Free toe pulp transfer for digital reconstruction after high-pressure injection injury

We report two cases of high-pressure injection injuries to the fingertip in which free toe pulp flaps were used to resurface the palmar surface of the finger following extensive wound debridement. There was good return of sensibility and, because of the high durability of the donor skin, both patients regained good functional use of the injured digits and returned to heavy manual work. There was minimal associated morbidity of the donor sites. The free toe pulp flap represents an excellent alternative for resurfacing the digit with a large residual skin defect after high-pressure injection injury.     

Microsurgical free toe pulp transfer for digital reconstruction

Posttraumatic fingertip reconstruction with a free toe pulp neurovascular flap, first described in 1979, has not been frequently reported. We present our results with 8 free transfers of the toe pulp and demonstrate the successful restoration of a well-padded and sensitive fingertip. All patients, studied with a follow-up of up to 20 months, recovered a discriminative sensibility of the thumb and main fingers, with a stationary two-point discrimination test between 5 and 12 mm and a moving two-point discrimination test between 4 and 8 mm. In spite of the good results obtained, we believe this procedure must be chosen only in certain circumstances. We present the indications and the contraindications for this digital reconstruction.     

Free neurovascular cutaneous toe pulp transfer for thumb reconstruction

Free vascularized toe pulp transfer to the thumb is a technique to restore sensibility and durable soft tissue coverage to the thumb. This article reviews alternative techniques for coverage; the neurovascular anatomy of the great toe; and the technique of microvascular toe pulp transfer. Although the procedure is technically demanding, it provides excellent coverage with minimal donor morbidity.     

足趾复合组织瓣游离移植修复指腹完整或部分完整的末节缺损

目的:观察足趾复合组织瓣对指腹完整或部分完整的末节缺损的修复效果。方法:根据手指末节缺损的情况及拟吻合的受区血管设计、切取皮瓣,将皮瓣移植到供区并建立血液循环。结果:10例患者的皮瓣均Ⅰ期成活,随访6个月～1年,外形、功能及感觉恢复满意。结论:为保留指腹,足趾复合组织瓣移植是一种理想的修复方式,值得推广。     

Free toe pulp flap for finger pulp and volar defect reconstruction

Background:Fingertip injury requiring flap cover is very common in the modern era. The ideal cover should fulfill both functional and aesthetic improvement.Results:Five flaps survived completely, one suffered partial loss, and one flap failed completely. The median follow-up period was 9 months. The median duration of surgery was 255 min (range 210 to 300 min). The median two-point discrimination was 6.5 mm (range 4–8 mm). There was the return of temperature sensation in all patients; two had cold intolerance. The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament score varied from 3.61 to 5.07 (median filament index value 4.31/pressure value of 2 g/mm²). Three patients had delayed donor site wound healing.Conclusions:The free toe pulp flap is an efficient choice for fingertip and volar finger defects reconstruction with an excellent tissue match.KEY WORDS: Finger defect, free toe pulp flap, pulp defect, reconstruction, volar defect     

趾腹游离皮瓣移植修复指腹缺损19例

目的 研究拇指及其他手指指腹缺损修复的一种可行方法。方法 对1987年来应用吻合血管游离趾腹皮瓣移植，修复拇指及其他手指指腹缺损19例。结果 19例移植皮瓣全部成功。术后随访3个月－12年，修复的指腹外观饱满，皮纹清晰，两点分辨觉为6－8mm，修复指持物时无疼痛；供足于移植术后以皮片修复，无瘢痕及胼胝形成，无任何功能影响。结论 与其他修复指腹缺损的方法相比，趾腹游离皮瓣移植对单一的指腹缺损修复更加理想。     

Robot-assisted free toe pulp transfer: feasibility study

The current tendency of microsurgery is heading toward supermicrosurgery and microsurgery assisted by robotics. The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of a free hallux hemipulp transfer with a surgical robot in a cadaveric model. We used a human body. The intervention was realized by a Da Vinci SI? robot (Intuitive Surgical?, Sunnyvale, CA) in two stages: first taking off the medial hallux hemipulp, then transferring the hallux hemipulp to the radial thumb hemipulp. The intervention lasted 1 hour 59 minutes, exclusively with the Da Vinci SI? robot, without any interruption or outside intervention. Despite the absence of sensory feedback and an intervention 25% longer than in conventional microsurgery, we have demonstrated the feasibility of free hallux hemipulp transfer with a surgical robot. In the future, it is likely that the added benefits of the robot (physiological tremor suppression, user-friendly ergonomics, ultraprecise control of the instruments) will make the robot an indispensable tool for the surgeon.     

游离足趾和甲瓣移植再造拇手指42例

目的：介绍临床应用游离足趾、甲瓣移植再造拇手指的实践经验。方法：１９８８年起，应用游离足趾、甲瓣及姆甲瓣加第２跖趾关节联合移植等多种方法，再造拇手指４２例４５指。结果：除１例失败外，其余全部成活，成活率达９８％（４４／４５）。 ２３例经 １～２年随访，患者对再造拇手指的运动、感觉和外形，自我满意率达７８．３％（１８／２３）。结论：在选择再造拇指的术式时，如游离足趾、甲瓣、跖趾关节或带足青复合组织瓣移植等，应考虑到缺损手指数目、残端条件及工作性质等综合因素后，才能作出合理的手术方案。     

Microvascular second toe transfer for digital reconstruction.

Reconstruction of a severely damaged hand, with multiple amputations of digits, presents a difficult reconstructive problem. The development of a safe method of transfer of the great toe for thumb reconstruction, using the dorsalis pedis artery and the saphenous vein, suggested the possibility of one-stage microvascular transfer of the second toe for reconstruction of fingers. In two patients a one-stage transfer of the second toe was done to replace an index finger and in another for restoration of part of the left ring finger. The transplants survived without anticoagulants and vessel complications were not encountered. Sensory return was adequate and a significant improvement in function was achieved.     

指固有神经背侧支移位重建指腹感觉功能

目的 介绍示中环指指固有神经背侧支移位,修复同指对侧指固有神经或邻指指固有神经撕脱离断伤的方法.方法 2003年8月至2008年12月,对56例72指指固有神经撕脱离断伤患者,取同指对侧或邻指相邻侧指固有神经背侧支移位,与受损指固有神经远断端缝合修复.结果 术后56例均获得6个月至1.5年的随访,平均1年2个月.修复侧指腹感觉均恢复,两点分辨觉为6～9 mm(平均7.3 mm),感觉为S4.指腹饱满.结论 示中环指指固有神经背侧支移位,修复同指对侧指固有神经或邻指指固有神经撕脱离断伤的方法,能恢复指腹良好感觉,方法简单,疗效确切.

Abstract：

Objective To introduce the surgical method of transferring dorsal branch of the proper digital nerve of index, middle or ring finger to the lacerated digital nerve on the opposite side of the same finger or the neighboring finger. Methods From August 2003 to December 2008, 72 lacerated proper digital nerves in 56 cases were repaired by transferring dorsal branch of the proper digital nerve from the opposite side of the same finger or from the neighboring side of the neighboring finger. The transferred nerve was coapted to the distal end of the lacerated nerve. Results All 56 cases were followed for 6 months to 1.5 years postoperatively, with an average of 14 months. Recovery of sensation of the reinnervated finger pulps was observed in all cases. Two-point discrimination was 6 to 9 mm, average being 7.3 mm. Sensory function was rated as S4. The pulps were full in contour. Conclusion Transferring dorsal branch of the proper digital nerve of index, middle or ring finger to the lacerated digital nerve on the opposite side of the same finger or the neighboring finger was a simple and effective method to restore sensory function of the pulp.     

Free toe pulp transfer in thumb reconstruction. Experience in the West of Scotland Regional Plastic Surgery Unit

We report a detailed evaluation of 13 patients who have undergone free toe pulp transfer in thumb reconstruction at the West of Scotland Regional Plastic Surgery Unit. Using the lateral aspect of the great toe pulp, the average time for transfer was 7.5 hours and the average moving 2 P.D. achieved in the thumb reconstructions was 9.6 mm. Morbidity in the donor toe was minimal, but pain and hypersensitivity limited the usefulness of some reconstructed thumbs and cold intolerance was frequent (73%).     

Homodigital neurovascular island flaps for digital pulp loss

Terminal amputations with loss of the distal pulp are common injuries. This report analyses 64 consecutive cases of advanced or exchanged homodigital neurovascular island flaps operated on by one surgeon between 1981-1986. The surgical technique, indications, contra-indications and five year results are evaluated. Overall, these flaps provide reliable vascularity as well as normal sensibility at the distal end of the finger where high quality perception is required.     

外伤性拇指指腹缺损修复方法的疗效分析

目的探讨外伤性拇指指腹缺损的手术修复方法并对各术式的疗效进行分析,总结围手术期的注意事项。方法对46例外伤性拇指指腹缺损患者的三种手术修复方式的疗效作回顾性分析。结果46例移植皮瓣成活43例,成活率93．5％。43例随访18—36月,平均24月,指腹感觉采用中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定：25例恢复至S4,18例恢复至s3,疗效满意。结论根据拇指指腹缺损类型,采取恰当有效地修复术式,加强手术期的管理是外伤性拇指指腹缺损修复成功的重要保证。     

游离胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣供区创面

目的　介绍应用游离胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣供区创面,为减少供区损伤提供治疗方法.方法 2009年6月至2010年12月,对5例拇、手指软组织缺损,采用(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植修复,对(足母)趾供区创面同时采用游离胫后动脉穿支皮瓣进行移植修复,小腿供区创面直接缝合.结果 术后5例游离(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣和胫后动脉穿支皮瓣全部存活,皮瓣外观和功能恢复良好,平均随访时间7个月,(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣和胫后动脉穿支皮瓣两点分辨觉平均为5mm和7mm.结论 游离(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣修复拇、手指软组织损伤的同时应用胫后动脉穿支皮瓣一期修复(足母)趾供区创面,避免了术后局部疼痛、皮肤破溃等并发症,是一种理想的覆盖供区创面的治疗方法.     

保留足趾的自体复合第2足趾关节移植治疗手指关节炎

目的 探讨保留足趾的自体复合第2足趾关节移植治疗手指关节炎的临床疗效.方法 2016年2月至2018年6月,共收治创伤性手指关节炎9例,其中男7例,女2例;年龄19~53岁,平均31.7岁;示指3例,中指6例;掌指关节(MP)关节炎4例,近侧指骨间关节(PIP)关节炎5例;均为创伤后继发的手指关节炎.采用游离带血供的自体复合第2足趾跖趾或趾骨间关节移植进行治疗,同时将受区废弃关节(7例)或切取自体髂骨移植(2例)修复供区骨缺损保留足趾长度,供区创面均直接关闭.术后观察手指和足趾骨折愈合情况、外形、移植关节活动度(ROM)、术后供区愈合情况和行走功能及相关并发症.结果 本组术后9例移植关节全部成活,1例足部供区行髂骨植骨微型钢板固定,术后1周伤口不愈合,考虑为内固定物排异反应,予拆除钢板改克氏针交叉固定,2周后创口顺利愈合.术后随访6~30个月,平均16.3个月.手指骨折平均愈合时间7~10周,平均8.3周,手指外观及功能良好.移植后的MP活动度为50°~75°,平均65.3°,PIP活动度为10°~85°,平均60.6°.根据中华医学会手外科学分会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评价手指功能:优5例,良3例,可1例,优良率为88.9%.足趾骨折平均愈合时间9~12周,平均10.2周,所有患者足趾外形良好,行走功能正常.2例取髂骨患者供区仅残留一条线形瘢痕,无疼痛、麻木等不适.结论 游离带血供的自体复合第2足趾关节移植治疗手指关节炎,同时应用受区废弃关节或切取自体髂骨移植修复供区骨缺损保留足趾,不仅能恢复手指关节的正常结构,使关节具有良好的功能,而且能保留足趾外形与功能,减少供区损伤,具有良好的治疗效果.