乙型肝炎病毒X基因与肝癌p53突变蛋白的表达

应用免疫组织化学（ＡＢＣ法）对２３例肝癌和癌旁组织中ｐ５３突变蛋白进行检测，同时对其中ＨＢＶＸｍＲＮＡ进行原位杂交（ＤＮＡ－ｍＲＮＡ）检测。结果发现，９例肝癌及其癌旁组织中ｐ５３突变蛋白和ＨＢＶＸｍＲＮＡ均为阳性，１１例均为阴性，另３例仅ＨＢＶＸｍＲＮＡ阳性，χ２检验显示ｐ５３突变蛋白与ＨＢＶＸｍＲＮＡ之间有明显相关关系（Ｐ＝０．０００２７），提示ｐ５３基因突变与ＨＢＶＸ基因整合表达有关，ｐ５３基因突变可能是ＨＢＶ致肝癌作用机制之一。     

p53基因点突变与肝细胞癌侵袭性的关系

研究了Ｌ０２人肝细胞株、Ｂｅ１７４０２、ＳＭＭＣ７７２１人肝癌细胞株和１９例肝细胞癌标本及其癌周肝组织中ｐ５３基因第２４９密码子点突变的发生率及其与肝细胞癌侵袭性的关系。应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术扩增从细胞株、癌及非癌肝组织中提取的ＤＮＡ中的ｐ５３基因第７外显子，结合ＨａｅⅢ酶切研究ｐ５３基因点突变发现３种细胞株（ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阴性）中ｐ５３均无突变，１９例癌组织（８４．２％ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性）中，１０例有ｐ５３点突变（５２．６％），其中包膜不完整、有肝内播散或多发结节者ｐ５３突变率明显高于包膜完整（７０％ｖｓ３３．３％，Ｐ＜０．０５）、无肝内播散（７１．４％ｖｓ４１．６％，Ｐ＜０．０５）或单发结节者（８３．３％ｖｓ３８．５％，Ｐ＜０．０５）；而其癌周肝组织则均无突变。提示：第２４９密码子是中国大陆人肝癌ｐ５３基因的突变热点，可能与ＨＢＶ感染有关。ｐ５３突变可能与肝癌的侵袭性密切相关，可望成为防治肝癌复发的较理想的靶基因。     

肝细胞癌p53基因突变初步研究

本文应用快速银染多了矣酶链反应单链构像多态（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）方法检测了３０例肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）组织中ｐ５３基因变异情况。结果１３例癌组织中有异常电带，其中２闰于第５外显子，各有３例位于第６和第７外显子，位于第８显子有５例，ｐ５３基因变异的病例乙型肝炎表面抗原均阳性，实验结果表明：本技术能有效检测出基因突变；肝细胞癌中ｐ53基因突变率较高且有多个位点；肝细胞癌ｐ５３基因突变可能与乙型肝炎病毒感染有关     

鼻咽癌中p53基因突变的研究

目的：探讨鼻咽癌中ｐ５３基因突变情况。方法：用非同位素不对称ＰＣＲ－单链构象多态性技术（ａＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ），分析了鼻咽癌活检组织、细胞株和裸鼠移植瘤中ｐ５３基因第５、６、７和８外显子（ｅｘｏｎ）的基因突变，并对其中ｅｘｏｎ８突变的ＳＵＮＥ－１和ＳＵＮＴ－１进行ＤＮＡ测序。结果：在２０例鼻咽癌活检组织中没有发现突变；但在鼻咽癌细胞株ＣＮＥ１、ＣＮＥ２、ＳＵＮＥ－１和瘤株ＳＵＮＴ－１中存在第８外显子突变，而ＨＫ１为第５外显子突变。ＤＮＡ测序发现ＳＵＮＥ－１和ＳＵＮＴ－１的突变点在ｅｘｏｎ８的密码子（ｃｏｄｏｎ）２８０上，由ＡＧＡ（精氨酸）→ＡＣＡ（苏氨酸）。结论：ｐ５３基因突变热点的ｅｘｏｎ５、６、７和８可能在鼻咽癌变过程中没有重要意义，而在裸鼠移植瘤和细胞株建立过程中起重要作用。ＥＢＶ由于和鼻咽癌的关系密切，在鼻咽癌中可能存在ＥＢＶ编码蛋白与ｐ５３结合或蛋白表达被ＥＢＶ抑制等其他途径使ｐ５３失活。     

肺癌患者癌组织和痰液细胞中p53和K-ras基因突变的研究

目的 检测肺癌组织和肺癌患者痰液脱落细胞中ｐ５３、Ｋ－ｒａｓ基因突变情况,比较联合检测ｐ５３、Ｋ－ｒａｓ和单一检测ｐ５３或Ｋ－ｒａｓ基因在肺癌诊断中的价值。方法 应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ－银染法检测了５９例肺癌组织、癌旁肺组织、１４全肺部良性病变肺组织及患者痰液脱落细胞中ｐ５３基因第５～８外显子、Ｋ－ｒａｓ基因第１外显子突变。结果 肺癌组织中ｐ５３基因突变率为３７．３％（２２／５９）,痰液脱落细胞为３     

大肠癌p53抑癌基因突变与组织类型,Dukes‘分期的关系

用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ方法对３０例大肠癌组织ｐ５３基因突变状况进行了检测。结果表明：３０例大肠癌ｐ５３基因的突变率为２０％（６／３０），其中１例在第４外显子，５例在第５外显子，第２、３外显子未检出突变。高分化和中等分化肠癌ｐ５３基因突变率均为１／８（１２．５％），低分化为３／１０（３０．０％），未分化为１／４（２５．０％）；在Ｄｕｋｅｓ分期中的突变率分别为：Ｂ２期为１／１０（１０．０％），Ｃ１期为２／１２（１６．７％），Ｄ期为３／８（３７．５％）。结果提示ｐ５３基因突变与Ｄｕｃｋｅｓ分期有关，且肠癌的ｐ５３基因突变很少发生在第２、３外显子     

胃癌P53基因突变和蛋白表达的研究

为了解中国人胃癌Ｐ５３基因突变情况，应用银染聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）技术对Ｐ５３基因第５、６、７、８外显子进行检测。对来自癌组织ＤＮＡ和癌旁正常组织ＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ电泳带迁移作对比分析，发现３７例胃癌中，１１例胃癌样品电泳带迁移异常，依据ＤＮＡ单链构象与分子电泳迁移的关系，研究结果表明：胃癌Ｐ５３基因５－８外显子的突变率为３０％。微波处理ＡＢＣ法检测突变型Ｐ５３蛋白表     

银染PCR—SSCP方法检测恶性纤维组织细胞瘤P53基因点突变

应用银染ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ方法检测常规石蜡包埋恶性纤维组织细胞瘤（ＭＦＨ）中ｐ５３基因点突变。结果显示，１６例ＭＦＨ中，９例ＳＳＣＰ阳性，表明这些病例相应ＤＮＡ片段中发生了点突变，其中第５、６、７、８外显子ＳＳＣＰ阳性出现的例次数分别为１、４、４、３次（２例转移的病例同时有６、７、８三个外显子异常）。微波处理ＡＢＣ法检测突变型ｐ５３蛋白表达，１０例为阳性，ＳＳＣＰ与ｐ５３蛋白表达的阳性符合率为９０．０％，ｐ５３基因点突变及蛋白表达与ＭＦＨ的组织学亚型无关。ｐ５３基因突变可能在ＭＦＨ的发生发展及转移中起作用。本研究结果表明，银染ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ是一简便、快速、有效的检测基因点突变的方法。     

胃癌多基因表达的同步检测

应用ＬＳＡＢ和ＡＢＣ法对７５例胃癌及癌旁组织进行了ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ＥＧＦＲ和ｒａｓ表达的研究。结果显示：（１）７５例胃癌ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ＥＧＦＲ和ｒａｓ表达阳性率分别为４１．３％、１８．７％、６１．３％和４６．７％。ｐ５３在肠型胃癌中阳性率为５２．６％，高于弥漫型胃癌的２９．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；在早期胃癌中阳性率较高（６０．０％），癌旁重度异型增生亦有阳性表达（２／４）。ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性表达只限于癌灶，而癌旁组织均为阴性。ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２在高分化胃癌中阳性率较高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＥＧＦＲ表达与胃癌的大体类型、生长方式、分化程度、淋巴结受累和远处转移呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２和ＥＧＦＲ在胃癌中的表达互相独立。（３）ｒａｓ表达与ＥＧＦＲ表达呈正相关，而与ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２呈负相关。（４）ｐ５３表达与其它基因表达无明显关系。上述结果表明，胃癌发生发展过程中伴有多种癌基因的变化，其出现时间不同，意义也不一样。     

EBV感染、p53、Bcl-2、C-myc基因表达与肺癌关系研究

目的 研究肺癌组织中ＥＢＶ感染率以及ｐ５３、Ｂｃｌ－２和Ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因的表达,分析ＥＢＶ和ｐ５３、Ｂｃｌ－２、Ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达的关系。方法 检测４８例手术切除肺癌标本,１８例癌旁支气管粘膜组织,２例肺转移平滑肌肉瘤,１例结核瘤,１４例正常肺组织中ＥＢＶ ＤＮＡ及ｐ５３、Ｂｃｌ－２、Ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达。用ＰＣＲ法检测新鲜组织的ＥＢＶ ＤＮＡ,间接原位ＰＣＲ法观察ＥＢＶ阳性信号在细胞中的反应部位,免     

The role of previous infection of hepatitis B virus in Hbs antigen negative and anti-HCV negative Japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: etiological and molecular biological study

The aim of this study is to elucidate the important role of the previous infection of HBV, and the relations among HBV genome integration and p53 gene mutation, telomerase activity and genetic instability in liver tissue with HBsAg-negative (NB) and anti-HCV negative (NC) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined the backgrounds of 34 NB and NC (NBNC) Japanese patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) patients not associated with HCC and 26 NBNC CLD patients with HCC. HBV genome integration into host cell genome, p53 gene mutation telomerase activity and genetic instability were examined in 6 with NBNC HCC (NBNC-HCC) tumorous tissue (T) and non-tumorous tissues (NT). In the NBNC group, HBV-related antibody positive patients with HCC are significantly more than the patients without HCC. Moreover, concerning the stage of the coexisted liver diseases, in NBNC CLD, LC patients with HCC is 19 of 26 (73.1%) , on the other hand, LC patients without HCC is 16 of 34 (47.1%). LC patients with HCC group is significantly more than that without HCC. Three (50%) of 6 in T and 3 cases (50% ) in NT were found to integrated genome of HBV. p53 gene mutation was observed in 3 (50%) of T. Concerning the telomerase activity, 3 of 6 cases (50%) in T and 1 case in NT was recognized. There was no genetic instability (LOH or RER) of D2S123, D3S1067 and TP 53 in T and NT. Finally in T of NBNC HCC cases, TTVDNA was detected in 3 of 5. Even in the HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV negative HCC cases, CLD coexisting with LC, previous HBV infection and HBVDNA integration were observed. There were a few cases with HBVDNA integration, p53 gene mutation, telomerase activity and genetic instability, simultaneously in HCC tissue, and in some cases, the coexistence with TTVDNA were concurrently confirmed. It is speculated that the important role of the previous infection of HBV may have also been proposed for HCC oncogentic progression in NBNC CLD [corrected].     

HBV genome integration and genetic instability in HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan

The aim of this study is to clarify the existence and the form of HCV RNA and HBV DNA genome integration and genetic instability in liver tissue with HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive HCC. We investigated 16 Japanese patients with HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive HCC. HBV genome integration into host cell genome by Southern hybridization and PCR was examined. Moreover, we analyzed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and replication errors (RER) of chromosomes 2p, 3p and 17p using the PCR and an autosequencer to determine the three microsatellite regions D2S123, D3S1067, TP53. Eight (50.0%) of 16 were found to have integrated genome of HBV in tumor tissue (T) by PCR. In even the non-tumor regions (NT), seven patients (43.8%) were found to have HBV genome integration. The coincidence between T and NT was found in 4 (25%). Integration of HBV-X gene in T was revealed in three (18.7%), and HBV-integration was confirmed in all NT. No integration of the X gene alone was found in the liver tissue. Five (37.5%) of eight HBV DNA integrated cases simultaneously had HCV RNA minus strand. Concerning the genetic instability, RER were detected in two of 16 (12.5%). RER at 2p; D2S123 was observed in one of 16 (6.2%) and at 3p; D3S1067 was observed in one (6.2%). LOH at the D2S123 locus was observed in one of 12 tumors with heterozygosity (8.3%). There was no genetic instability (LOH or RER) of TP53 which was p53 locus on 17p in T. There was only one case of eight HBV DNA integrated cases (6.2%) with genetic instability of RER of 3p simultaneously in T. In conclusion, the majority of HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive HCC liver tissue was found to have HCV-RNA and HBV DNA integration, and in some samples, HBV DNA integration and genetic instability were concurrently confirmed. It is speculated that multistep carcinogenesis may have been proposed for HCC oncogenetic progression.     

Alteration of gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma with integrated hepatitis B virus DNA.

PURPOSE: Integration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA into the human genome is one of the most important steps in HBV-related carcinogenesis. This study attempted to find the link between HBV DNA, the adjoining cellular sequence, and altered gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with integrated HBV DNA. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We examined 15 cases of HCC infected with HBV by cassette ligation-mediated PCR. The human DNA adjacent to the integrated HBV DNA was sequenced. Protein coding sequences were searched for in the human sequence. In five cases with HBV DNA integration, from which good quality RNA was extracted, gene expression was examined by cDNA microarray analysis. RESULTS: The human DNA sequence successive to integrated HBV DNA was determined in the 15 HCCs. Eight protein-coding regions were involved: ras-responsive element binding protein 1, calmodulin 1, mixed lineage leukemia 2 (MLL2), FLJ333655, LOC220272, LOC255345, LOC220220, and LOC168991. The MLL2 gene was expressed in three cases with HBV DNA integrated into exon 3 of MLL2 and in one case with HBV DNA integrated into intron 3 of MLL2. Gene expression analysis suggested that two HCCs with HBV integrated into MLL2 had similar patterns of gene expression compared with three HCCs with HBV integrated into other loci of human chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS: HBV DNA was integrated at random sites of human DNA, and the MLL2 gene was one of the targets for integration. Our results suggest that HBV DNA might modulate human genes near integration sites, followed by integration site-specific expression of such genes during hepatocarcinogenesis.     

乙肝病毒/黄曲霉毒素B1双暴露相关性肝细胞癌的p53基因249位点突变与p53蛋白表达的关系

目的研究乙肝病毒/黄曲霉毒素B1双暴露相关性肝细胞癌的p53基因249位点突变与p53蛋白表达关系。方法通过IHG特殊免疫组织化学法检测55例手术切除经病理证实为原发性肝癌的HCC组织及10例正常肝组织中AFB1-DNA加合物的暴露情况,并根据是否同时存在HBV暴露加以分组,通过免疫组化S-P法检测并比较各组间p53蛋白的表达情况。同时,通过PCR结合直接测序的方法检测其p53基因第7外显子249密码子的突变情况。结果 p53基因第7外显子249位点的突变在实验组A与对照组C中均具有较高阳性突变率,其突变率分别为68.75%（22/32）、63.64%（7/11）,在对照组B中的突变率较低,为16.67%（2/12）,在正常对照组中无1例出现有突变。其中实验组A与对照组B及正常对照组D的比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而与对照组C比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;p53蛋白在其基因249位点突变阳性组与阴性组中的表达阳性率分别为92.86%（26/28）、60.87%（16/27）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 HCC的发生过程中,AFB1暴露与p53第7外显子249位点的突变密切关系相关,当同时存在乙肝病毒暴露的协同作用的情况下突变率更高;p53基因的突变可能是造成HCC中p53蛋白高表达的重要因素之一。     

整合型HBVDNA前C区突变和p53基因突变与肝细胞癌发生的关系

背景与目的:乙型肝炎病毒 (hepatitis B virus, HBV)的慢性感染是肝细胞癌 (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)发生的主要危险因素,但其确切的作用机理还不清楚.本研究拟探讨整合型 HBV 前 C区突变、 p53基因突变与 HCC发生的关系,以期更好地了解 HCC发生的分子机理.方法 :应用聚合酶链反应技术( PCR)和聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态 (single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products, PCR SSCP) 技术对 28例肝癌组织、 25例癌旁肝硬化组织、 12例肝硬化组织和 15例正常肝组织标本内的整合型 HBV DNA及其前 C区基因突变和肝细胞 p53基因突变进行检测分析.结果:( 1)正常肝组织、肝硬化组织、癌旁肝硬变组织和肝癌组织中整合 HBV DNA 阳性率分别为 6.66%、 66.67%、 96.43% 和 96.43%,正常肝组织与其它三组间阳性率差异有非常显著性( P< 0.005); (2)4组整合型 HBV DNA前 C区突变率分别为 0%、 25.00% 、 48.15% 和 70.37%, 4组间的突变率差异有显著性( P< 0.05); ( 3)肝癌组织的 p53基因突变率( 57.14%)明显高于肝硬化组( 16.67%) (P< 0.05);( 4)不同肝组织中 p53基因突变率与整合 HBV DNA 阳性率、 HBV前 C区基因突变率呈正相关.结论:在肝细胞癌的发生、发展中整合 HBV DNA及其前 C区基因突变和 p53基因突变可能起协同作用.     

P53 tumor suppressor gene mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma patients in India

BACKGROUND: Specific mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been reported from several parts of the world, but to the authors' knowledge to date the status of this gene has not been studied in HCC patients in India, where HCC is one of the major cancers and the frequency of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) as well as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and exposure to dietary aflatoxin B(1) is very high. The most frequent mutation of the p53 gene in HCC is an AGG(Arg) to AGT(Ser) missense mutation at codon 249 of exon 7. METHODS: Liver biopsy specimens from 21 HCC patients and 10 healthy controls were obtained through surgery or by needle biopsy technique. Phenol-chloroform-extracted DNA specimens were employed for the detection of HBV infection and p53 gene mutations. Nucleotide mutations of exons 4-9 of the p53 gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single strand confirmation polymorphism, and direct sequencing. Third-generation sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the serologic detection of HBV and HCV infection. RESULTS: Analysis of exons 4-9 of the p53 gene revealed only 3 mutations (3 of 21 specimens, 14.28%; 95% confidence interval, -0.7-29.3), 2 mutations at codon 249 showing G-->T transversions, and 1 mutation (4.7%) at codon 250 with a C-->T transition. The base substitutions at the third base of codon 249 resulted in a missense mutation leading to a change in amino acid from arginine to serine whereas at codon 250 it caused a change from proline to serine. Dot blot hybridization and PCR for HBV DNA from HCCs revealed 58.8% (10 of 17 specimens) and 90. 47% (19 of 21 specimens), positivity, respectively. ELISA for hepatitis B virus surface antigen in serum showed a positivity of 71. 42% (15 of 21 specimens), but there was only 40% positivity (8 of 20 specimens) for hepatitis B virus envelope antigen whereas 6 of 17 patients (35.29%) showed the presence of antibodies against hepatitis B virus envelope protein. No patient was found to be positive for the HCV antibody. CONCLUSIONS: The very low frequency of p53 mutations and the extremely high frequency of HBV infection (> 90%) in HCC indicate that the mutations in the p53 gene frequently found in HCC reported from different endemic areas of the world may not play a direct role in the development of HCC in India. HBV infection and, possibly, exposure to the dietary aflatoxin B(1) appear to play major roles in the molecular pathogenesis of HCC in India.     

抑癌基因FHIT第8和第5外显子在原发性肝癌中纯合性缺失与点突变的研究

目的　对 2 0例原发性肝细胞肝癌 (HCC)的抑癌基因 FHIT外显子 5、外显子 8的纯合性缺失和点突变进行检测。方法　收集 HCC手术标本 ,提取癌细胞 DNA,采用 PCR方法研究 FHIT外显子 5、外显子 8的纯合性缺失 ;使用 PCR- SSCP方法研究 FHIT外显子 5和外显子 8的点突变。结果　发现在 2 0例 HCC中外显子 5的纯合性缺失率为 10 .0 (2 / 2 0 ) ,外显子 8的纯合性缺失率为 30 .0 % (6 / 2 0 ) ;有 1例外显子 5和外显子 8均缺失 ;FHIT的异常率为 35 .0 % (7/ 2 0 )。在被检的肿瘤组织细胞中 ,未发现 FHIT外显子 5和外显子 8存在点突变。在被检的正常细胞中未发现 FHIT缺失和点突变的情况。结论　 FHIT的缺失只发生在 HCC的肿瘤细胞中。在 HCC中 ,外显子 (尤其是外显子 8)的纯合性缺失是 FHIT基因失活的重要方式之一。点突变可能不是 HCC中 FHIT失活的主要方式