128层螺旋CT在冠心病诊断中的应用研究

目的研究128层螺旋CT冠脉成像对冠心病的冠状动脉狭窄,特别是细小分支狭窄的临床诊断价值和准确度。方法以传统X线冠状动脉造影(CAG)为金标准,与同期2～7d内行64排128层螺旋CT的图像进行对比研究。结果本研究中CT图像能够满足冠状动脉管腔评价的节段占96.50%,CT图像满足诊断要求的节段中,常规冠状动脉造影共发现中度和中度以上狭窄120节段,其中重度狭窄34节段。本组病例中以CAG作为金指标,显示重度狭窄的敏感度和特异度分别为99.8%和96.6%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为99.8%和96.5%。结论对于达到扫描评价条件的冠脉图像,128层螺旋CT可作为冠心病临床诊断及介入治疗的一种无创筛选方法;能较可靠地排除临床表现不明确的冠心病患者,尤其是评价左主干、左前降支和回旋支的近端准确度非常高。     

16层CT冠状动脉成像与选择性冠状动脉造影的对比研究

目的:探讨16层CT对冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的显示情况及临床价值。方法:39例患者进行16层CT冠状动脉造影检查(疑似冠心病者31例,PTCA术后8例)及选择性冠状动脉造影。分析16层CT对冠状动脉各节段的显示情况。以管腔直径减小>50%为标准,判定冠状动脉狭窄。分析16层CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性及符合率,及对病变性质的显示情况。结果:16层CT对冠状动脉的总体显示率为94.8%(333/351)。评价冠状动脉病变的总体敏感性为82.2%,特异性为94.7%,符合率为86.0%。16层CT显示钙化及非钙化斑块混合存在致血管狭窄21处,高估3处;中间密度斑块致狭窄8处,高估3处;软斑块3处,无显著狭窄。16层CT能清晰显示支架位置、形态及远端血流,1例再狭窄,1例闭塞,余通畅,其结果与选择性冠状动脉造影一致。另外,16层CT显示冠状动脉起源变异2例,前降支冠状动脉瘤1例,室壁瘤1例,房间隔缺损1例。结论:16层CT冠状动脉成像是一种颇具潜力的无创性检查方法,能够较为准确、全面的评价冠状动脉病变。     

16层螺旋CT诊断冠心病的临床研究

目的:评价16层螺旋CT对冠状动脉血管狭窄节段的显示能力。方法:入选15例临床疑似冠心病的患者,进行16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像。记录患者12导联静息心电图,根据ST-T有改变的导联推测相关狭窄的冠状动脉。患者于螺旋CT检查后1周内行冠状动脉造影,以之为标准,观察16层螺旋CT和心电图对于狭窄程度≥50%的冠脉血管诊断的准确性。结果:16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对于≥50%狭窄的血管分支检出的敏感度为71.43%,特异度为97.69%,阳性预测值为83.33%,阴性预测值为96%,与冠脉造影的一致性较好。CT和心电图联合应用对冠脉狭窄节段的检出能力无提高。结论:16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对于冠状动脉有较好的显示能力;对于冠状动脉狭窄性病变的识别能力可靠,但与心电图联合应用对冠脉狭窄的诊断无进一步帮助。     

8层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的价值

目的探讨8层螺旋CT对冠状动脉疾病的诊断价值。方法32例患者进行冠状动脉8层螺旋CT成像(CT an-giography,CTA)检查(PTCA术后8例,疑似冠心病者24例),同时对这些患者进行冠状动脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG)检查。以冠状动脉主要节段管腔直径减少>50%作为诊断冠心病的标准。结果8层螺旋CT对冠状动脉的总体显示率为88.2%,评价冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性64.7%,特异性为86.2%,显示钙化以及非钙化斑块混合存在导致血管狭窄19处,其中高估3处,可以显示冠状动脉内支架位置、形态以及远段血流,但难以准确显示支架内再狭窄和闭塞。结论8层螺旋CT对诊断冠状动脉疾病的意义有限。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床价值

目的：评价多层螺旋CT在无创冠状动脉造影中的临床价值。方法：82例临床诊断或可疑的冠心病患者，行16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像，采用回顾性心电门控技术，静脉注射对比剂扫描，经三维重建处理，用不同的方式充分显示冠状动脉血管各段，观察管腔狭窄情况，同时评估其管壁钙化情况，其中10例患者同时行介入法冠状动脉造影，进行对照研究。结果：16层螺旋CT对冠状动脉整体形态显示清晰，对冠状动脉近段、中段显示良好，对部分远段血管狭窄尚有不足，对冠状动脉血管钙化的显示最为准确、敏感。结论：正确处理检查中的各种影响因素，16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影可显示冠状动脉狭窄情况，对中、高度狭窄或闭塞的显示具有较高的准确性，尤其对冠心病的筛选及介入术后疗效评估具有较高的临床价值。     

多层CT冠状动脉造影临床价值的初步探讨

目的　初步探讨无创性多层CT冠状动脉造影 (MSCTCA)的临床应用价值及局限性。方法　收集进行多层CT冠状动脉造影患者 2 0例 (临床疑诊为冠心病者 15例 ,冠状动脉血管成形术并置入支架者 5例 )。以管腔直径减少≥5 0 %作为判定狭窄的标准 ,对各冠状动脉主要分支进行节段分析 ,并与传统冠状动脉造影结果进行对比。结果　 84.4%的冠脉节段图像质量可以进一步评价。MSCTCA检出冠状动脉病变的敏感度为 75 % ( 6/ 8) ,特异度为 94.9% ( 13 1/ 13 8)。对于支架节段 ,MSCTCA可准确显示支架位置、形态及远端血流情况 ,可排除支架闭塞及高度狭窄。结论　多层CT冠状动脉造影可显示较长节段的冠状动脉 ,较为准确地认定冠状动脉病变 ,有潜力成为无创性诊断冠状动脉疾病的有力工具。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉显像对老年冠心病的诊断评价

目的:评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)冠状动脉显像对老年冠心病的诊断价值。方法:对2005年3月至2006年3月我院60例临床诊断或可疑冠心病人进行MSCT冠状动脉成像和导管法冠状动造影检查,评价其诊断价值。结果:MSCT能满足影像学评价的冠状动脉节段而言,MSCT显示冠状动脉中度或中度以上狭窄(≥50%)的敏感度和特异度分别为77.5%和97.8%(!2=284.25,P=0.000);显示冠状动脉高度狭窄(≥75%)或完全闭塞的敏感度和特异度分别为80%和99.3%(!2=320.03,P=0.000)。结论:MSCT对显示有临床意义的冠状动脉狭窄(≥50%)具有优良诊断价值。     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用

目的：探讨16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用价值。方法：使用西门子16层螺旋CT对45例冠心病患者进行冠状动脉增强扫描,其中30例同时行DSA冠状动脉造影对照。结果：45例共显示461个节段,显示冠状动脉狭窄36例（89处）。结论：16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像安全、易行,可作为检杏冠心病的方法。     

16层螺旋CT冠脉成像对冠心病诊断价值探讨

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT冠脉成像对冠心病的诊断价值.方法 采用16层螺旋CT对80例疑诊冠心病患者的冠脉主干及主要分支315节段进行重建和分析,以选择性冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果为金指标,评价其诊断冠心病的灵敏性和特异性.结果 16层螺旋CT能清晰显示冠脉主干及分支狭窄、管壁软硬斑块状况、开口起源异常等病变,诊断冠脉病变的灵敏度86%,特异度95%,阳性预测值89%,阴性预测值96%.结论 16层螺旋CT冠脉成像对冠脉狭窄病变、桥血管、支架管腔均显影良好,对钙化病变诊断率优于冠脉造影,发现斑块位置及判断其易损性是对CAG的补充,可作为冠心病高危人群无创性筛选检查及术前评价和术后复查的首选方法.     

螺旋CT评估冠状动脉狭窄与钙化的价值

选择2004-10/2005-07在徐州医学院附属医院心内科住院的临床诊断或疑诊冠心病的患者33例作16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像。男14例,女19例;年龄范围43～81岁。采用回顾性心电门控、0.4s/周扫描,其结果与冠状动脉造影对照。共评价33例患者的396个冠状动脉节段,可用于诊断者344个节段,约占86.9%。对符合评价条件的冠状动脉节段16层螺旋CT诊断≥50%狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为:87.7%,94.3%,78.0%,97.0%。根据冠状动脉造影结果,冠心病26例,非冠心病7例,16层螺旋CT发现冠心病患者含钙化节段59个,无钙化节段215个,非冠心病受检者中检出含钙化节段3个,无钙化节段67个。两者比较差异显著(P<0.005)。16层螺旋CT显示冠状动脉狭窄具有较高的敏感性、特异性和准确性,可以作为筛选冠状动脉病变的影像学诊断方法。16层螺旋CT可发现冠心病与非冠心病冠状动脉钙化的差异,钙化广泛者应建议冠状动脉造影检查。     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影与传统冠状动脉造影的对照研究

目的探讨64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影（computed tomography coronary angiography, CTCA）,,对冠状动脉疾病的诊断价值。方法56例确诊或怀疑为冠心病的患者均行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和传统冠状动脉造影（conventional coro-nary angiography,CCA）检查,并以CCA的诊断结果作为金标准,采用美国心脏协会冠状动脉改良分段法,分析共825个冠状动脉节段CTCA图像质量及其对冠状动脉狭窄的显示情况,得出CTCA诊断有意义病变（冠状动脉狭窄≥50％）fl＇,J正确性,并分析影响CTCA图像质量的主要因素。结果798个冠状动脉节段图像可以满足诊断要求,12个节段中因运动伪影或15个节段管壁严重钙化无法对血管腔进行评估。64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像诊断≥50％狭窄总的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性分别为88．1％、97．8％、89．9％、97．4％和96％。影响图像质量主要因素为快心率、严重钙化。结论64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量高,对冠状动脉疾病的诊断十分准确,可作为一种简便易行、安全可靠的无创性筛查冠心病的有效方法。     

Accuracy and rate of coronary artery segment visualization with CT angiography for the non-invasive detection of coronary artery stenoses

Objectives To evaluate CT coronary angiography (CTA) when compared with catheter coronary angiography (CCA), for the detection of coronary artery stenoses and rate of optimal coronary artery segment visualization. Method Retrospective, two-center study enrolling 26 patients who underwent CCA and ECG-gated 16-detector CTA (slice thickness 0.6 mm; rotation 500 ms). Results and conclusion 283 segments were available for postprocessing. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were, respectively, 80, 100, and 100%, for detecting more than 50% luminal stenoses, when optimally visualized segments were considered, in comparison to CCA. Negative predictive value was excellent (98%). Rate of non-optimally visualized coronary segments was 26%. Most clinical benefits of coronary CT angiography should probably be obtained when it is performed to exclude significant stenoses on selected populations of patients with a low pre-test probability of severe coronary artery disease, and under optimal conditions of controlled heart rate and minimal presence of calcium.     

Comparison of non-invasive electron-beam and multislice CT angiography efficacy for detection of coronary artery stenosis

AIM: To compare diagnostic value of electron-beam CT (EBT) and multislice CT (MSCT) angiography in detection of coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 140 CAD patients who had undergone EBT (n = 97) or 4-slice CT (n = 43) coronary angiography and conventional coronary angiography as a gold standard were included in the study. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of EBT angiography in coronary stenosis detection (proximal and mid segments) were 86 and 97%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of MSCT angiography were 87 and 98%, respectively. 6 and 7% of coronary segments were excluded from the study because of bad image quality in EBT and MSCT groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: No significant difference was registered in diagnostic value of EBT and 4-slice MSCT angiography in coronary artery stenosis detection.     

Noninvasive angiography and assessment of left ventricular function using multislice computed tomography in patients with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: Early identification of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with diabetes is important because these patients are at increased risk for CAD and have worse outcome than nondiabetic patients after CAD is diagnosed. Recently, noninvasive coronary angiography and assessment of left ventricular function has been demonstrated with multislice computed tomography (MSCT). The purpose of the present study was to validate this approach in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: MSCT was performed in 30 patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes. From the MSCT images, coronary artery stenoses (> or =50% luminal narrowing) and left ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction, regional wall motion) were evaluated and compared with results of conventional angiography and two-dimensional echocardiography. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty of 256 coronary artery segments (86%) were interpretable with MSCT. In these segments, sensitivity and specificity for detection of coronary artery stenoses were 95%. Including the uninterpretable segments, sensitivity and specificity were 81 and 82%, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis in the comparison of left ventricular ejection fractions demonstrated a mean difference of -0.48 +/- 3.8% for MSCT and echocardiography, which was not significantly different from 0. Agreement between the two modalities for assessment of regional contractile function was excellent (91%, kappa statistic 0.81). CONCLUSIONS: Accurate noninvasive evaluation of both the coronary arteries and left ventricular function with MSCT is feasible in patients with type 2 diabetes. This noninvasive approach may allow optimal identification of high-risk patients.     

Patterns of coronary arterial lesion calcification by a novel, cross-sectional CT angiographic assessment

To investigate the patterns and diagnostic implications of coronary arterial lesion calcification by CT angiography (CTA) using a novel, cross-sectional grading method, we studied 371 patients enrolled in the CorE-64 study who underwent CTA and invasive angiography for detecting coronary artery stenoses by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). The number of quadrants involving calcium on a cross-sectional view for ≥30 and ≥50 % lesions in 4,511 arterial segments was assessed by CTA according to: noncalcified, mild (one-quadrant), moderate (two-quadrant), severe (three-quadrant) and very severe (four-quadrant calcium). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate CTA diagnostic accuracy and agreement versus. QCA for plaque types. Only 4 % of ≥50 % stenoses by QCA were very severely calcified while 43 % were noncalcified. AUC for CTA to detect ≥50 % stenoses by QCA for non-calcified, mildly, moderately, severely, and very severely calcified plaques were 0.90, 0.88, 0.83, 0.76 and 0.89, respectively (P < 0.05). In 198 lesions with severe calcification, the presence or absence of a visible residual lumen by CTA was associated with ≥50 % stenosis by QCA in 20.3 and 76.9 %, respectively. Kappa was 0.93 for interobserver variability in evaluating plaque calcification. We conclude that calcification of individual coronary artery lesions can be reliably graded using CTA. Most ≥50 % coronary artery stenoses are not or only mildly calcified. If no residual lumen is seen on CTA, calcified lesions are predictive of ≥50 % stenoses and vice versa. CTA diagnostic accuracy for detecting ≥50 % stenoses is reduced in lesions with more than mild calcification due to lower specificity.     

40层螺旋CT对冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影的对比研究

目的 研究40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉疾病的诊断价值.方法 搜集79例可疑或已确诊为冠心病的患者进行40层螺旋CT扫描和常规冠状动脉造影,然后对2种检查方法的结果进行对比分析.结果 79例患者共有711个冠状动脉节段,其中675个（94.94%）可用于评价,结果显示40层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉病变的敏感性为88.04%,特异性为91.08%,阳性预测值为77.47%,阴性预测值为93.56%.对冠状动脉〉50%狭窄的检出准确率为90.66%.结论 40层螺旋CT对冠心病的诊断及病变程度的评估具有较高的准确性、特异性和敏感性,可用于冠心病的初步筛选.     

Automatic segmentation, detection and quantification of coronary artery stenoses on CTA

Accurate detection and quantification of coronary artery stenoses is an essential requirement for treatment planning of patients with suspected coronary artery disease. We present a method to automatically detect and quantify coronary artery stenoses in computed tomography coronary angiography. First, centerlines are extracted using a two-point minimum cost path approach and a subsequent refinement step. The resulting centerlines are used as an initialization for lumen segmentation, performed using graph cuts. Then, the expected diameter of the healthy lumen is estimated by applying robust kernel regression to the coronary artery lumen diameter profile. Finally, stenoses are detected and quantified by computing the difference between estimated and expected diameter profiles. We evaluated our method using the data provided in the Coronary Artery Stenoses Detection and Quantification Evaluation Framework. Using 30 testing datasets, the method achieved a detection sensitivity of 29 % and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 24 % as compared to quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), and a sensitivity of 21 % and a PPV of 23 % as compared manual assessment based on consensus reading of CTA by 3 observers. The stenoses degree was estimated with an absolute average difference of 31 %, a root mean square difference of 39.3 % when compared to QCA, and a weighted kappa value of 0.29 when compared to CTA. A Dice of 68 and 65 % was reported for lumen segmentation of healthy and diseased vessel segments respectively. According to the ranking of the evaluation framework, our method finished fourth for stenosis detection, second for stenosis quantification and second for lumen segmentation.     

Eight-Row Multidetector Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography Evaluation of Significant Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate whether 8-row multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography (MDCT-CA) could replace invasive conventional coronary angiography (CCA) in patients with acquired severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). Coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis should be obtained with a noninvasive method in patients with AS undergoing valvular replacement. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT-CA in detecting high-grade (≥50%) stenoses in the main coronary arteries in patients with AS.Methods Twenty-three patients with acquired severe AS underwent both CCA and MDCT-CA. We calculated the total and volumetric calcium scores and evaluated the image quality of each coronary segment as assessable or nonassessable for stenosis. The images of the arteries were evaluated for the occurrence of artifacts and the presence of high-grade stenoses (≥50%) by visual estimation and comparison with that of CCA.Results Of the 322 segments screened 224 were assessable for stenosis. Heavy calcium load rendered 37 (38%) of the 98 coronary segments nonassessable.Compared to CCA, MDCT-CA had a sensitivity of 63%, a specificity of 96%, a positive predictive value of 52%, and a negative predictive value of 98% for ≥50% stenoses in the main coronary arteries.Conclusions Eight-row MDCT-CA revealed a low sensitivity in detecting significant coronary artery disease in patients with acquired severe AS. High calcium burden decreased visualization of the lumen and complicated most often a correct assessment. In this patient group, CCA should still remain the primary pre-surgical test to rule out coronary lesions requiring revascularization.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像对冠状动脉畸形的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在分析诊断先天性冠状动脉畸形中的价值。方法回顾性分析2051例行多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像影像资料,统计冠状动脉畸形的发生率,并分析冠状动脉畸形的CT影像表现。结果2051例行多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的人群中,发现冠状动脉畸形57例,检出率为2.8%,其中51例为冠状动脉起源和走行异常,3例为冠状动脉瘤,3例为冠状动脉瘘。结论多层螺旋CT成像在冠状动脉畸形的诊断和预后判断中有应用价值。     

Current results and new developments of coronary angiography with use of contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the heart.

Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) is the reference standard for x-ray-based tomographic imaging of the heart because of its high temporal resolution, but it is available in only a few centers. Quantification of coronary calcium is the most widely recognized use of EBCT for cardiac imaging. This technique requires no contrast media and provides an accurate assessment of overall plaque burden in the coronary tree; however, it does not directly identify or localize coronary stenoses. Multislice spiral (helical) CT (MSCT) is a new technology that provides images of the beating heart in diagnostic quality under many circumstances and may facilitate the broader application of cardiac and coronary CT. Currently, for imaging of the heart, much more experience exists with EBCT than with MSCT. Contrast-enhanced CT coronary angiography (CTCA) can be done with EBCT or MSCT to obtain images of the major branches of the coronary tree and to define luminal narrowing. Studies at experienced centers performed with small numbers of patients show that sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value are good with CTCA in the assessment of obstructive coronary artery disease, but CTCA remains an investigational technique for these applications. Computed tomographic coronary angiography can be clinically useful for assessing coronary artery bypass graft patency and congenital coronary abnormalities.