Risk factors for osteoporosis in men

 We evaluated the risk factors for osteoporosis in men. The subjects of this study consisted of 686 healthy middle-aged (40–59 years) men who had undergone bone mineral density (BMD) measurement and medical examination, including physical strength. BMD of L2-4 was measured at the anterior-posterior position, using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Physical investigations, such as height, weight, and physical strength, were carried out on the examination day. Details of tobacco and alcohol consumption, exercise, and food intake were described on a questionnaire completed by the subjects. Sixty-five (9.5%) of the 686 subjects had a BMD less than 2.5 SD below the peak bone mass (PBM), 182 (26.5%) had a BMD between 1 SD and 2.5 SD below the PBM; and 439 (64.0%) had a BMD no less than 1 SD below the PBM. Body mass index (BMI) and leg strength were significant positive determinants of BMD, and smoking was a significant negative determinant on multiple regression analysis, with a coefficient of determination of 9.5%. Calcium intake, exercise, and alcohol consumption were not significant determinants of BMD. These results suggest that poor lifestyle behaviors (i.e., smoking) accelerate the reduction of bone density. Received: March 22, 2002 / Accepted: August 12, 2002 RID="*" ID="*"  Present address: Osaka Municipal Health Promotion Center, 3-10-1-200 Abenosuji, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-0052, Japan Acknowledgments. The authors thank Professor Harry K. Genant, M.D., Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, for his helpful comments. Offprint requests to: K. Izumotani     

Risk factors for osteoporosis for residents of Kiwa

We evaluated 207 individuals (49 men and 158 women) living in a small town in central Japan to identify the risk factors for, and the etiology of, osteoporosis. Female sex, advanced age, short stature, low body weight, and deficiencies in calcium and protein intake were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Nutrition appeared to be strongly related to a decrease in bone mass, because subjects who lived solitary lives were more likely to have decreased bone mass and bone mass was similar between husbands and wives.     

多发骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的相关因素研究

目的 :探讨发生多发骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的相关因素。方法 :回顾性分析2011年3月至2015年3月收治的199例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者病史及影像学资料,根据骨折椎体的数量分为单椎体骨折组与多椎体骨折组,采用非条件Logistic回归分析可能影响发生多椎体骨折的危险因素。结果:多椎体骨折组(71例)与单椎体骨折组(128例)的年龄、性别、体重质量指数(BMI)、既往高血压、糖尿病史差异均无统计学意义,而两组骨密度T值与脊柱畸形指数差异有统计学意义,多椎体骨折组骨密度较单椎体骨折组降低,而SDI评分高于单椎体骨折组。非条件Logistic回归分析发现脊柱畸形指数与多椎体骨折明显相关,其中脊柱畸形指数[2≤脊柱畸形指数4,OR=2.587,95%CI(1.148,5.828);脊柱畸形指数≥-4,OR=7.775,95%CI(3.272,18.478)]及骨密度T值-4.5SD,OR=2.608,95%CI(1.038,6.551)]差异有统计学意义。结论 :骨密度越低,脊柱畸形指数评分越高,发生多椎体骨折的危险性越高。     

Risk factors for osteoporosis in young renal transplant recipients

Osteoporosis is a frequent complication after renal transplantation. Although several risk factors have been defined in its pathogenesis, the parameters influencing this complication in young patients with functioning grafts have not been well defined. We sought to determine the possible risk factors for osteoporosis among 55 male and 27 female renal transplant patients of mean age 35.5 +/- 11.7 years with 68.8% recipients of living-related grafts. Bone mineral densitometry was performed in all patients at 1 year after transplantation. The study utilized the World Health Organization recommendations that define normal (group 1, n = 19), osteopenic (group 2, n = 24), or osteoporotic (group 3, n = 39) patients according to T-score values. Pre- and posttransplant data included gender, age at dialysis onset; age at transplantation; pretransplant dialysis duration; body mass index (BMI); serum calcium, albumin, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and C-reactive protein levels; lipid profile, cumulative doses of immunosuppressive drugs, and pulse steroid dose. Differences between groups 1 and 3 showed that patients with osteoporosis were younger (P < .003) and had started dialysis and underwent transplantation at a younger age than those without osteoporosis (P < .01, P < .003). In addition, pretransplant body weight (P < .02), posttransplant BMI (P < .01), and pretransplant PTH (P < .04), posttransplant total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower among group 3 (P < .004, P < .003). Young adults who started dialysis and underwent transplantation at a younger age were prone to osteoporosis. Additionally, high BMI and cholesterol levels seemed to be preventative for bone loss after transplantation.     

Risk factors for male partner antisperm antibodies.

The role of antisperm antibodies in human infertility remains controversial. Indications for antisperm antibody testing of male partners of infertile marriages have been based upon anecdotal reports and studies using outdated assays. In an effort to define the indications for antisperm antibody testing of the male partner, the immunobead assay for antisperm antibodies was performed upon 100 consecutive men referred for evaluation of male factor infertility. The prevalence of antisperm antibodies in this patient population was 18% and only 9% when patients with a history of vasectomy were excluded. Of all the factors analyzed, only a history of vasectomy and sperm agglutination on semen analysis were predictive of antisperm antibody status (p < 0.001). Use of the aforementioned parameters as an indication for antisperm antibody testing would have resulted in a sensitivity of 94%, specificity 73% and negative predictive value 98% in this patient population. The only way to identify all patients with significant levels of antisperm antibody activity (sensitivity 100%) would have been to test every patient.     

类风湿关节炎骨质疏松危险因素分析

目的类风湿关节炎(RA)是继发性骨质疏松的常见原因,本研究旨在通过分析比较RA患者血清类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸多肽抗体(anti-CCP)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血细胞沉降率(ESR)及骨代谢六项指标水平,探讨RA患者骨质疏松的危险因素。方法 133例RA患者根据双能X线检测的骨密度(BMD)结果分为骨质疏松组、骨量减低组和骨量正常组,检测各组受试者RF、anti-CCP、CRP、ESR及骨代谢六项等指标,分析比较各组受试者各指标水平差异,并比较各组患者糖皮质激素用药情况,多元logistic回归分析上述指标与RA患者骨质疏松的关系。结果①RA患者血清RF、anti-CCP、CRP及ESR水平相较于正常人群显著升高;②骨质疏松和骨量减低组CRP、ESR及骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、β胶原特殊序列(β-CTx)两项骨代谢指标水平较RA骨量正常组显著升高,且OP组糖皮质激素使用率明显高于骨量正常组,差异有统计学意义;③患者年龄、病程、疾病活动度及使用糖皮质激素是RA患者发生骨质疏松的独立危险因素OR(95%CI)分别为1.116(1.013-1.230)、1.775(1.191-2.645)、4.356(1.741-10.898)和9.448(1.040-85.802)。结论 RA患者血清自身抗体、炎症指标及骨代谢指标水平存在不同程度异常,患者年龄、病程、疾病活动度及糖皮质激素使用情况可作为判断RA患者骨质疏松风险的参考指标,有助于指导临床对RA患者疾病发展和病程进行监测,并进行及时的合理治疗。     

Risk factors of osteoporosis in healthy Moroccan men

Background  

Although not as common as in women, osteoporosis remains a significant health care problem in men. Data concerning risk factors of osteoporosis are lacking for the male Moroccan population. The objective of the study was to identify some determinants associated to low bone mineral density in Moroccan men.     

辽宁省部分地区男性骨质疏松危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨辽宁省男性骨质疏松患病的危险因素.方法 采用病例对照研究方法,收集在辽宁省6所医院就诊的132例男性骨质疏松患者(病例)和同期进行健康体检的138例非骨质疏松男性(对照)的临床资料.采用统一调查表调查研究对象的人口学特征、生活饮食习惯、既往患病情况及长期用药情况等,对以上研究因素进行单因素及多因素非条件Logistic回归分析.结果 多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果表明,老龄(OR =40.121)、吸烟(OR=21.870)、饮茶(OR=8.767)、喝碳酸饮料(OR =853.921)是男性骨质疏松患病的危险因素;而口服钙片(OR =0.011)、体育锻炼(OR=0.034)是保护因素.结论 男性骨质疏松的发生与年龄、饮食习惯、体育锻炼等多因素共同作用有关,应采取针对性的综合干预措施来控制和预防该病的发生发展.     

Risk factors of osteoporosis in institutionalized older Thai people

Introduction There are very few published studies on osteoporosis among the institutionalized elderly in Asian countries, where the incidence of osteoporosis is increasing rapidly. Our objectives were to determine both the prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis, as assessed by calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, in a Thai nursing home. Methods Activities of daily living, the Mini-Mental State Examination, blood chemistry, body composition analysis, calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and serum C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (serum β-CTx) were assessed in 108 older people living in the largest nursing home for the elderly in Bangkok. Calcaneal BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results The prevalence of osteoporosis, as defined by a calcaneal BMD T-score <1.6, was 79.6%. The prevalence of low bone mass, as defined by a T-score of broadband ultrasound attenuation <1.0, was 80.6%. The prevalence of osteoporosis detected by these two methods was not significantly different (p=1.00). The prevalence of increased bone turnover [with the cutoff point being the mean + 2 standard deviation (SD) of the serum β-CTx level of a sex- and age-matched control group] was 13.9%. In multiple linear regression analysis, five risk factors – serum β-CTx, mental health, mobility index, height and lean body mass – were able to predict calcaneal BMD at a coefficient of determination R²) of 0.54. Conclusions These results indicate the importance of mental health and self-care ability as factors associated with osteoporosis. Increased bone turnover was also a significant risk factor of low bone mass. Calcaneal QUS was a useful screening tool for diagnosing osteoporosis in this population and was comparable to calcaneal DXA. The study was financially supported by funding from the Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University.     

2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松相关因素的分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松的相关因素,并为进一步治疗提供相关依据。方法 2型糖尿病患者157例,男性79例,女性78例,其中分为合并骨质疏松组(OP)74例,未合并骨质疏松组(NOP)83例。分析比较这两组患者的性别、年龄、病程、体重指数(BMI)、血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HBA1c)、尿微量白蛋白、血肌酐、甘油三酯(Tg)、总胆固醇(Tc)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、25羟基维生素D的差异。结果骨质疏松组与非骨质疏松组比较,性别、病程、BMI、HBA1c、血肌酐、尿微量白蛋白、25羟基维生素D有统计学差异性(P0.05),而Ca、P、ALP、FBG、Tg、Tc、HDL-C、LDL-C无统计学意义(P0.05);二元Logistic回归分析显示病程、BMI、HBA1c、25羟基维生素D与OP有关。结论病程、BMI、HBA1c、25羟基维生素D是影响2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松的相关因素。     

Risk factors for osteoporosis in long-term survivors of intracranial germ cell tumors

Summary

We measured bone mineral densities in 28 intracranial germ cell tumor long-term survivors. There was the high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia, 25.0% and 42.9%, respectively, and three additional risk factors, male sex, a low lean mass, and adult growth hormone replacement, were identified.

Introduction

Intracranial germ cell tumor long-term survivors (iGCTLS) have many risk factors for osteoporosis, including irradiation from cancer therapy and multiple hormone deficiencies. However, no study of bone mineral density (BMD) has been conducted in iGCTLS because these tumors are rare. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis and to identify risk factors associated with reduced bone mass in iGCTLS.

Methods

We evaluated BMD and body composition of 28 iGCTLS (10.9?±?5.2?years after cancer treatment; 13 males) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. To determine risk factors, we analyzed the medical history, including the nature of the tumor, treatment modality, endocrine status, hormone replacement therapy, lifestyle, and biochemical parameters.

Results

Twenty-five percent of iGCTLS were diagnosed with osteoporosis and 42.9% with osteopenia. Most males (92.3%) had low BMD. Lean mass (LM) was positively correlated with BMD in all regions of interest, and the starting age of adult growth hormone (GH) replacement was negatively correlated with the BMD Z-score at the femur neck. In logistic regression analysis, male sex and low LM were related to low BMD.

Conclusions

The iGCTLS had a high prevalence of low BMD. We found that male sex, low LM, and delayed start of adult GH replacement were risk factors for osteoporosis. Therefore, the BMD of all iGCTLS should be evaluated, and if it is low, proper management should be started early.     

Risk factors for osteoporosis at the knee in the spinal cord injury population

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for bone loss at the knee in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) by examining known risk factors for osteoporosis in the general population and additional, unique nonmodifiable SCI elements including age at injury onset, injury duration, and extent of neurologic injury (level and completeness). METHODS: Risk factors were examined by logistic regression in 152 individuals with chronic SCI. Knees were classified as osteoporotic based on whether bone mineral density (BMD) of the knee as assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry fell within the 95% confidence interval of the BMD of the knee of individuals who had experienced fractures at the knee. RESULTS: Accuracy for predicted membership in the osteoporotic group and nonosteoporotic group were 79.22% and 69.33%, respectively. Of all variables included in the analysis, 3 had a significant effect on predicted group membership: completeness of injury (P < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0035), and age (P = 0.0394). Individuals with complete injuries were 6.17 times (617%) more likely to have BMD of the knee low enough to place them in the osteoporotic category. The odds ratio for BMI indicated that every unit increase in BMI lowered the odds of being in the osteoporotic group by 11.29%. The odds ratio for age indicated that every 1-year increase in age increased the odds of being in the osteoporotic group by 3.54%. No other modifiable or nonmodifiable risk factors were significant predictors. CONCLUSION: Completeness of injury dictates and overrides most modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for bone loss at the knee leading to pathologic fractures in SCI. SCI osteoporosis may be classified more appropriately as neurogenic in origin.     

Management of male osteoporosis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of treatments for male osteoporosis selected based on the cause of the disease. METHODS: Sixty-three men with osteoporosis (T-score at the lumbar spine and/or femoral neck lower than -2.5) with a mean age of 53+/-11 years were studied. Forty-three (68.3%) had a history of fracturing without trauma (vertebral fractures, 37 patients, 57%). Treatments were as follows: idiopathic osteoporosis: calcium and vitamin D supplements (N = 10) or cyclical etidronate for 2 weeks followed by calcium and vitamin D supplements for 76 days (N = 29); moderate idiopathic phosphate diabetes: calcitriol and phosphate (N = 15); idiopathic hypercalciuria: hydrochlorothiazide (N = 6); and hypogonadism: testosterone (N = 3). RESULTS: Percentage change in bone mineral density (mean +/- standard error of the mean) after 18 months: calcium and vitamin D (lumbar spine: 0.6+/-2; femoral neck: 2.2+/-2.2); etidronate (lumbar spine: 3.6+/-1.4*; femoral neck: 0.5+/-1); calcitriol (lumbar spine: 7.0+/-3.5*; femoral neck: 0.0+/-1.4); thiazide diuretic (lumbar spine: 1+/-3.2; femoral neck: -2.3+/-3.7); and testosterone (lumbar spine: 6.8+/-6.4; femoral neck: 2.5+/-2.7), where *P < 0.05 versus baseline. Gastrointestinal side effects occurred in three patients (4.8%), including two on calcitriol-phosphate therapy and one on etidronate therapy. Of the six (9.5%) patients who experienced incident fractures, four were on etidronate, one on calcitriol-phosphate, and one on calcium-vitamin D. No patients discontinued their treatment because of side effects. CONCLUSION: Etidronate and the combination of calcitriol-phosphate produce a significant increase in lumbar spine bone mass in men with idiopathic osteoporosis or moderate idiopathic phosphate diabetes.     

Risk for osteoporosis in black women

Models of involutional bone loss and strategies for the prevention of osteoporosis have been developed for white women. Black women have higher bone densities than white women, but as the black population ages there will be an increasingly higher population of black women with osteoporosis. Strategies should be developed to reduce the risk of black women for fragility fractures.Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of the total body, femur, spine, and radius were performed on 503 healthy black and white women aged 20–80 years. Indices of bone turnover, the calcitrophic hormones, and radioisotope calcium absorption efficiency were also measured to compare the mechanisms of bone loss.The black women had higher BMD values at every site tested than the white women throughout the adult life cycle. Black women have a higher peak bone mass and a slightly slower rate of adult bone loss from the femur and spine, which are skeletal sites comprised predominantly of trabecular bone. Indices of bone turnover are lower in black women as are serum calcidiol levels and urinary calcium excretion. Serum calcitriol and parathyroid hormone levels are higher in black women and calcium absorption efficiency is the same in black and white women, but dietary calcium intake is lower in black women.Black and white women have a similar pattern of bone loss, with substantial bone loss from the femur and spine prior to menopause and an accelerated bone loss from the total skeleton and radius after menopause. The higher values for bone density in black women as compared with white women are caused by a higher peak bone mass and a slower rate of loss from skeletal sites comprised predominantly of trabecular bone. Low-risk strategies to enhance peak bone mass and to lower bone loss, such as calcium and vitamin D augmentation of the diet, should be examined for black women. The risk vs. benefits of hormonal replacement therapy should be determined, especially in older women.