疑为肺外结核的408份标本的检测,PCR微孔板杂交法的检出率为43.6%,培养法的检出率为25.9%直接涂片抗酸染色为6.4%。结论 PCR杂交法灵敏度高,特异性强,有助于临床准确、快速诊断肺外结核。     

荧光探针杂交技术检测临床标本内结核分支杆菌的价值

目的　评价聚合酶链反应(PCR)荧光探针杂交技术(TaqMan技术)检测临床标本中结核分支杆菌的应用价值。方法 应用细菌学方法(涂片镜检和培养)及TaqMan法检测133份结核病患者痰标本,53份非结核呼吸系疾病患者痰标本。结果 细菌学方法检测结核病患者临床标本中结核分支杆菌阳性率为36.1%,TaqMan法阳性率为61.7%,高于细菌学检测法,经统计学处理,两者有显著性差异(P<0.05),用TaqMan法检测临床标本特异性为96.2%。结论 TaqMan技术将PCR扩增、荧光探针杂交及检测一体化,在单一管内完成,具有简便、快速、防污染、敏感性及特异性较高等优点,是结核病辅助诊断的有效方法之一。     

PCR-ELISA微孔板杂交技术检测结核杆菌DNA

目的　采用PCR ELISA微孔板杂交技术检测结核杆菌DNA。方法 采用PCR技术扩增结核杆菌DNA，并将扩增产物加入预先包被结核杆菌探针的微孔板，再加入结核杆菌显色探针，同时进行微孔板核酸夹心杂交ELISA显色。共检测肺部疾病患者痰标本 510例。结果 该法的灵敏度为 59.3%，特异性为 95.0%；阳性预测值为 96.3%，阴性预测值为 51.4%。结论 PCR ELISA微孔板杂交技术可快速、准确地检测结核杆菌DNA，是结核病早期诊断和鉴别诊断的可靠实验室方法。     

聚合酶链反应方法检测诱导排痰标本对卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的诊断价值

目的 评价聚合酶链反应方法检测诱导排痰标本中卡氏肺孢子虫DNA对卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（PCP）的诊断意义。方法 分别用姬姆萨和六胺银（GMS）两种染色方法和mt-rRNA-PCR方法检测痰液中的卡氏肺孢子虫。结果 化学染色法检测16例临床拟诊PCP的患者痰标本。结果 8例阳性,20例非PCP患者痰标本均为阴性,化学染色方法的敏感性和特异性分别为50％和100％。PCR方法检测16例临床拟诊PCP患者痰液中卡氏肺孢子虫,14例阳性,20例非PCP患者痰标本均为阴性,mt-rRNA-PCR方法的敏感性和特异性分别为88％和100％。结论 姬姆萨和GMS两种细胞化学染色方法联合检测痰标本卡氏肺孢子虫,特异性高,但敏感性偏低。mt-rRNA-PCR检测痰标本中卡氏肺孢子虫DNA方法敏感性高于化学染色法且特异性高,更适于临床应用。     

荧光探针杂交技术检测临床标本内结核人支杆菌的价值

目的：评价聚合酶链反应（PCR）荧光探针杂交技术（TaqMan技术）检测临床标本中结核分支杆菌的应用价值。方法：应用细菌学方法（涂片镜检和培养）及TaqMan法检测133份结核病患者痰标本，53份非结核呼吸系疾病患者痰标本。结果：细菌学方法检测结核病患者临床标本中结核分支杆菌阳性率为36．1％，TaqMan法阳性率为61．7％，高于细菌学检测法，经统计学处理，两者有显著性差异（P＜0．05），用TaqMan法检测临床标本特异性为96．2％，结论：TaqMan技术将PCR扩增、荧光探针杂交及检测一体化，在单一管内完成，具有简便，快速、防污染，敏感性及特异性较高等优点，是结核病辅助诊断的有效方法之一。     

基因释放剂对痰中耐利福平结核分支杆菌rpoB基因突变检出率的影响

结核分支杆菌DNA依赖性RNA聚合酶β亚单位编码基因(rpoB)是单拷贝基因,提高其检测灵敏度对直接检出痰中耐利福平结核分支杆菌具有重要意义。我们在聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析中(PCR-SSCP)采用基因释放剂和套式PCR,提高痰标本中结核杆菌rpoB基因突变检出率,以快速确定是否为耐药菌感染。     

应用聚合酶链反应检测结核杆菌

应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)进行体外基因扩增,可使极微量的特定核苷酸片段在短时间内扩增至100万倍,而用于临床检测,该法具有快速简便、特异性和敏感性高等优点。作者先用2条人工合成寡核苷酸作引物,引入耐热的DNA 聚合酶(Jag DNA 聚合酶),经30个扩增周期,形成针对结核杆菌复合物所特有蛋白质(MPB64蛋白质),它由240个碱基对组成的基因DNA 密码序列。把扩增产物浇注在2%琼脂糖凝胶板上,再用寡核苷酸探针的Souther 核酸杂交法进一步证实.同时作者还采用一组包括真核细     

AmpliSensor—聚合酶链反应定量检测肺结核患者外周血结 …

目的 探讨ＡｍｐｌｉＳｅｎｓｏｒ－聚合酶链反应定量检测外周血中结核分支杆菌ＤＮＡ在肺结核的应用价值。方法 采用ＱｌＡａｍｐ和ＡｃｕＰｕｒｅ法提取，制备全血中模板ＴＢ－ＤＮＡ，应用ＡｍｐｌｉＳｅｎｓｏｒ－ＰＣＲ定量检测，并与ＩＳ６１１０－单管巢式聚合酶链反应（ＳＮ－ＰＣＲ）作比较。结果２００例肺结核患者的血液标本中，两种方法测得结核分支杆菌ＤＮＡ的阳性率分别为６０．５％、６３．５％。８５例非结核肺病     

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples using insertion sequences IS6110 and IS990

To detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples, we used the M. tuberculosis-complex specific insertion sequence IS990 as the target in a simple DIG-PCR ELISA assay, as this element is present as a single copy in all strains of M. tuberculosis we have examined to date. The IS990 test was compared with a similar PCR that utilizes IS6110 as target. For detection of PCR product, digoxigenin-11-dUTP (DIG-dUTP) was incorporated into the product. After amplification, the PCR product was hybridized with biotinylated capture probe, which was complementary to the inner part of the amplicon. The hybrid was captured onto streptavidin-coated microtiter plate and DIG-labeled PCR product was detected using a peroxidase-conjugated antibody to DIG. We evaluated DIG-PCR ELISA for the detection of M. tuberculosis DNA in 265 respiratory and non-respiratory specimens taken from patients with known and suspected tuberculosis disease or from controls. The sensitivity and specificity of both IS990-based test and IS6110-based test was 96.5% and 95.3% respectively, comparable to the sensitivity and specificity of the IS6110-based test. The results demonstrate that the IS990 PCR ELISA test is a rapid and sensitive tool for the detection and identification of M. tuberculosis in clinical samples, and may have advantages to the more widely used IS6110-based tests, particularly in areas where IS6110-negative strains are found.     

Prospective evaluation of in-house polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases in patients with HIV infection and lung infiltrates.

SETTING: Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in AIDS is critical for optimal treatment to reduce mycobacterial dissemination, HIV-1 replication and mortality. The inadequate sensitivity of Ziehl-Neelsen staining and its inability to distinguish atypical mycobacteria delays accurate diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis of TB in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), blood and extra-pulmonary samples from patients with AIDS and pulmonary infiltrates. DESIGN: Specimens from 103 HIV-1-infected patients were prospectively analysed using bacteriological methods and IS6110-PCR. Smear-positive samples were also tested using 16S ribosomal-DNA-PCR to identify Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections. Gold standard diagnosis relied on positive cultures or treatment outcome. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients exhibited TB, one TB and MAC and four MAC. The sensitivity of IS6110-PCR was 100% in smear-positive samples, 81.8% in smear-negative BAL, 66.7% in extra-pulmonary samples and 42.9% in blood. Its specificity was 97.1% in BAL and 100% in extra-pulmonary and blood specimens. The 16S rDNA-PCR identified M. avium from all smear-positive samples that grew MAC. CONCLUSIONS: IS6110-PCR proved useful in evaluating episodes with probable clinical diagnosis of pulmonary or mixed TB and negative smears, whereas 16S rDNA-PCR would be helpful for prompt differential diagnosis of MAC in smear-positive specimens.     

Comparative evaluation of IS6110 PCR via conventional methods in rapid diagnosis of new and previously treated cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis

In developing countries the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is a major burning challenge. EPTB encounters many problems like pauci-bacillary nature, inadequate specimen volume. All the limitations reflect in the poor contribution of conventional bacteriological technique in the establishment of diagnosis of EPTB. Nucleic acid amplification methods are rapid and sensitive has modified strategies for the detection of mycobacterial DNA. A fragment of DNA of 123 bp belonging to insertion sequence IS6110 based on specific gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the rapid diagnosis of EPTB. The present study was to comparative evaluation of IS6110 PCR via conventional methods in the rapid diagnosis of new and Previously treated cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Four hundred fifty specimens were collected from suspected cases of EPTB were processed for Mycobacteria by Zeihl Neelson (ZN) staining and BACTEC culture for M. tuberculosis. All the specimens were also processed for IS6110 based PCR amplification with primers targeting 123 bp fragment of insertion element IS6110 of M. tuberculosis complex. We found significant difference was seen in sensitivities of different tests. Of these 450 specimens, 60 (13.4%) were positive for AFB by ZN staining, 202 (45%) for BACTEC culture and IS6110 PCR were positive for M. tuberculosis complex in 283 (63%) specimens (p< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference (p< 0.05) as far as specificity of different tests. We found that IS6110 PCR has higher sensitivity than smear microscopy and BACTEC culture in both cases of new cases as well as in previously treated cases. IS6110 PCR can be highly useful in diagnosis of new and treated cases of EPTB. It may facilitate therapeutic decisions for those with suspected of EPTB.     

Rapid and efficient detection of extra-pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR analysis.

SETTING: The diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) remains an important clinical problem, primarily because of the inadequate sensitivity of conventional bacteriologic methods for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in extra-pulmonary specimens. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a IS6110-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method can be utilized to detect M. tuberculosis in non-pulmonary specimens. DESIGN: Specimens from 286 Mexican patients with a presumptive clinical diagnosis of EPTB were prospectively examined by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, mycobacterial culture on L?wenstein-Jensen slants, and by PCR. The DNA for PCR was extracted by the buffer lysis method and phenol-guanidine thiocyanate-chloroform. Primers that amplify a 200 bp fragment from the insertion-like M. tuberculosis sequence element IS6110 were utilized. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that this PCR method is highly specific (100%) for identifying M. tuberculosis from a variety of specimens including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural fluid, ascitic fluid, pericardial fluid, urine, and lymph node exudate. Moreover, the sensitivity of PCR for detecting M. tuberculosis in CSF (94%), pleural fluid (94%), ascitic fluid and other extrapulmonary specimens (93%) greatly exceeds the sensitivity of conventional smear and culture methods. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that PCR can be a highly specific and sensitive aid in the detection of M. tuberculosis from extra-pulmonary specimens.     

应用多重聚合酶链反应法检测并鉴别结核分支杆菌与非结核分支杆菌DNA

OBJECTIVE: To improve the specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for detecting and identification of DNA of M. tuberculosis and M. nontuberculosis. METHOD: Three pairs of oligonucleotide primer were used in triplex-PCR. A 383 bp DNA fragment encoding part of the 65,000 mycobacterial surface antigen, a 123 bp fragment corresponding to a specific M. tuberculosis complex sequence which was the insertion sequence 6110 (IS 6110) and a 268 bp fragment for human beta-globin were amplified by triplex-PCR respectively. RESULT: The sensitivity of the triplex-PCR-electrophoresis for the DNA of mycobacterium was 0.6 pg. The specific bands of 383 bp and 123 bp among the amplified DNA from M. hominis, M. bovis, BCG and M. simiae were present in the agarose gel. By contrast, only a band of 383 bp was found among the M. nontuberculosis which contained M. avium, M. chelonae, M. scrofulaceum, M. xenopi, M. kansasii, M. intracellulare and M. smegmatis. Compared with the standard strains, there was an additional 268 bp band in simulated clinical samples infected by Mycobacterium. The above 3 specific bands were found neither in other 15 bacterial species tested nor in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 182 clinical samples were examined by culture, smear and triplex-PCR. 72 nontuberculous clinical samples were all negative. In 110 tuberculosis clinical samples, the positive rates were 2.7%, 13.6% and 32.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The triplex-PCR possesses a high specificity and sensitivity. This method could detect and identify the DNA of M. tuberculosis and M. nontuberculosis except M. simiae. It is a valuable tool for early diagnosis and differentiation for infection of M. tuberculosis and M. nontuberculosis.     

Evaluation of Amplicor- and IS6110-PCR for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Singapore

One hundred and seventy-eight samples from 168 individuals were tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex ( Mtc ) using Amplicor PCR, IS6110 -PCR (in-house), acid fast (AF)-staining and culture. Thirty-one samples were positive by culture, but 37 samples were later resolved to be truly positive for Mtc . Of these, Amplicor detected 32 (86.5%), IS6110 -PCR detected 31 (83.6%), and AF-staining 21 (56.8%). None of the 141 Mtc -negative samples was positive by these tests, thus giving 100% specificity. Although the IS6110 -PCR was more sensitive than Amplicor in detecting spiked Mtc DNA, it was not more sensitive than the latter in detecting Mtc in clinical samples. Reasons likely to account for the PCR false negativity were (i) sample inoculum size, (ii) nonuniform samples due to clumping effect of Mtc and (iii) the absence of target gene sequences for IS6110 -PCR. Culture negativity, on the other hand, was likely to be associated with nonviable Mtc . Amplicor PCR is promising for direct detection of Mtc . The IS6110 -PCR, however, may not be as suitable because of possible existence of IS6110- deleted Mtc strain in Singapore.     

Development and evaluation of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pulmonary specimens

Abstract Background: The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is still a major challenge. Using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), one can detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples within a few hours. However, single gene targets may result in false negativity due to the absence of target DNA in some M. tuberculosis isolates. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a multiplex PCR (M-PCR) using IS6110 and devR primers for the detection of M. tuberculosis in sputum samples. Methods: Sputum samples were collected from: (1) 200 confirmed cases of tuberculosis; (2) 100 suspected cases of tuberculosis diagnosed on the basis of clinical and radiological findings; (3) 200 non-tubercular patients suffering from respiratory diseases other than tuberculosis, in whom tuberculosis had been excluded. All 500 sputum samples were subjected to PCR using IS6110 primers, and M-PCR using IS6110 and devR primers; results were compared with conventional techniques. Results: It was found that M-PCR was 97.5% successful in detecting the presence of tuberculosis in the confirmed tuberculosis group as compared to 84.5% by IS6110-based PCR. In the suspected tuberculosis group, M-PCR could detect 45% of cases as compared to 40% by IS6110-based PCR. Overall, the specificities of both the PCR and M-PCR were found to be 96.5%. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the M-PCR assay is more sensitive than the IS6110-based PCR for the detection of M. tuberculosis in sputum specimens and could be applied in situations of highly suspected tuberculosis when all others tests including IS6110 PCR are negative.     

Histopathology and TB-PCR kit analysis in differentiating the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease

AIM: To compare the histopathologic features of intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn’s disease (CD) and to identify whether polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB-PCR) would be helpful for differential diagnosis between ITB and CD.METHODS: We selected 97 patients with established diagnoses (55 cases of ITB and 42 cases of CD) who underwent colonoscopic biopsies.Microscopic features of ITB and CD were reviewed,and eight pathologic parameters were evaluated.Nine cases of acid fast bac...     

Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction, tuberculostearic acid analysis, and direct microscopy for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum.

Tuberculosis remains a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need for improved bacteriologic diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Three methods for rapid identification of M. tuberculosis in sputum samples (direct microscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [GC-MS], and polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), were compared with culture on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. Growth of M. tuberculosis was observed in 38 of 145 sputum samples. Detection of acid-fast bacilli by direct microscopy gave a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 100%. Detection of tuberculostearic acid by GC-MS gave a sensitivity of 55% and a specificity of 87%. Amplification by PCR of a fragment of the insertion sequence IS6110 gave a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 93% compared with culture and a corrected specificity of 99% compared with both culture and clinical data. This study indicates that PCR can be adapted for clinical use and is the method of choice for rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.