半导体激光在眼科的应用

半导体激光的波长属红外光，能量可被眼组织高度吸收，穿透力强，因热效应使局部组织反应程度不同而有热凝固，汽化，穿孔和切割等一系列反应。临床研究证实：半导体激光不仅可用于各种青光眼手术，还可应用于玻璃体视网膜和脉络膜疾病的治疗。在治疗脉络膜黑色素瘤，黄斑中心凹脉络膜新生血管更具有优越性。半导体激光因其能量输出稳定，效率高，体积小，结构简单，不需外循环冷却水等特点，为激光在眼科的应用开拓了新领域。     

第八届全国眼科激光学术会议

为进一步交流激光医学在眼科基础和临床应用方面的新进展，推动我国眼科激光医学的发展，经中华医学会激光医学分会批准，全国眼科激光学组拟于2005年9月中旬在沈阳召开第八届全国眼科激光学术会议。届时大会将组织专题讲座和讨论，内容丰富，会议将给予继续教育学分。     

半导体激光在眼科的应用

半导体激光（ｄｉｏｄｅｌａｓｅｒ）的波长属红外光，能量可被眼组织高度吸收，穿透力强，因热效应使局部组织反应程度不同而有热凝固、汽化、穿孔和切割等一系列反应。临床研究证实：半导体激光不仅可用于各种青光眼手术，还可应用于玻璃体视网膜和脉络膜疾病的治疗。在治疗脉络膜黑色素瘤，黄斑中心凹脉络膜新生血管更具有优越性。半导体激光因其能量输出稳定、效率高、体积小、结构简单、不需外循环冷却水等特点，为激光在眼科的应用开拓了新领域。     

欢迎订购《英语科技论文撰写与投稿》

为进一步交流激光医学在眼科基础和临床应用方面的新进展，推动我国眼科激光医学的发展，经中华医学会激光医学分会批准，全国眼科激光学组拟于2005年9月中旬在沈阳召开第八届全国眼科激光学术会议。届时大会将组织々题讲座和讨论，内容丰富，会议将给予继续教育学分。     

智能手机照相技术在眼科学中的应用探索

使用图像来记录疾病在现代眼科学实践中越来越普遍，传统的眼科学仪器可以提供高质量的图像，但是设备笨重和高昂的价格限制了其应用范围。近年来，广泛使用的智能手机可以很容易地捕捉高质量的图像和视频。实践证明，在适配器的帮助下，用智能手机捕捉眼前节和眼后节图像成为可能。研究表明，无论是传统的眼科设备还是基于智能手机的照相系统，图像均具有良好的一致性。基于智能手机的角膜内皮检查和荧光素眼底血管造影将手机照相功能应用到眼科学更多领域。本文将对智能手机照相技术在眼科学中的应用进行综述。     

眼底光凝中血管迷走神经性晕厥3例

0引言1960年代问世的激光技术是具有划时代的科技新成就。因为眼球是人体的光学器官,激光产生的光能可以直接进入眼球的绝大部分组织,从而使得眼科成为激光医学中应用最成熟的学科之一,为过去认为难治甚至不能治的多种眼底疾病提供了全新的治疗手段,并取得了满意的疗效。我国于1970年代初期开始用激光光凝治疗眼底疾病,最初是红宝石激光,以后相继用氩离子激光、氪离子激     

光学相干断层扫描技术在眼前节结构应用的新进展

光学相干断层扫描技术（OCT）是一种利用光的干涉原理来成像眼部结构的方法,最初用于眼后节的测量和检查,但随着OCT技术的进展,目前已广泛用于眼前节各组织的测量和检查.眼前节光学相干断层扫描技术（AS-OCT）可将角膜、前房、瞳孔、虹膜等眼前节组织结构显示于一张图像上,并可用于准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术术后角膜前后表面情况和角膜曲率的测定,青光眼患者房角、虹膜、睫状体的观察,抗青光眼术后功能性滤过泡的动态变化以及眼外伤患者的眼前节组织结构变化等.AS-OCT检测具有非接触、分辨率高、检测快捷、可定量分析等特点,因此是眼前节组织的检测的有力工具.就AS-OCT技术在眼科的临床应用、优缺点及展望进行综述.     

视网膜激光损伤的研究及治疗进展

随着激光应用的日益广泛,激光视网膜损伤逐渐引起眼科界的重视,近几年来人们通过对其不同波长激光对视网组织损伤情况,激光致伤的机理,影响因素,激光损伤后眼组织的病理变化、损伤的修复以伤后的治疗等方面进行了一系列的研究,为今后更好的治疗视网膜激光损伤奠定了理论基础。     

半导体激光光凝治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变临床分析

目的：总结半导体激光光凝治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的体会。方法：回顾性分析我院应用VIRIDIS532nm半导体激光泵浦的眼科黄绿激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变116只眼的临床资料。结果：激光光凝术后糖尿病性视网膜病变患视力稳定或进步达79．25％,结论：根据糖尿病性视网膜病变的程度选择合适的光凝术,确保高比例的视网膜有效光斑是光凝术成功的关键。     

时讯

第八届全国眼科激光学术会议征文　　为进一步交流激光医学在眼科基础和临床应用方面的新进展 ,推动我国眼科激光医学的发展 ,经中华医学会激光医学分会批准 ,全国眼科激光学组拟于 2 0 0 5年 9月中旬在沈阳召开第八届全国眼科激光学术会议。届时大会将组织专题讲座和讨论 ,内容丰富 ,会议将给予继续医学教育学分。会议征文要求 :(1)未在正式刊物上发表的有关激光在眼科基础研究、临床研究和临床经验总结等内容的文章 ,均可参加本次会议交码流 ;(2 )要求论文摘要及全文各一份 (格式为目的、方法、结果和结论四部分 ) ,写明文章题目、作者姓…     

Application of erbium: YAG laser in ocular ablation

Recent developments in lasers have provided us the possibility of laser ocular surgery. The xenon, argon, neodymium:YAG and dye lasers have been successfully used in out-patient clinics. The excimer laser has been attracting researchers' interest in the new application of laser to cornea and lens. The erbium:YAG laser emits a 2.94-microns beam that can ablate the transparent ocular tissues such as lenses and corneas. The author has applied this laser to the cornea, lens, vitreous and other ocular tissues. The erbium:YAG laser beam was directed through a 1.5-meter-long, 200-microns-diameter fiberoptic guide. The radiant energy measured about 50 mJ at the end of the probe. The laser was emitted as a 400-microsecond pulse. Freshly enucleated rabbit eyes were used in this study. Laser burns were applied to the tissue surface at various energy settings. At minimal power, the tissues were coagulated by the erbium:YAG laser application. At a power of more than 636-954 mJ/mm2, tissue began to evaporate; the tissue loss was observed under a surgical light microscope. Corneal photoablation, lens ablation, iridotomy, trabeculotomy, cutting of the vitreous and retinal ablation were easily performed. Like the excimer laser, the erbium:YAG laser is a potential tool for ocular surgery.     

性激素与眼表及角膜相关疾病的研究进展

性别差异是当今流行病学研究中的常见现象之一。这种现象的发生,除了与男女基因表达差异有关以外,更与性激素的调控有着密不可分的联系。在已知的各类眼科疾病中也存在着性别差异的现象。随着生物学相关研究的进展,研究人员在包括眼表及角膜在内的眼部组织中发现了越来越多的性激素受体,暗示性激素对眼表及角膜正常功能的维持有着十分重要的作用。在此,我们将对目前已知的性激素和眼表及角膜间的关系的相关报道进行综述和讨论,并对未来的相关研究进行展望。     

Hippo通路及其在眼科领域的研究进展

Hippo通路是一个进化上保守的信号通路,它受细胞内外多种因素的调控,通过效应分子YAP/TAZ,参与调节细胞的增殖、分化、迁移和再生等多种重要生理活动,其在组织发育、器官再生以及肿瘤发生等方面均有广泛的研究。近年来的研究显示,Hippo通路与眼部组织的发育、再生和眼部疾病联系密切。阐明Hippo通路在眼部组织中的作用有助于揭示眼科疾病发生发展的机制,对完善眼科基础研究,指导眼科临床工作都具有深远的意义。本文从Hippo通路的核心组分、生物学作用以及近年来Hippo通路在眼部组织如角膜、小梁网、晶状体、视网膜和葡萄膜中的研究进展进行了详细综述。     

与眼科相关的中枢神经系统血管性疾病

中枢神经系统血管病变可合并多种眼部症状,如眼眶疼痛、闪光感、视野缺损、视力下降、眼肌麻痹等。因此,部分患者首诊于眼科,其中包括动脉瘤破裂、动脉夹层、脑卒中等需要迅速处理的神经系统急重症,接诊医师若认识不足则可能延误诊治。与眼科相关的中枢神经系统血管性疾病多数具有眼科不能解释的临床表现,面对局部治疗无效的慢性结膜炎、不明原因视野缺损或颅神经麻痹时,需拓宽鉴别诊断思路。了解容易出现眼部表现的中枢神经系统血管病变特征,可为眼科临床诊疗工作提供参考。     

自然光照对眼部的影响

自然光照由连续光谱、不同能量的光组成,光的波长越短能量越大,故其中紫外线和蓝光具有更高能量。暴露在高强度光照下可能导致眼部组织细胞损伤,进而引起各种眼部结构的病理变化。我们回顾了近年来有关光照在角结膜、晶状体、前房结构、视网膜、视神经相关疾病中的作用的研究,综述了光照在眼部可能触发的信号通路和作用机制。眼组织过度暴露在光照下会导致DNA损伤增加、蛋白质的异常修饰和聚集,以及过度的氧化应激,从而导致眼部疾病的发生发展。因此,可根据所接触的光照特性与强度,以及需要保护的眼组织类型,针对性地单独或联合使用物理保护、局部和/或口服抗氧化剂和光照活化信号通路的小分子抑制剂,以防止和减少光照引起的眼部损害。     

Effects of sunlight on the eye

Sunlight consists of lights of continuous spectra. Ultraviolet light and blue light in the sunlight have higher energy. High dose exposure to sunlight can cause direct cellular damage. In the eye, sunlight is known to cause pathological changes in various eye structures. We reviewed the studies on the role of sunlight in corneal diseases, cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration in recent years. Possible sunlight-triggered signaling pathways and mechanisms in the eye are summarized. Excessive exposure to sunlight may lead to increased DNA damage, aberrant protein modification and aggregation, and oxidative stress of ocular tissues, and thus results in the development of ocular diseases. Accordingly, physical protection, topical and/or oral antioxidants and small molecules blocking sunlight-activated signal pathways could be used independently or combinedly to prevent and reduce sunlight-induced ocular damages.     

Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography in the human eye

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a well established imaging tool in ophthalmology. The unprecedented depth resolution that is provided by this technique yields valuable information on different ocular tissues ranging from the anterior to the posterior eye segment. Polarization sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) extends the concept of OCT and utilizes the information that is carried by polarized light to obtain additional information on the tissue. Several structures in the eye (e.g. cornea, retinal nerve fiber layer, retinal pigment epithelium) alter the polarization state of the light and show therefore a tissue specific contrast in PS-OCT images. First this review outlines the basic concepts of polarization changing light-tissue interactions and gives a short introduction in PS-OCT instruments for ophthalmic imaging. In a second part a variety of different applications of this technique are presented in ocular imaging that are ranging from the anterior to the posterior eye segment. Finally the benefits of the method for imaging different diseases as, e.g., age related macula degeneration (AMD) or glaucoma is demonstrated.     

Tunable lasers in ophthalmology.

The present status of laser application in clinical ophthalmology is breifly reviewed. The potentials of tunable dye lasers as retinal photocoagulators are discussed. Selective irradiation of ocular tissues over the full visible spectrum and the simplicity and reliability of recently developed waveguide lasers are the most attractive features of these lasers. Waveguide dye lasers have permitted to set up very compact and simple retinal photocoagulators, with improved output intensity stability and nearfield distribution uniformity. Preliminary results obtained with pulsed Rhodamine 6G laser show that good retinal photocoagulations are obtained at very low output energies.     

Gene mapping of ocular diseases.

Increasing awareness of the role of genetic factors in the causation of many human eye diseases has made ocular genetics one of the fastest growing areas of ophthalmology. The objective of this paper is to present the basic principles of gene mapping and their application to ophthalmology. The techniques used to map the genome are reviewed with emphasis placed on molecular genetics. The advances in this area have already provided the major impetus to the areas of diagnosis and prevention of some genetic eye disorders. Tables are presented that list the autosomal, X-linked and mitochondrial assignment of eye genes and disorders with ocular involvement.