MRI与骨扫描诊断前列腺癌骨转移的比较

目的 通过比较MRI与核素骨扫描对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断,以选择最优的无创成像手段来明确前列腺癌的分期。材料与方法 回顾性分析2011年1月-2013年6月经病理证实为前列腺癌的病人252例。年龄57~88岁,平均年龄（73±7.98）岁,分别获取并比较MRI和骨扫描对前列腺癌骨转移诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（ＮＰＶ）。结果 54例病人诊断为骨转移（成骨性骨转移48例,混合性骨转移6例）。80%（41/54）的前列腺癌骨转移病人的前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）>50 ng/mL,而92%（182/19８）的前列腺癌无骨转移病人的PSA<50 ng/mL。MRI诊断前列腺癌骨转移的敏感度、特异度、准确度、PPV、NPV分别为85.1%、100%、96.8%、100%、96.1%;全身骨扫描诊断前列腺癌骨转移的敏感度、特异度、准确度、PPV、NPV分别为92.5%、84.3%、86.1%、61.7%、97.6%。结论 MRI对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断特异度、准确度及PPV较高,骨扫描的敏感度较高。MRI与骨扫描可以实现优势互补,利于前列腺癌的准确临床分期。     

单电子发射断层成像/CT同机图像融合诊断乳腺癌骨转移的临床研究

目的评价单电子发射断层成像(SPECT)/CT同机图像融合显像对全身骨显像难于确诊乳腺癌骨病灶的鉴别诊断价值。方法对单纯全身骨显像难于确诊的75例乳腺癌患者的153个病灶行局部SPECT/CT同机融合断层显像。以临床病理、磁共振成像(MRI)、CT、骨扫描复查或PET/CT检查为确诊依据,计算诊断符合率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果单纯全身骨显像无法确诊的153个病灶,经SPECT/CT融合断层正确诊断的恶性病灶51个(33.3%),良性病灶89个(58.2%)。诊断符合率91.5%,灵敏度92.7%,特异度90.8%,阳性预测值85.0%,阴性预测值95.7%。结论 SPECT/CT同机图像融合显像能够对单独SPECT骨扫描难于确诊的病灶进行准确诊断,明显地提高了乳腺癌骨转移病灶的诊断准确性,在女性乳腺癌患者骨病灶的鉴别诊断中具有很高的临床应用价值。     

xSPECT/CT在小儿神经母细胞瘤骨转移诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨xSPECT/CT断层骨显像在小儿神经母细胞瘤骨转移诊断中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的108例神经母细胞瘤患儿的全身骨显像、xSPECT/CT及SPECT/CT断层骨显像资料,比较xSPECT/CT断层骨显像与SPECT/CT断层骨显像两种不同图像对神经母细胞瘤骨转移诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、核医学医师的诊断信心及图像质量。结果 xSPECT/CT断层骨显像对小儿神经母细胞瘤骨转移诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为95.24%、95.56%、95.37%、96.77%、93.48%;SPECT/CT断层骨显像的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为84.13%、95.56%、88.89%、96.36%、81.13%,且xSPECT/CT断层骨显像能提高核医学医师的诊断信心及图像质量,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 xSPECT/CT能提高图像质量,同时提升核医学医师对骨转移的诊断信心和诊断质量,从而早期诊断患儿骨转移情况,进一步改善患儿预后。     

SPECT/CT融合显像在肿瘤患者骨盆病变中的诊断价值

目的 评价99Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐（MDP） SPECT/CT融合显像对肿瘤患者骨盆转移病灶的诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析2018年8至12月于四川省肿瘤医院经组织病理学检查确诊为恶性肿瘤且临床疑似有骨转移的148例患者的临床资料,其中男性77例、女性71例,年龄29~86（48.8±14.5）岁。将患者分为原发盆腔肿瘤组（63例）和非原发盆腔肿瘤组（85例）。所有患者在首次行SPECT全身平面骨显像后,对骨盆的异常浓聚灶行SPECT/CT融合显像。经组织病理学检查和（或）影像学检查（SPECT、CT、SPECT/CT、MRI）随访6个月至1年,通过随访结果,比较SPECT平面骨显像与SPECT/CT融合显像诊断骨转移的符合率、准确率和阳性预测值。定性资料的比较采用Pearson χ2检验;采用单因素方差分析比较多个影像学检查的阳性预测值。 结果 SPECT平面骨显像共检出309个代谢增高病灶,其中239个与随访结果相符,诊断符合率为77.3%（239/309）,诊断骨转移的准确率为92.9%（208/224）,诊断良性病变的准确率为77.3%（34/44）。SPECT/CT融合显像共检出367个代谢增高病灶,其中349个与随访结果相符,诊断符合率为95.1%（349/367）,诊断骨转移的准确率为98.4%（299/304）,诊断良性病变的准确率为87.7%（50/57）。SPECT平面骨显像与SPECT/CT融合显像在诊断符合率、骨转移的诊断准确率、良性病变的诊断准确率间的差异均有统计学意义（χ2=0.595、28.795、4.546,均P<0.01）。SPECT/CT融合显像在骨盆病变中检出的病灶数多于SPECT平面骨显像,原发盆腔肿瘤组检出病灶数多于非原发盆腔肿瘤组,且差异有统计学意义（χ2=17.385,P=0.036）。各种影像学检查的阳性预测值以SPECT/CT最高（84%,52/62）,其余依次为SPECT（79%,48/61）、MRI（76%,47/62）和 CT（65%,39/60）,其阳性预测值间的差异有统计学意义（F=5.492,P=0.003）。 结论 与SPECT平面骨显像相比,99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT可以提高肿瘤患者骨盆转移灶鉴别诊断的准确率和原发性盆腔肿瘤骨转移灶的检出率。     

SPECT/低剂量CT融合显像技术在肺癌骨转移诊断中的应用

目的探讨SPECT/低剂量CT融合显像在肺癌骨转移诊断中的应用价值。方法选取59例肺癌疑似骨转移患者行99m Tc-MDP全身骨显像及SPECT/低剂量CT融合显像,以随访结果或活检病理学检查结果为诊断标准,比较两种检查方式诊断骨转移的灵敏度,特异度,准确率,阴性、阳性预测值,并分析肺癌骨转移影像学表现。结果1)59例肺癌患者疑似骨转移病灶146处,经随访确诊肺癌骨转移病灶115处,其中发生于脊椎51处,占44.35%,胸廓30处,26.09%,骨盆16处,占13.91%,四肢11处,占9.56%,颅骨7处,占6.09%;2)SPECT/低剂量CT融合显像诊断肺癌骨转移灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为:99.13%、93.55%、98.28%、93.55%、97.95%,均高于SPECT全身显像的97.39%、67.74%、91.80%、87.5%、91.10%,其中特异度、阳性预测值及准确率差异有统计学意义(Fisher=10.144、5.688、7.101,P<0.05);3)鳞癌:脊椎、胸廓、骨盆、四肢、颅骨转移率分别为42.86%、28.57%、14.29%、7.14%、7.14%;溶骨性、成骨性骨破坏分别为75.00%、25.00%;腺癌:脊椎、胸廓、骨盆、四肢、颅骨转移率分别为46.34%、26.83%、13.41%、7.32%、6.10%;溶骨性、成骨性骨破坏分别为68.29%、30.49%,鳞癌、腺癌骨转移部位及骨破坏类型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论SPECT/低剂量CT融合显像在鉴别诊断肺癌骨转移方面具有良好临床价值,肺腺癌骨转移发生率较高。     

SPECT/CT融合显像对乳腺癌骨转移的诊断价值

目的 评价SPECT/CT融合显像对^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像难于确诊的乳腺癌骨病灶的鉴别诊断价值.方法 对^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像难于确诊的132例乳腺癌患者的210个病灶行局部SPECT/CT同机融合断层显像,以临床随访及病理检查获得最终诊断结果,计算SPECT/CT融合显像对骨转移灶的诊断准确率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,并对比不同部位病灶的诊断准确率差异.结果 ①210个病灶经SPECT/CT融合断层显像正确诊断的恶性病灶82个（39.0％）,良性病灶112个（53.3％）,诊断准确率为92.4％（194/210）,灵敏度为94.3％,特异度为91.1％,阳性预测值为88.2％,阴性预测值为95.7％.②SPECT/CT同机融合断层显像对不同部位的病灶的诊断准确率不一致,脊椎的诊断准确率最高,为95.9％（94/97）,肋骨最低,为83.7％（36/43）,其差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.81,P＜0.05）.结论 SPECT/CT同机融合显像能够对^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像难于确诊的病灶进行准确诊断,其对不同部位的病灶的诊断准确率有差异,脊椎的诊断准确率最高,肋骨最低.     

背景抑制快速全身磁共振弥散成像在评价恶性肿瘤全身脏器转移上的临床应用价值

目的 探讨背景抑制快速全身磁共振弥散成像(WB-DWI)技术在评价恶性肿瘤全身转移的临床应用价值.方法 对65例恶性肿瘤患者同时进行CT/MRI和WB-DWI检查.对照最终临床诊断结果,统计单独应用CT/MRI影像以及应用WB-DWI+CT/MRI综合影像在评价恶性肿瘤全身转移的统计学差异.结果 本组病例中,最终临床诊断出现转移病灶152处.影像评价中,单独应用CT/MRI常规检查共评价转移病灶122处,应用WB-DWI+CT/MRI的综合影像评价转移病灶165处.依据WB-DWI+CT/MRI评价恶性肿瘤全身脏器转移的敏感度为96.71%,特异度为54.05%,准确度为88.36%;依据CT/MRI评价恶性肿瘤全身脏器转移的敏感度为69.08%,特异度为54.05%,准确度为66.14%;二者在诊断恶性肿瘤全身转移上具有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论 应用WB-DWI评价恶性肿瘤全身转移具有明显的临床应用价值.     

SPECT/CT融合显像对可疑骨转移灶的诊断效能

目的：评价SPECT/CT融合显像对可疑骨转移灶的诊断效能。方法回顾性分析64例恶性肿瘤患者经全身骨显像发现的96个可疑骨转移病灶,对可疑病灶行同机SPECT/CT融合显像,由两名核医学医师分别对SPECT、CT及SPECT/CT融合显像进行分析并评分,以病理学结果或6个月以上复查影像学及临床随访结果作为最终确诊依据。SPECT/CT融合显像对可疑病灶的诊断效能通过受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）进行评价。结果 SPECT/CT显像诊断可疑骨转移灶的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为93．1%、86．8%、90．6%、91．5%和89．2%;ROC曲线下面积：SPECT/CT融合图像为0．956,CT图像为0．897,SPECT图像为0．710。结论 SPECT/CT融合显像较SPECT及CT显像具有较高的诊断效能。     

乳腺癌患者骨病灶SPECT/CT融合显像的临床价值

目的 探讨SPECT/CT融合显像诊断与鉴别乳腺癌患者全身骨显像放射性异常浓聚灶的临床价值。 方法 对25例乳腺癌患者的99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像显示的骨异常放射性浓聚灶行SPECT/CT融合显像。4~8个月后再次行全身骨显像及SPECT/CT融合显像复查。图像由两名有经验的核医学科医师独立分析, 部分CT图像由有经验的放射科医师分析指导。 结果 在25例乳腺癌患者的37个异常放射性浓聚灶中, 确定29(29/37, 78. 38%)个病灶为骨转移灶, 其中有2个椎体病灶在初次检查中判读为良性病灶; 8(8/37, 21. 62%)个病灶为良性病灶, 其中1个肋骨病灶在初次检查中判读为骨转移灶, 比较全身骨显像和SPECT/CT融合显像, 二者之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.975, P < 0.05)。骨转移灶主要分布于椎骨及肋骨。全身骨显像和SPECT/CT融合显像的诊断灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率分别为82.76%、75.00%、92.31%、54.55%、81.08%和93.10%、87.50%、96.43%、77.78%、91.89%。采用受试者操作特性曲线(ROC)进行分析, 结果:全身骨显像曲线下面积为0. 860±0. 056, SPECT/CT融合显像曲线下面积为0. 974±0. 020。SPECT/CT融合显像曲线下面积大于全身骨显像曲线下面积, 两者之间差异具有统计学意义(χ2=9. 924, P < 0.001)。 结论 SPECT/CT融合显像较全身骨显像能更好地鉴别出乳腺癌骨病灶的性质, 能够提高诊断准确率, 具有重要的临床价值; 必要时应在4~8个月后复查SPECT/CT。     

CT与MRI对胰岛素瘤定位诊断的比较研究

目的:比较CT与MRI对于胰岛素瘤定位诊断的临床价值.资料和方法:2006-09～2009-12临床疑诊胰岛素瘤患者共28名,均接受CT和MRI检查.以手术病理及临床定性诊断为对照标准,对比分析两种检查方式对胰岛素瘤的定位诊断效能.结果:19名患者经手术病理证实胰岛素瘤19例,其中CT检出12例,MRI检出16例.9名临床定性诊断除外胰岛素瘤的患者CT和MRI检查均为阴性.CT对胰岛素瘤术前定位诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为63.2%(12/19)、100%(9/9)、100%(12/12)及56.3%(9/16),MRI上述数值分别为84.2%(16/19)、100%(9/9)、100%(16/16)及75%(9/12).两种检查方法对胰岛素瘤定位诊断敏感度、阴性预测值间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.1336,P=0.4343).结论:CT和MRI对胰岛素瘤定位诊断的价值无明显差异.     

SPECT/CT骨显像在肿瘤患者可疑脊柱转移灶中的诊断价值

目的 评价99Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐(MDP)SPECT/CT骨显像对肿瘤患者可疑脊柱转移灶的诊断价值.方法 选取76例99Tcm-MDP骨显像可疑脊柱转移灶患者,进行SPECT/CT同机融合显像.76例患者中,与病理(含术中病理)检查结果对照19例,与随访1年余(2006年6月至2006年12月患者,随访至2008年3月)结果对照14例,显像结果与CT及MRI的共同结果对照43例.结果 SPECT/CT显像诊断肿瘤脊柱转移灶的灵敏度为95.83%(23/24),特异性为90.38%(47/52),准确性为92.11%(70/76),阳性预测值为82.14%(23/28),阴性预测值为97.92%(47/48),阳性似然比为9.97,阴性似然比为0.05.结论 SPECT/CT提高了肿瘤可疑脊柱转移灶鉴别诊断的准确性和特异性.     

Combined SPECT/CT improves detection of initial bone invasion and determination of resection margins in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck compared to conventional imaging modalities

Purpose

Knowledge of the presence and extent of bone infiltration is crucial for planning the resection of potential bone-infiltrating squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC). Routinely, plain-film radiography, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for preoperative staging, but they show relatively high rates of false-positive and false-negative findings. Scintigraphy with ^99mTc-bisphosphonate has the ability to show increased metabolic bone activity. If combined with anatomical imaging (e.g. (SPECT)/CT), it facilitates the precise localization of malignant bone lesions. The aim of this study was to analyse the indications and advantages of SPECT/CT compared with standard imaging modalities and histology with regard to specificity and sensitivity

Methods

A longitudinally evaluated group of 30 patients with biopsy-proven HNSCC adjacent to the mandible underwent ^99mTc-bisphosphonate SPECT/CT, MRI, MSCT and conventional radiography before partial or rim resection of the mandible was performed. Bone infiltration was first evaluated with plain films, MSCT and MRI. In a second reading, SPECT/CT data were taken into account. The results (region and certainty of bone invasion) were evaluated among the different imaging modalities and finally compared with histological specimens from surgical resection as the standard of reference. For a better evaluation of the hybrid property of SPECT/CT, a retrospectively evaluated group of 20 additional patients with tumour locations similar to those of the longitudinally examined SPECT/CT group underwent SPECT, MSCT and MRI. To assess the influence of dental foci on the specificity of the imaging modalities, all patients were separated into two subgroups depending on the presence or absence of teeth in the area of potential tumour–bone contact.

Results

Histologically proven bone infiltration was found in 17 patients (57 %) when analysed by conventional imaging modalities. SPECT/CT data revealed bone infiltration in two additional patients (7 %), who both showed discrete cortical bone erosion not visible by MSCT or MRI. There were no false-positive or false-negative findings on SPECT/CT. The quality criteria for detecting bone involvement in HNSCC by SPECT/CT were as follows: sensitivity 100 % (lower 95 % confidence interval limit 80 %), specificity 100 % (75 %), positive predictive value 100 % (80 %) and negative predictive value 100 % (75 %). Corresponding data for MRI were 95 % (76 %), 94 % (73 %), 95 % (76 %) and 94 % (73 %), and for MSCT were 89 % (71 %), 100 % (85 %), 100 % (86 %) and 88 % (69 %). In the retrospective evaluation SPECT showed results similar to SPECT/CT.

Conclusion

Hybrid SPECT/CT has a high specificity as it can provide additional information about the existence and local extent of malignant bone infiltration of the mandible. Although the sensitivity of conventional SPECT is similar to that of SPECT/CT, the latter provides a much better delineation of the local tumour–bone contact area. Based on this information, surgical intervention of the rim versus partial resection can be planned and performed more precisely. Patient outcome can be improved by avoiding undertreatment and unnecessary or overextended bone resections.     

SPECT/CT骨显像与MRI对足踝部病变诊断价值的比较

目的通过对足踝部不同类型病变的分析及与MRI对比,探讨SPECT/CT对足踝部病变的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析76例因足踝部疼痛且患足未行手术治疗、行足踝部SPECT/CT与MRI检查的患者,以检查后手术结果为“金标准”,分别计算SPECT/CT与MRI对足踝部骨病变、关节病变、软组织病变的敏感度、特异度等,比较SPECT/CT与MRI对足踝部病变的诊断价值。结果SPECT/CT与MRI对足踝部病变的总体诊断敏感度、特异度分别为76%、61%和81%、56%,差异无统计学异意义(均P>0.05)。SPECT/CT对足踝部骨病变的敏感度(95%)高于MRI(80%,P<0.005),对足踝部软组织病变的特异度(84%)明显高于MRI(42%,P<0.001)。SPECT/CT和MRI联合诊断足踝部病变的总体敏感度、特异度为98%、57%,其敏感度高于单独使用SPECT/CT或MRI(均P<0.05)。结论SPECT/CT与MRI比较,对足踝部病变的总体诊断价值相当,而对足踝部骨病变的敏感度较高,对软组织病变的特异度较高,两者联合可提高诊断价值。     

Bone marrow investigation with technetium-99m microcolloid and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with malignant myelolympho-proliferative diseases

In 63 patients with primary extramedullary malignant lymphoma or plasmacytoma, a study was performed in order to evaluate bone marrow involvement. All patients underwent a ^99mTc microcolloid bone marrow whole body imaging (scintigraphy), using a gamma camera interfaced with a computer, followed by nuclear magnetic resonance bone marrow imaging (MRI), (1.5 Tesla). MR images were made of the lumbosacral region, the pelvic region, both femoral and other parts of the skeleton, according to focal lesions in the scintigraphy. A posterior iliac crest bone marrow biopsy was used as a standard reference. In the present study, both scintigraphy and MRI showed a dissiminated or focal involvement or a combination of both. In 53 of the 63 patients (84%) the results were in accordance. Pathological MR signals or pathological findings in scintigraphy did not always correspond to tumorous bone marrow involvement, and were shown to reflect reactive changes in the central part of the skeleton in combination with a periphery radionuclide extention interpreted as a periphery compensatory hematopoetic proliferation. The negative predictive value of scintigraphy and MRI was 92% and 100%, respectively. When combining the results of both examinations, the positive predictive value increased from 49% to 58%, if the bone marrow biopsy is accepted as gold standard. The results indicate that bone marrow investigation performed simultaneously using scintigraphy and MRI is superior both to the use of either of the methods alone and to the traditional iliac crest bone marrow biopsy.     

SPECT／CT对脊柱病变鉴别诊断的价值

目的评价SPECT／CT显像在脊柱病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法对53例^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像脊柱呈放射性浓聚患者进行SPECT／CT显像,获得SPECT、CT及两者的融合图像。所有病灶均以病理学诊断及6个月以上的影像学随访为最终诊断结果,计算SPECT／CT融合图像的诊断效能。结果SPECT／CT骨显像诊断骨转移肿瘤的灵敏度为96．00％（24／25）,特异性为96．43％（27／28）,准确性为96．23％（51／53）,假阳性率为3．57％（1／28）,假阴性率为4．00％（1／25）,阳性预测值为96．00％（24／25）,阴性预测值为96．43％（27／28）。对脊柱浓聚灶诊断非转移性骨病变的灵敏度为96．43％（27／28）,特异性为96．00％（24／25）,准确性为96．23％（51／53）,假阳性率为4．00％（1／25）,假阴性率为3．57％（1／28）,阳性预测值为96．43％（27／28）,阴性预测值为96．00％（24／25）。结论SPECT／CT同机融合显像结合了CT的解剖定位功能与^99Tc^m-MDP骨显像的高灵敏度,可提高诊断的特异性和准确性,有助于对脊柱病变的鉴别诊断。     

Diagnostic value of 99mTc-MDP SPECT/spiral CT in assessing indeterminate spinal solitary lesion of patients without malignant history

Objective

Metastases and benign conditions of spine are common, however, the diagnoses of imaging modalities in the nature of spinal lesions are difficult, especially for the solitary lesions in spine. This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic value of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/spiral computed tomography (CT) in assessing indeterminate spinal solitary lesion of patients without certain medical history of malignancies.

Methods

A total of 48 patients (28 male, 20 female, average 54.9 ± 14.8 years) without malignant history but with a solitary lesion of spine on the Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate planar scintigraphy, were enrolled in this study. SPECT/spiral CT was simultaneously performed on the abnormal lesions of the spine. SPECT alone and SPECT/spiral CT images were independently analyzed and interpreted by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Finally, the indeterminate spinal single lesion was confirmed with pathological results. The agreements of the SPECT and SPECT/spiral CT diagnoses with the pathology were evaluated using a weighted kappa score, respectively.

Results

Among 48 patients, the pathological results revealed 37.5 % (18/48) benign and 62.5 % (30/48) malignant lesions. For SPECT alone, 6 of 18 benign cases and 28 of 30 malignant conditions were correctly diagnosed. For SPECT/spiral CT, 9 of 18 benign and 29 of 31 malignant lesions were exactly judged. For these patients without malignant history, the diagnostic accuracy, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SPECT and SPECT/spiral CT in assessing abnormal spinal solitary lesion were 70.8 % (34/48) vs 79.2 % (38/48), 33.3 % (6/18) vs 50.0 % (9/18), 70.0 % (28/40) vs 76.3 % (29/38), 75.0 % (6/8) vs 90.0 % (9/10), respectively. Moreover, the kappa scores for the agreement of SPECT alone and SPECT/spiral CT with the pathological confirmation were 0.300 and 0.512, respectively (both P < 0.005).

Conclusions

Compared with SPECT imaging, hybrid SPECT/spiral CT imaging improves the diagnostic accuracy and specificity in evaluating indeterminate spinal solitary lesion of patients without certain malignant history. Moreover, based on whole-body bone scan with high sensitivity, cheap price, widespread and time-saving use, SPECT/spiral CT is a good imaging modality for the diagnosis and evaluation of the nature of solitary lesion in spine.     

SPECT/CT超级骨显像影像学特征、临床表现、年龄及实验室检查指标的分析

目的 探讨99Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐（MDP） SPECT/CT超级骨显像患者的影像学特征、临床表现、年龄及实验室检查结果的差异。 方法 收集2012年6月至2021年7月于宁夏医科大学总医院行99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT显像的47 671例患者中呈超级骨显像的97例患者,其中男性54例、女性43例,年龄25~85（62.4±14.3）岁,回顾性分析97例患者的临床表现资料、影像学资料、年龄及实验室检查资料。根据病因不同,将患者分为骨转移瘤组（71例）与代谢性骨病组（26例,包括甲状旁腺瘤9例、肾性骨病6例、骨质疏松症11例）。根据原发肿瘤不同,将71例骨转移瘤组患者分为4个亚组[前列腺癌组（40例）、乳腺癌组（15例）、肺癌组（8例）、消化系统恶性肿瘤组（8例,包括胃癌4例、直肠癌2例、食管癌1例、原发性肝癌1例）]。统计分析骨转移瘤组与代谢性骨病组以及骨转移瘤组4个亚组之间99Tcm-MDP SPECT全身骨显像的特征、SPECT/CT融合显像的特征、临床表现、年龄和实验室检查[血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）]结果的差异。计量资料的组间比较采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、Wilcoxon秩和检验及Kruskal-Wallis H检验;分类变量资料的组间比较采用χ2检验。 结果 骨转移瘤（73.2%,71/97）是导致超级骨显像的最常见病因[在其原发肿瘤中,前列腺癌较常见（56.3%,40/71）],其次为代谢性骨病（26.8%,26/97）。骨转移瘤组以灶性散在分布型（Ⅱ型）为主（85.9%,61/71）,代谢性骨病组主要呈均匀对称型（ Ⅰ型）（61.5%,16/26）,2组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=21.84,P<0.001）。骨转移瘤组以成骨型（74.6%,53/71）和混合型（19.7%、14/71）骨质破坏为主,而代谢性骨病组以溶骨型（73.1%,19/26）骨质破坏为主,差异均有统计学意义（χ2=39.76、15.95,均P<0.001）。所有患者均以骨痛为初发症状,局部骨痛为主要临床表现（56.7%,55/97）。骨转移瘤组以腰痛最常见（60.0%,24/40）,代谢性骨病组多为肋骨痛（40.0%,6/15）,2组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.11,P<0.05）。骨转移瘤组患者的年龄和ALP、LDH水平均高于代谢性骨病组,而血钙水平则低于代谢性骨病组,差异均有统计学意义（t=4.89,Z=?2.28、?3.65,t=?5.96,均P<0.05）;而2组患者在血磷水平上的差异无统计学意义（t=0.01,P>0.05）。骨转移瘤组4个亚组在SPECT全身骨显像的显像模式、SPECT/CT融合显像中的骨质破坏类型、临床表现、局部骨痛部位间的差异均无统计学意义（χ2=2.71~13.07,均P>0.05） 。骨转移瘤组4个亚组间进行比较,乳腺癌组患者年龄最小、前列腺癌组患者年龄最大,乳腺癌组患者血钙水平最高,肺癌组患者LDH水平最高,且差异均有统计学意义（F=14.43、5.13,H=13.47,均P<0.05）;血磷和ALP水平的差异均无统计学意义（F=2.41,H=6.28,均 P>0.05）。 结论 超级骨显像病因中以骨转移瘤最常见,其次为代谢性骨病。2种病因超级骨显像患者在99Tcm-MDP SPECT全身骨显像、病灶处99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT融合显像、临床表现、年龄及实验室检查结果方面均有差异,99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT在2种病因超级骨显像的鉴别中有一定价值。     

Bone scintigraphy and the added value of SPECT (single photon emission tomography) in detecting skeletal lesions.

Skeletal metastases are one of the major clinical problems for the oncologist. Over the last several decades bone scintigraphy has been used extensively in detecting bone involvement since it can provide information about disease location, prognosis and the effectiveness of treatment. Bone scan offers the advantage of total body examination, and images bone lesions earlier than other techniques. In this paper the main clinical problems related to the most common applications of bone scan in breast, prostate, lung cancer and other tumours are discussed. The experience carried out at the National Cancer Institute of Milan by using bone SPECT to detect single bone metastases is reported. One hundred and eighteen patients with bone metastases (from different tumour types: breast, lung, prostate, lymphomas, etc.) were studied by planar scintigraphy, SPECT and other radiological modalities (CT, MRI or X-rays). The overall performances of bone SPECT were sensitivity: 90.5% (19/21), specificity 92.8% (90/97), positive predictive value 73% (19/26), negative predictive value 97.8% (90/92), accuracy 92.4% (109/118). Considering breast cancer, the most frequent pathology in our series, and the lumbar spinal tract, the most common skeletal segment involved, the figures of merit of SPECT were: sensitivity 100% (4/4), specificity 95.3% (41/43), positive predictive value 66.7% (4/6), negative predictive value 100% (41/41), accuracy 95.7% (45/47). In conclusion bone SPECT showed very good performances, in particular improving the predictive value of planar scan in the diagnosis of vertebral metastases.