Efficacy of an opposite position aspiration on resolution of pneumothorax following CT-guided lung biopsy

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy of aspiration in an opposite position to deal with pneumothorax after CT-guided lung biopsy.

Methods:

A retrospective study was developed involving 210 patients with pneumothorax who had undergone CT-guided percutaneous core biopsies from January 2012 to March 2014 for various pulmonary lesions. Asymptomatic patients with minimal pneumothorax were treated conservatively. Simple manual aspiration was performed for symptomatic patients with minimal pneumothorax and for all patients with moderate to large pneumothorax. An opposite position aspiration was performed when simple manual aspiration failed. The efficacy of simple manual aspiration and the opposite position aspiration was observed.

Results:

Among 210 patients with pneumothorax, 128 (61.0%) asymptomatic patients with minimal pneumothorax were treated conservatively. The remaining 82 were treated with attempted simple manual aspiration. Out of these 82 patients, simple manual aspiration was successful in 58 (70.7%, 58/82) cases. The complete and partial regression rates were 17.2% (10/58) and 82.8% (48/58), respectively. In the other 24 patients (29.3%, 24/82), simple aspiration technique was ineffective. An opposite position (from prone to supine or vice versa) was applied, and a new biopsy puncture site was chosen for reaspiration. This procedure was successful in 22 patients but not in 2 patients who had to have a chest tube insertion. The complete and partial regression rates were 25.0% (6/24) and 66.7% (16/24), respectively. Applying the new method, the total effective rate of aspiration improved significantly from 70.7% (58/82) to 97.6% (80/82).

Conclusion:

The opposite position aspiration can be safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment for CT-guided lung biopsy-induced pneumothorax thus reducing the use of chest tube significantly.

Advances in knowledge:

(1) Opposite position aspiration can elevate the success rate of aspiration significantly (from 70.7% to 97.6% in our study); (2) this procedure is a safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment for pneumothorax caused by biopsy; and (3) opposite position aspiration is a useful technique to reduce the use of chest tube, which has clinical significance.CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy is an established and safe technique for the diagnosis of lung lesions. Pneumothorax is the most frequent complication of this technique.^1–4 Chest tube placement is associated with higher levels of pain and anxiety, and opioid pre-medication and local anaesthesia is required.⁵ The infection risk and in-patient stay increased significantly. Numerous modifications to the technique have been evaluated in an attempt to manage biopsy-induced pneumothorax and to reduce the number of cases that require chest tube placement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of changing the posture and/or puncture site in the treatment of pneumothorax following CT-guided lung biopsies.     

CT引导下肺部穿刺活检后气胸形成的影响因素

目的 探讨CT引导下肺部穿刺活检后气胸形成的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析89例接受CT引导下肺部穿刺活检患者的临床资料.依据患者是否发生气胸分为气胸组(n=24)与非气胸组(n=65),对比两组患者围术期各项基础资料信息差异,再将有差异变量纳入logistic回归分析,明确CT引导下肺部穿刺活检后出现气胸危险因素.结果 ...     

CT引导下肺活检后速发性气胸和迟发性气胸的对比研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨CT引导下肺活检术后速发性气胸和迟发性气胸的危险因素。方法回顾性分析532例接受CT引导下肺活检患者的临床资料。肺活检术后4 h和出院前至少两次复查胸片。根据患者病变和肺活检相关变量评估速发性和迟发性气胸的危险因素。结果共有158例患者发生气胸,其中速发性气胸132例,迟发性气胸26例。病变大小是速发性和迟发性气胸共同的独立危险因素。肺气肿、肺下叶位置、肺内穿刺距离长是速发性气胸的独立危险因素。肺上叶位置和胸膜穿刺次数多是迟发性气胸独立的危险因素。有14例(8.9%)患者需要置胸管或引流管,其中速发性气胸9例,迟发性气胸5例。迟发性气胸组胸管置入率高于速发性气胸组(P<0.01)。结论对于肺气肿、肺下叶病变、肺内穿刺距离长的患者,CT引导下肺活检后往往立即发生气胸。由于迟发性气胸对胸管引流的要求较高,多次穿刺累及肺上叶的小病变需注意监测。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术后气胸发生率的相关因素分析

目的分析影响CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术后气胸发生率的因素。方法观察162例CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术后患者气胸发生的情况（病灶直径1～6cm），分析其出现的相关因素并行非条件Logistic回归。结果术后CT发现气胸32例，发生率为19．8％。X^2检验表明患者是否合并慢性肺阻塞性疾病（COPD）、病灶与胸壁的距离、穿刺针停留时间及病灶直径等4个因素与气胸发生率有关。其中COPD患者67例术后发生气胸22例（32．8％）；病灶紧贴胸壁（48例）、病灶与胸壁距离〈2cm（55例）及病灶与胸壁距离〉2cm（59例）患者术后发生气胸分别为0、14（25．5％）、18例（30．5％）；穿刺针在胸腔内停留时间〈10min（83例）、10～20min（51例）、〉20min（28例）的患者术后发生气胸例数分别是8（9．6％）、10（19．6％）、14（50．0％）例；病灶直径〈2cm（65例）、2～4cm（52例）、〉4cm（45例）的患者术后发生气胸分别是19（29．2％）、8（15．4％）、5（11．1％）例。其中前3项经多因素Logistic回归分析，是气胸发生的危险因素（其OR值分别为4．652，4．030，2．855）。结论当病灶离胸壁远，患者合并有COPD，病灶直径小的患者，穿刺前要充分考虑到气胸发生的可能，减少穿刺针在胸腔内停留时间，可使CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术后气胸发生率大为降低。     

CT-guided lung biopsy: incidence of pneumothorax after instillation of NaCl into the biopsy track

This study was conducted to evaluate whether instillation of NaCl 0.9% solution into the biopsy track reduces the incidence of pneumothoraces after CT-guided lung biopsy. A total of 140 consecutive patients with pulmonary lesions were included in this prospective study. All patients were alternatingly assigned to one of two groups: group A in whom the puncture access was sealed by instillation of NaCl 0.9% solution during extraction of the guide needle (n = 70) or group B for whom no sealing was performed (n = 70). CT-guided biopsy was performed with a 18-G coaxial system. Localization of lesion (pleural, peripheral, central), lesion size, needle-pleural angle, rate of pneumothorax and alveolar hemorrhage were evaluated. In group A, the incidence of pneumothorax was lower compared to group B (8%, 6/70 patients vs. 34%, 24/70 patients; P < 0.001). All pneumothoraces occurred directly post punctionem after extraction of the guide needle. One patient in group A and eight patients in group B developed large pneumothoraces requiring chest tube placement (P = 0.01). The frequency of pneumothorax was independent of other variables. After CT-guided biopsy, instillation of NaCl 0.9% solution into the puncture access during extraction of the needle significantly reduces the incidence of pneumothorax.     

Duration of pneumothorax as a complication of CT-guided lung biopsy

The purpose of this study was to determine management guidelines for biopsy-induced pneumothorax with the assistance of manual aspiration, mainly based on the duration of complicated pneumothorax. Data from 388 consecutive percutaneous needle lung biopsies were examined. Patients with pneumothorax on postbiopsy chest CT images underwent percutaneous manual aspiration with an 18-G i.v. catheter. Frequency and management of biopsy-induced pneumothorax and period to its disappearance were reviewed. Postbiopsy pneumothorax occurred in 133 of 388 (34.3%) procedures. Manual aspiration in 72 of these 133 patients was carried out immediately after biopsy. The pneumothorax had resolved completely on follow-up chest radiographs without chest tube placement in 121 of the 133 pneumothoraces (91.0%). In cases requiring chest tube, the mean period from biopsy until resolution of the pneumothorax was 6.0 +/- 5.3 days, but was only 2.4 +/- 2.9 days when chest tube placement was not needed. Specifically, time until recovery was short both in those not requiring manual aspiration (2.1 +/- 3.4 days) and in those with a pneumothorax that disappeared completely or almost completely after manual aspiration (1.9 +/- 2.0 days). The almost equally short recovery periods in patients not requiring manual aspiration and those requiring immediate manual aspiration indicates the value of rapid management.     

CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy using a cutting needle and an automated biopsy gun. Comparison with lung biopsy using a manual aspiration needle]

Twenty-five percutaneous lung biopsies using a 20-gauge cutting needle and automated biopsy gun (ABG) were performed under CT guidance in 25 patients with thoracic lesions. This procedure was compared with that using a 21-gauge manual aspiration needle in 36 patients (40 examinations, 37 lesions) in terms of success rate, rate of correct diagnosis, mean examination time and rate of complications. Specimens obtained from lung biopsy were graded by a histopathologist according to quality and quantity from 0 to 4 (pathological score). There were no statistically significant differences between the two procedures in terms of success rate, rate of correct diagnosis and rate of complications; only the time required was significantly different. However, sufficient biopsy material and a mean pathological score of G-II 2.8 (that of G-I was 1.9, p less than 0.05) could be obtained by the biopsy procedure using the cutting needle. The above results indicated that aspiration needle biopsy was adequate for lung biopsy, but that a cutting needle and ABG should be used when a good biopsy specimen is needed for tissue diagnosis.     

Autologous blood clot seal to prevent pneumothorax at CT-guided lung biopsy

PURPOSE: To determine whether the use of autologous blood clot seal (ABCS) after biopsy of lung lesions can reduce or prevent pneumothorax. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors evaluated 100 patients (63 men, 37 women; age range, 27-78 years) with pleural (n = 23) or deep (n = 77) lesions. Thirty-eight patients had emphysema. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: those in whom the biopsy track was sealed with autologous blood clot (n = 50) and those who did not receive autologous blood clot (n = 50). Biopsy was performed with computed tomographic (CT) guidance and a 19-gauge coaxial system. The autologous blood clot, which ranged from 0.5 to 4.5 mL, was injected while the sheath was being withdrawn. RESULTS: Pneumothorax developed in four of the 23 patients (17%) with pleural lesions and 19 of the 77 patients (24%) with deep lesions. Pneumothorax occurred in four of the 45 patients (9%) who had deep lesions and received autologous blood clot and in 15 of the 32 patients (47%) who had deep lesions and did not receive autologous blood clot (P <.001). In patients with emphysema, pneumothorax occurred in three of the 20 patients (15%) who received autologous blood clot and 10 of the 14 (71%) who did not (P <.001). There were seven large pneumothoraces necessitating treatment; all occurred in patients who did not receive autologous blood clot. CONCLUSION: Plugging of biopsy tracks with ABCS, particularly after biopsy of deep lung lesions, significantly reduced the frequency of pneumothorax-particularly of large pneumothoraces-and, therefore, the need for treatment and the attendant cost.     

Breath-hold after forced expiration before removal of the biopsy needle decreased the rate of pneumothorax in CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy

Purpose

To assess the effect of a breath-hold after forced expiration on the rate of pneumothorax after computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of pulmonary lesions.

Materials and methods

Between January 2008 and December 2011, percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy was performed in 440 patients. Two hundred and twenty-one biopsies were performed without (control group) and two hundred and nineteen biopsies were performed with (study group) the study maneuver – a breath-hold after forced expiratory approach. Multivariate analysis was performed between groups for risk factors for pneumothorax, including patient demographics, lesion characteristics, and biopsy technique.

Results

A reduced number of pneumothoraces (18 [8.2%] vs 35 [15.8%]; P = 0.014) but no significant difference in rate of drainage catheter insertions (2 [0.9%] vs (4 [1.8%]; P = 0.418) were noted in the study group as compared with the control group. By logistic regression analysis, three factors significantly and independently affected the risk for pneumothorax including lesion size (transverse and longitudinal diameter), distance from pleura and utilizing or avoiding the breath-hold after deep expiration maneuver.

Conclusion

Breath-holding after forced expiration before removal of the biopsy needle during the percutaneous CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy almost halved the rate of overall pneumothorax. Small lesion size (longitudinal diameter) and the distance from pleura were also predictors of pneumothorax in our study.     

CT 引导下腰椎病变穿刺活检

探讨ＣＴ引导下腰椎及椎间盘突变穿刺活检的价值和方法。方法在ＣＴ引导下用Ａｃｋｅｒｍａｎｎ氏对３２例腰椎及腰椎间盘病变进行了穿刺活检。结果：３２例均经追踪或／和手术证实,穿刺准确率为９０．６％。无１例引起严重并并发症及后遗症。结论ＣＴ引导下行腰椎活检是一种安全可靠的方法。．     

Massive intrathoracic haemorrhage after CT-guided lung biopsy

CT-guided lung biopsy is now widely performed for tumorous lesions in the lung, and both its usefulness in this context and the associated complications have been well described in the literature. Although severe complications are rare, we describe a case in which massive intrathoracic haemorrhage developed after lung biopsy and necessitated emergency operation for control. Intraoperative findings suggested that the source of the haemorrhage was a fibrous, cord-like substance present at the site of adhesion associated with old tuberculosis. We attributed this haemorrhage to a pneumothorax, which developed after lung biopsy and caused the new vessels penetrating the centre of the fibrous, cord-like substance to stretch and rupture. Numerous cases have been reported of spontaneous haemopneumothorax precipitated by spontaneous pneumothorax and resulting from the rupture of such vessels.     

CT引导下经皮肺结节穿刺活检后快速出针病人翻转时间:影响气胸的发生率

目的评估CT引导下经皮肺结节穿刺活检后的快速出针病人翻转时间方法对气胸发生率的影响。材料与方法机构审查委员会批准了这项研究,所有病人均签署了知情同意书。2008年1月—2009年12月共完成201例CT引导     

Risk factors for pneumothorax and bleeding after CT-guided percutaneous coaxial cutting needle biopsy of lung lesions.

PURPOSE: To evaluate risk factors for pneumothorax and bleeding after computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous coaxial cutting needle biopsy of lung lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 117 consecutive patients with 117 intrapulmonary lesions. Statistical analysis of factors related to patient characteristics, lung lesions, and biopsy technique was performed to determine possible contribution to the occurrence of pneumothorax and bleeding. Interactions between related factors were considered to prevent colinearity. RESULTS: Pneumothorax occurred in 12% (14 of 117) of patients. Needle aspiration of two moderate asymptomatic pneumothoraces were performed; there was no chest tube insertion. Lesion depth (P =.0097), measured from the pleural puncture site to the edge of the intrapulmonary lesion along the needle path, was the single significant predictor of pneumothorax. The highest risk of pneumothorax occurred in subpleural lesions 2 cm or shorter in depth (this represented 33% of lung lesions but caused 71% of all pneumothoraces; OR = 7.1; 95% CI, 1.3-50.8). Bleeding presented as lung parenchyma hemorrhage and hemoptysis in 30 patients (26%). Hemoptysis occurred in four patients (3%). Univariate analysis identified lesion depth (P <.0001), lesion size (P <.015), and pathology type (P =.007) as risk factors for bleeding. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified lesion depth as the most important risk factor, with the highest bleeding risk for lesions more than 2 cm deep (14% of lesions caused 46% of all bleeding; OR = 17.3; 95% CI, 3.3-121.4). CONCLUSIONS: In CT-guided coaxial cutting needle biopsy, lesion depth is the single predictor for risk of pneumothorax, which occurs at the highest rate in subpleural lesions. Increased risk of bleeding occurs in lesions deeper than 2 cm.     

CT导向经皮肺穿刺活检术的临床应用

目的：评价CT导引下经皮肺穿刺活检的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术或病理证实的CT导向肺穿刺活检38例。活检的要点包括选择最佳层面、进针点及作点扇状快速抽吸。结果：38例中明确诊断33例，其中腺癌11例，鳞癌4例，转移癌1例，未分化癌1例，查到癌细胞但未能分型2例，异形细胞3例，肺脓肿4例，肺结核4例，炎性假瘤3例。未明确诊断5例。发生气胸2例，少量咯血2例。穿刺活检总确诊率为86．8％。结论；CT导引下肺穿刺活检确诊率高，并发症少，是一种简便、实用、安全的检查方法，应广泛推广应用。     

CT导向下腹部肿块细针穿刺抽吸活检

Fine needle aspiration biopsy were made under CT guidance of 50 cases of intra-abdominal masses, including liver in 37 cases, kidney in 6, pancreas and spleen in 1 respectively, and 5 biopsies were made of tumors of the abdominal cavity. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 92%, and the accuracy for malignancies was 84.6%. No complications occurred related to the procedure. The relevant factors for precise biopsy safety and the therapeutic value of this technique were discussed. It was concluded that CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy is precise in localization, it is a safe approach yielding satisfactory diagnostic accuracy.