表面处理对粘结剂与氧化锆粘结强度的影响

目的：评价出比较理想的粘结剂和ZrO2表面处理方法。方法：将由ZrO2制成的较大瓷片（120个）和较小瓷片（120个）,随机派对分成12组。对ZrO2的表面分别不作处理、喷砂、硅烷化,先喷砂后硅烷化处理。用Bifix QM、Super-BondC＆B和Panavia F三种树脂粘结剂将较小瓷片粘结在较大瓷片上。置于37℃蒸馏水里保存24h后,进行剪切粘结强度测试。结果：3种表面处理都提高了粘结强度（P〈0．01）,其中,先喷砂后硅烷化处理对粘结强度提高得最明显（P〈0．01）。Panavia F、Super-Bond C＆B与ZrO2的粘结强度明显高于BifixQM与ZrO2的粘结强度（P〈0．01）。结论：先喷砂后硅烷化处理是一种比较理想的表面处理方法,Panavia F、Super-Bond C＆B是比较理想的树脂粘结剂。     

不同粘接剂及表面处理对氧化锆的粘接强度的影响

目的:评价不同粘接剂及表面处理方法对氧化锆陶瓷与粘接剂的粘接强度的影响.方法:将较大氧化锆瓷片和较小氧化锆瓷片派对,随机分成12组,每组10对.粘接剂选用Ketac Cem Easymix、Rely X luting、Bifix QM和Panavia F,对氧化锆的表面分别喷砂、硅烷化或喷砂联合硅烷化处理,并进行剪切粘接强度测试.结果:在使用Ketac Cem Easymix和Rely X luting时,喷砂提高了粘接强度(P＜0.01).在使用Bifix QM和Panavia F时,喷砂、硅烷化或喷砂联合硅烷化处理提高了粘接强度(P＜0.01).表面处理相同时,Panavia F与氧化锆的粘接强度高于其它粘接剂(P＜0.01).结论:使用Panavia F联合喷砂加硅烷化处理的粘接强度最高.     

后牙纵折模型中两种材料粘接强度的比较

目的建立纵折后牙粘接模型,研究Super-Bond C＆B粘接剂和IBond自酸蚀粘接剂对纵折后牙的粘接效果。方法选择新鲜拔除的完整人磨牙40颗,制成后牙纵折模型,随机分为2组,每组20颗,分别用Super-Bond C＆B粘接剂和IBond自酸蚀粘接剂粘接断裂面,将粘好的折裂牙试样在37℃生理盐水中放置24h后,检测其剪切强度。结果 IBond粘接剂的剪切强度是（10.65±1.49）MPa,Super-Bond C＆B粘接剂的剪切强度是（19.48±2.57）MPa,差异有统计学意义（t=13.29,P〈0.05）。立体显微镜观察显示,所有试件破坏均表现为牙本质与粘接剂界面之间的断裂,未见有牙本质的内聚破坏发生。结论 Super-Bond C＆B粘接剂的牙本质粘接强度高于IBond粘接剂。     

冷热循环对不同金属与树脂粘接剂粘接强度的影响

目的：冷热循环对不同金属与树脂粘接剂粘接强度的影响。方法：铸造直径分别为4mm和5mm的镍铬合金和纯钛,切割成长度为3mm的标本。2种规格的同种金属标本配对,金属表面经50μmAlzO3喷砂,涂布Al—loy Primer,使用Super—BondC＆B和PanaviaF2种粘接剂粘接。固化后经37℃恒温水浴24h以及10000次冷热循环,测试剪切粘接强度。用spssl7．0统计软件进行统计分析。结果：10000次冷热循环后,镍铬合金与Super—BondC＆B、纯钛与PanaviaF粘接强度显著提高（P〈O．01）,其余各组没有统计学差异。结论：粘接剂的种类对冷热循环前后的粘接强度没有明显影响,金属的种类对冷热循环前后的粘接强度没有明显影响,但是不同金属和不同粘接剂的配伍组合在冷热循环前后的粘接强度变化有统计学意义。     

Nd:YAG激光表面处理对树脂粘接剂与氧化锆粘接强度影响的meta分析

目的:试用Meta分析研究Nd:YAG激光表面处理对树脂粘接剂与氧化锆粘接强度的影响,为提高树脂粘接剂与氧化锆的粘接强度提供循证证据。方法:通过计算机检索PubMed、Cochran Library、EMbase、CNKI、维普、万方等数据库,查找Nd:YAG激光表面处理氧化锆的相关研究,采用RevMan5.2软件对纳入的研究进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入8个研究,合计290个样本。Meta分析结果显示:Nd:YAG激光表面处理组与对照组比较,剪切粘接强度（P=0.02）和粗糙度（P=0.0001）均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;Nd:YAG激光表面处理组的剪切粘接强度与Al₂O₃喷砂组比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.87）,Nd:YAG激光表面处理组的粗糙度高于Al₂O₃喷砂组,差异有统计学意义（P=0.02）。结论:Nd:YAG激光表面处理能增加树脂粘接剂与氧化锆的粘接强度,但目前尚不能认为Nd:YAG激光表面处理优于Al₂O₃喷砂处理。     

不同表面处理方式对聚醚醚酮与复合树脂粘接性能的影响

目的研究不同存储条件下6种通用型粘接剂及喷砂条件对聚醚醚酮（PEEK）与复合树脂之间粘接强度和耐久性的影响。 方法将PEEK材料切割成12个边长为2 cm的正方体试件。对其中6个试件进行氧化铝喷砂处理。6种通用型粘接剂为：Tetric N-Bond Universal（TNU）、Single Bond Universal（SBU）、DX.BOND UNI（DXB）、Selective Etch Bond（SEB）、Gluma Bond Universal（GBU）、Prime & Bond Universal（PBU）。实验分为7组,每组包含4个喷砂面和4个未喷砂面。7种表面处理方法分别为：不使用粘接剂（对照组）和6种通用型粘接剂（实验组：TNU组、SBU组、DXB组、SEB组、GBU组、PBU组）。经表面处理后,将流动复合树脂F00注入透明模具并将其无压力置于试件表面后进行光照固化。试件分别在37 ℃恒温水浴24 h或冷热循环3000次后进行剪切粘接强度测试。使用松风EyeSpecial C-Ⅳ口腔专用相机微距模式进行断面拍照并进行断裂模式分析。采用SPSS 23.0软件Three-Way ANOVA（冷热循环、粘接剂与喷砂）与Tukey方法对各组数据进行统计分析（α = 0.05）。 结果24 h水浴条件下,TNU组分别获得不喷砂组（9.92 ± 1.19）MPa与喷砂组（9.97 ± 1.03）MPa最高粘接强度;冷热循环3000次后PBU组分别获得不喷砂组（6.75 ± 0.99）MPa与喷砂组（7.22 ± 1.30）MPa最高粘接强度。三因素分析结果显示：冷热循环（F = 3 045.429,P<0.001）、粘接剂（F = 361.165,P<0.001）与喷砂（F = 80.050,P<0.001）可显著影响粘接强度;冷热循环与粘接剂（F = 155.724,P<0.001）、粘接剂与喷砂（F = 3.535,P = 0.002）、冷热循环与喷砂（F = 9.184,P = 0.003）两两因素间分别具有交互作用;冷热循环、粘接剂与喷砂三因素间具有交互作用（F = 12.392,P<0.001）。 结论（1）喷砂有助于改善通用型粘接剂对复合树脂与PEEK 37 ℃恒温水浴24 h粘接强度;（2）复合树脂与PEEK粘接强度在冷热循环3000次后显著降低;（3）本实验中PBU组粘接耐久性优于其他粘接系统。     

不同处理方法对脱落托槽再粘接抗剪切强度的影响

目的：比较三种不同处理方法去除脱落正畸托槽底板残留粘接剂,对托槽再次粘接时抗剪切强度大小的影响。方法：挑选因正畸需要而拔除的完整前磨牙80颗,随机分成4组,每组20个样本,分别按常规方法粘接网底型直丝弓正畸托槽,通过万能材料测试仪测试并记录其脱落时的抗剪切强度后,第一组更换新托槽,第二组采用喷砂法、第三组采用燃烧法、第四组采用磨除法去除托槽底板残留粘接剂,再次粘接托槽,在同样条件下测试并记录其脱落时的抗剪切强度。结果：更换新托槽组、喷砂组再次粘接时其抗剪切强度与初次粘接无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,燃烧组、磨除组再次粘接时其抗剪切强度与初次粘接相比明显减小（P＜0.05）。喷砂组再次粘接的抗剪切强度与更换新托槽组无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。燃烧组、磨除组再次粘接的抗剪切强度比更换新托槽组明显减小（P＜0.05）。结论：为了获得理想的粘接强度,脱落托槽再利用时宜采用喷砂法进行处理,不宜采用燃烧法和磨除法进行处理。     

不同表面处理方式对氧化锆基全瓷崩瓷树脂修补剪切强度的影响

目的：比较不同表面处理方式对氧化锆基底材料与复合树脂粘接剪切强度的影响。方法：将60个钇稳定氧化锆（Y-TZP）试件分为6组,分别接受酸蚀、喷砂、硅烷偶联剂、酸蚀＋硅烷偶联剂、喷砂＋硅烷偶联剂5种表面处理,未处理组作为对照。在处理面粘接复合树脂,经24 h水浴后测试剪切强度。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察处理面微观形态。结果：喷砂组（A）（33.45±3.46）MPa、喷砂＋硅烷偶联剂组（AS）（36.95±2.93）MPa两组剪切强度值明显高于其他组（P〈0.01）;未处理组（N）、8%HF酸蚀组（H）、硅烷偶联剂组（S）、8%HF酸蚀＋硅烷偶联剂组（HS）组间剪切强度无统计学差异。相同处理方式下,加入与不加人硅烷偶联剂组间剪切强度无统计学差异。SEM观察酸蚀处理对Y-TZP表面形貌无改变,喷砂处理明显粗化Y-TZP表面。结论：喷砂处理能够有效提高Y-TZP与复合树脂粘接强度;酸蚀及硅烷偶联剂对Y-TZP处理无效。     

金属托槽与瓷面粘接强度的实验研究

目的研究瓷面处理对金属托槽与瓷面粘接强度的影响。方法180个烤瓷试件按不同瓷面处理随机分3组：氧化铝喷砂组；金刚砂车针打磨组；9．6％氢氟酸（HF）酸蚀组。再根据是否使用硅烷偶联剂及粘接剂不同分为4组，每组15个试件。粘接剂为京津釉质粘接剂及3M UniteTM粘接剂。托槽粘接后检测抗剪切强度。结果不同处理方式，使用偶联剂前后平均抗剪切强度均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论瓷面经处理后使用硅烷偶联剂粘接托槽，可达到满意的粘结强度。     

3种树脂粘接水门汀与铸造纯钛粘接强度研究

目的：研究3种复合树脂粘固剂与铸造纯钛的粘接强度。方法：用牙科铸钛的方法制作直径分别为4mm和5mm的钛棒,切割成长度为4mm的小钛片。2种规格的钛片配对粘接面用400～1200目碳化硅砂纸在流水下打磨抛光,使之呈均匀一致的平面。50μm氧化铝喷砂,另一组表面不喷砂作为对照,分别使用Super-BondC＆B、Panavia F、Rely X Unicem 3种复合树脂粘固剂粘接。扫描电镜观察喷砂前后铸造纯钛的表面形态。复合树脂粘接剂固化后经37℃恒温水浴24h以及5000次5～55℃冷热循环,测试剪切强度。用SAS的ANOVA过程对各组数据进行分析。结果：喷砂前后纯钛与Panavia F的剪切强度最高,分别为（26.62±3.40）MPa、（23.71±5.28）MPa;5000次冷热循环后,喷砂组的铸造纯钛与Panavia F的剪切强度最高（27.12±8.68）MPa;未喷砂的铸造纯钛与Super-Bond C＆B、Rely X Unicem的粘接强度最低,并且有12.5%的脱落率。结论：本实验结果表明喷砂可以提高Super-Bond C＆B、Panavia F、Rely X Unicem的粘结力和粘结耐久力。不喷砂时,Panavia F与铸造纯钛之间能获得较高的粘接强度和良好的粘接耐久性,喷砂以后优势不再明显。     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

鼻测量法的进展

唇裂术后继发畸形是指唇裂修复术后,仍遗留或继发于手术操作和生长发育变化而表现出来的一类畸形[1]。包括唇畸形、鼻畸形和颌骨畸形。其修复较原发性唇裂修复更复杂,更灵活多变。而导致其修复复杂性的一个重要原因即是局部组织结构复杂变异和缺乏可靠的三维测量手段[2],鼻畸形