脑瘫患儿口运动与进食和营养问题

目的　分析脑瘫患儿口运动与进食障碍的发生率与症状学 ,并对营养状况进行初步评价。方法　 2 0 0 2年 3月～ 2 0 0 3年 3月住院康复的脑瘫患儿 5 9例 ,男 39例 ,女 2 0例 ,平均年龄 31个月 (2 0～ 72个月 )。父母问卷调查了解高危因素、喂养史 ,神经病学检查评价脑瘫类型 ,Gesell发育评分评价运动发育年龄 ,测体重、身高评价营养状况 ,对所有患儿进行口运动与进食技能评分与现场观察 ,按年龄、性别匹配对照组进行对比分析。结果　 5 9例患儿中口运动障碍 5 1例 ,所有徐动型和痉挛型四肢瘫、16例痉挛型双瘫患儿存在口运动异常 ,脑瘫组平均口运动评分为 (2 5± 15 )分 ,低于对照组儿童 (t=11 5 87,P <0 0 0 1)。口运动异常涉及下颌、唇、舌的各个运动测试亚项。 5 5例患儿存在进食方面问题 ,绝大多数患儿进食过程中需要家长帮助 ,半数患儿仅能进食流质和 (或 )半流质 ,不能进食固体食物。进食技能障碍主要表现在口相和口前相 ,脑瘫组进食技能分平均 (35± 11)分 ,亦明显低于对照儿童 (t=4 5 5 2 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,徐动型总分较低 ,其次是痉挛型四肢瘫。脑瘫组 13例患儿体重低于第 2 5百分位数 ,19例患儿身高低于第 2 5百分位数 ,提示体格发育存在受阻现象。结论　绝大多数脑瘫患儿存在口运动和进食障碍 ,     

高压氧治疗对脑性瘫痪儿童血清白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子水平的影响

目的观察高压氧治疗对脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)患儿血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量的影响。方法将40例脑瘫患儿随机分为对照组和脑瘫观察组各20例,两组均给予康复治疗,脑瘫观察组在康复治疗的基础上加用高压氧治疗,另选40例正常儿童作为正常对照组。治疗前分别测定脑瘫患儿及正常儿童的血清IL-6、TNF-α含量,治疗3个月后测定脑瘫对照组和脑瘫观察组患儿血清中IL-6、TNF-α含量的变化。结果治疗前脑瘫组患儿血清IL-6、TNF-α含量较正常儿童明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗3个月后脑瘫观察组和脑瘫对照组患儿血清中IL-6、TNF-α含量较治疗前降低,脑瘫观察组较脑瘫对照组下降明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高压氧治疗通过降低脑瘫患儿血清中IL-6、TNF-α的水平,发挥治疗作用。     

目标-活动-丰富运动干预对脑性瘫痪高危儿粗大及精细运动功能的影响

目的探讨目标-活动-丰富运动(GAME)疗法对脑性瘫痪(脑瘫)高危儿粗大及精细运动功能的影响。方法前瞻性研究。采用随机、单盲、对照试验选取2017年11月至2019年11月青岛市妇女儿童医院康复科收治且符合纳入标准的脑瘫高危儿116例, 按照随机数字表法分为对照组(58例)和观察组(58例), 2组再根据Peabody运动发育量表-2(PDMS-2)的粗大运动发育商(GMQ)分为轻度组、中度组及重度组, 治疗期间对照组和观察组分别脱落4例及8例, 最终纳入对照组54例, 观察组50例。对照组早期干预采用常规康复治疗, 观察组采用GAME疗法进行干预。治疗前及治疗12周后, 采用粗大运动功能评定量表-88(GMFM-88)、PDMS-2的粗大运动发育商(GMQ)和PDMS-2的精细运动发育商(FMQ)评定患儿的运动功能。采用χ2检验或Fisher′s确切概率法比较一般资料中的性别, 采用t检验比较2组患儿年龄和评估指标。结果与治疗前比较, 2组患儿治疗后的GMFM-88评分、GMQ及FMQ均显著提高, 差异均有统计学意义[对照组GMFM-88:(63.52±10.06)分比(47.02±...     

综合康复治疗小儿脑性瘫痪242例疗效观察

目的观察小儿脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)综合康复治疗的疗效。方法将242例脑瘫患儿分为观察组及对照组,观察组122例患儿进行有针对性的药物治疗、运动治疗、作业治疗、语言矫治训练、引导式教育及中医针灸、按摩等综合康复治疗;对照组120例只采用单一的药物治疗,14 d为1个疗程,共用3~5个疗程。观察并比较两组及观察组不同年龄段患儿的疗效。结果观察组脑瘫患儿经综合康复治疗后,发育指数明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,0.01);观察组中0~6个月患儿总有效率为96.77%(30/31),~12个月为94.03%(63/67),~3岁为84.62%(11/13),~5岁为63.64%(7/11),各年龄段间疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论综合康复治疗脑瘫患儿疗效显著,早期诊断、早期干预治疗,效果更好。     

B超评定股四头肌厚度在痉挛型双瘫脑性瘫痪患儿康复评价中的作用

目的探讨B超评定股四头肌厚度在痉挛型双瘫脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)患儿康复疗效评价中的作用,为康复疗效评定提供一种新的方法。方法选取60例痉挛型双瘫脑瘫患儿,随机分为两组:观察组30例进行中药熏洗联合常规康复训练治疗;对照组30例仅进行常规康复训练治疗。应用改良Ash-worth(MAS)、粗大运动功能评定量表(GMFM-88)、B超评定股四头肌肌张力、粗大运动功能、股四头肌厚度(MTQ)。结果 (1)治疗1.5个月与治疗前比较:MAS分值略有降低,GMFM-88分值略有增加,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而MTQ值明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)治疗3个月与治疗前比较:MAS分值明显降低(P<0.01);GMFM-88分值明显增加(P<0.01);MTQ值明显增加(P<0.05)。(3)观察组治疗前、治疗1.5个月、治疗3个月后MTQ值与GMFM-88分值有相关性(r=0.734,P<0.01)。结论 B超可以通过反映局部肌肉厚度的变化,为脑瘫患儿康复疗效评价提供客观依据。     

中西医结合临床路径在脑性瘫痪康复中的作用

目的观察中西医结合临床路径对脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)康复中临床疗效的影响。方法选取脑瘫患儿60例,随机分为对照组和观察组各30例,对照组采用传统方法进行治疗和护理,观察组采用中西医结合临床路径进行治疗和护理,对两组患儿院内感染发生率、平均住院时间、住院费用进行比较和统计学分析。结果观察组住院费用明显低于对照组,全面实施中西医结合临床路径后脑瘫患儿院内感染发生率、住院费用均低于实施前,有效率高于实施前。结论应用中西医结合临床路径能够减少脑瘫住院患儿院内感染发生率和住院费用,提高康复疗效。     

“脊背六法”降低痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿脊背部肌张力的疗效观察

目的探讨脊背六法在痉挛型脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)患儿康复中降低脊背部肌张力的作用。方法将60例痉挛型脑瘫患儿按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组。观察组选用肢体按摩加脊背六法,对照组仅用肢体按摩,两组均结合现代康复技术,3个疗程(3个月)后观察两组患儿脊背部肌张力变化情况。结果两组患儿经1,2个疗程的治疗后,在降低脊背部肌张力的时间与疗效上,观察组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在3个疗程后,两组患儿脊背部肌张力的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在脑瘫患儿的临床康复中应用脊背六法,可在短时间内有效降低患儿脊背部肌张力,缩短康复疗程,提高康复疗效。     

超低频经颅磁刺激对痉挛型脑瘫患儿运动功能的影响

目的：探讨超低频经颅磁刺激（TMS）对痉挛型脑瘫患儿的治疗效果。方法：将75例痉挛型脑瘫患儿随机分为对照组（33例）和治疗组（42例）,对照组只接受常规的综合康复训练进行治疗,治疗组则在综合康复训练的同时,进行超低频TMS治疗。应用粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)和精细运动功能测试量表（FMFM）对两组患儿进行评价,比较两组患儿治疗1个月和3个月后运动功能的变化。结果：治疗1个月后,治疗组患儿坐位能区的改善优于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗3个月后,治疗组患儿坐位能区、爬与跪能区及GMFM总分的改善均优于对照组（P<0.05）;上肢关节活动能力、抓握能力、操作能力的改善亦均优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：超低频TMS可以有效改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的运动功能。     

感觉统合训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿步态影响的临床研究

目的观察感觉统合训练对痉挛型脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)患儿步态的影响,为脑瘫患儿提供更合理、有效的康复治疗方法。方法痉挛型脑瘫患儿64例,按性别、年龄、身高、体质量、临床分型及其移动能力进行配对分组。观察组和对照组各32例(双瘫22例,偏瘫10例)。观察组接受运动疗法、按摩、理疗等常规康复训练的同时配合每日1次共30 min的专业感觉统合训练,对照组只接受常规的康复训练,3个月为1个疗程。康复治疗前后采用足印法对所有受试对象进行步态分析。结果 (1)两组双瘫患儿两侧步行足长、步速较治疗前增大,步宽较治疗前减小,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,0.01);观察组两侧步行足长、步速较对照组增大,步宽较对照组减小,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);两侧站立足长在治疗前后比较和组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)两组偏瘫患儿治疗后患侧步行足长较治疗前增大,观察组偏瘫患儿步宽较治疗前减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,0.01);观察组治疗后患侧步行足长、步速较对照组增大、步宽较对照组减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组步速、对照组步宽较治疗前差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两侧站立足长、健...     

不同运动功能分级脑瘫患儿步态分析中时-空与运动学参数的对比研究CSCD

目的比较2019年3月至2021年3月上海市儿童医院骨科收治的不同运动功能分级脑瘫患儿步态分析中时-空与运动学参数的差异,探索通过三维步态分析中时-空与运动学参数来定量评价痉挛型脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能,为痉挛型脑瘫的病情评估提供客观定量方法。方法选取年龄6~12岁、经粗大运动功能分级系统(gross motor function classification system,GMFCS)分级为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的痉挛型脑瘫患儿为研究对象,共90例,GMFCS分级为Ⅰ级(Ⅰ级组)、Ⅱ级(Ⅱ级组)、Ⅲ级(Ⅲ级组)各30例。选取30例正常儿童作为正常对照组。通过三维步态分析系统采集90例脑瘫患儿和正常对照组儿童步态分析中的时-空与运动学参数,利用方差分析和多样本均数间多重比较,分析不同运动功能分级脑瘫患儿之间以及与正常对照组儿童之间的差异。结果脑瘫患儿步态分析时-空参数中步长、步宽、步速、步频、跨步长较正常对照组儿童明显减小(P<0.05),且随GMFCS分级的升高而逐渐减小;脑瘫患儿步态周期和双支撑时间较正常对照组儿童明显延长(P<0.05),且随GMFCS分级的升高而逐渐延长。运动学参数中,脑瘫患儿髋关节、膝关节和踝关节活动角度较正常对照组儿童明显减小(P<0.05),髋关节最大屈曲角度、膝关节最大和最小屈曲角度、踝关节最大背屈角度明显减小,而髋关节最小屈曲角度明显增大(P<0.05);随GMFCS分级的升高,关节活动角度逐渐减小,髋关节最大屈曲角度、膝关节最大和最小屈曲角度、踝关节最大背屈角度逐渐减小,而髋关节最小屈曲角度逐渐增大;仅踝关节最大跖屈角度在不同GMFCS分级患儿中无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论步态分析中时-空参数和运动学参数可以定量评估痉挛型脑瘫患儿的下肢运动功能。GMFCS分级越高的脑瘫患儿与正常儿童之间的差异越大,下肢的运动功能越差。     

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??Objective??To characterize the clinical symptoms of all enrolled microcephalic children with cerebral palsy??CP????to provide evidence for rehabilitation management. Methods??To summarize the results of a cross-sectional survey of a total of 422 children??0-18 years old?? who were registered as cerebral palsy by Disabled Persons’ Federation of Chengdu from February to April in 2013. All children were grouped according to head circumference. We analyzed the correlation between head circumference with gross motor function classification system??GMFCS????intelligence and complications. Results??There were statistically significant between the two different degrees of head circumference group and the classification of GMFCS and cognition respectively??P??0.001??. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the number of comorbidities??GMFCS and degree of cognitive damage in children with cerebral palsy with microcephaly were negatively correlated with head circumference??P??0.001??. Conclusion??The degree of head circumference reduction in children with cerebral palsy complicated by microcephaly is negatively correlated with GMFCS??the number of comorbidities and the degree of cognitive impairment.     

Pros and cons of gastrostomy feeding in children with cerebral palsy

At least a third of children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy (CP) will have feeding difficulties. Malnutrition should not be considered normal in children with CP. Early, persistent, and severe feeding difficulties are a marker for subsequent poor growth and developmental outcomes. Growth patterns in children with cerebral palsy are associated with their overall health and social participation. Growth restriction increases progressively with age and thus mandates early nutritional intervention. In children with severe CP such nutritional intervention is increasingly being administered by gastrostomy feeding tube but controversy surrounds the evidence-base for this approach. Moreover, mothers' decisions about gastrostomy feeding are complex and difficult and must be taken into account in making therapeutic recommendations. This paper discusses the available research evidence and psychosocial issues around gastrostomy feeding in children with severe CP. It seeks to provide a basis for rational clinical decision-making based upon the integration of the best available research evidence with clinical experience and patient values.     

基于ICF-CY核心分类组合的康复治疗方案对脑性瘫痪患儿日常生活能力影响的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 探讨基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(儿童与青少年版)》(International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health,Children and Youth Version,ICF-CY)核心分类组合的康复治疗方案对脑性瘫痪患儿日常生活能力的影响...     

降低早产儿脑性瘫痪发生率的临床研究

目的探讨早期干预对降低早产儿脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)发生率的作用.方法来自全国各协作单位的1053 例早产儿按研究开始前、后的时间和家长意愿分为早期干预组(551例)和常规育儿组(502例).干预组自早产儿出院开始除接受常规育儿指导外,通过家长对早产儿进行认知、语言、情感和交往能力培养,并重点进行按摩、体操和主动运动训练,出现运动异常者做相应康复训练.常规组只接受与干预组相同的常规育儿指导.结果两组男女比例、孕母并发症、平均胎龄和出生体重、小于胎龄儿的比例、单胎和多胎的比例、胎内窘迫、生后窒息、新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病和颅内出血的发生率、Apgar评分和纠正胎龄40周新生儿行为神经测查评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明两组有可比性.1岁时脑瘫发生率干预组为0.91%(5/551),常规组为3.19% (16/502)(P<0.01).干预组5例脑瘫患儿中3例为轻度,2例为重度;常规组16例中7例为中度,9例为重度.结论早产儿早期干预可降低早产儿脑瘫发生率,此结论有待扩大样本重复验证.     

Decreased chest mobility in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Consequences of neuromuscular impairment may lead to lung damage and reduced lung function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate chest mobility by means of chest expansion (CE) measurements in patients with spastic CP. Chest circumference at maximal voluntary inspiration (Cinsp) and at maximal voluntary expiration (Cexpir) and CE (the difference between Cinsp and Cexpir) were measured in 56 consecutive inpatients with spastic CP and in 40 healthy children. CE was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and Cexpir was increased (p < 0.02) in the CP group, while mean Cinsp values were not statistically different (p > 0.05). The difference between CP patients and controls with respect to CE was becoming more prominent in older children. As chest mobility is decreased in spastic CP patients, early initiation of pulmonary rehabilitation, which may improve and maintain chest mobility and respiratory function, seems reasonable in this patient group.     

Feeding problems in children with cerebral palsy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude and extent of feeding problems in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional interventions. DESIGN: Prospective hospital based interventional study. METHOD: Children with cerebral palsy of either sex were enrolled randomly and their parents were interviewed for their perception about feeding problems, nutritional status and for their views about the expected outcome of feeding problems. Each case was assessed for feeding problems based on Gisel and Patrick feeding skill score; for nutritional status by measurement of weight, skinfold thickness (at biceps, triceps, suprailiac and subscapular), mid arm circumference and caloric intake; neurologically for type and severity of cerebral palsy and for developmental age by Gasell s developmental scale. Equal number of age and sex matched controls were included for comparison of nutritional status and developmental quotient. Various rehabilitation procedures were applied and their response was observed in the followup ranging from 3-10 months. RESULTS: One hundred children (76 boys and 24 girls) with cerebral palsy of mean age 2.5 years (range 1 to 9 years) and mean developmental age of 7.6 months (range 1 to 36 months) were included in the study. Oral motor dysfunction (OMD) was found in all cases and in each category. Spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (SQCP) and hypotonic patients had significantly poor feeding skill score (p < 0.001). Mean duration of feeding session was 31.5 minutes (range 10-60 minutes). Main food of children with cerebral palsy consisted of liquid and semisolid diet. Children with poor OMD were unable to take solid food. Cases with seizures had significantly more feeding problems than those without seizures (p < 0.001). Parental awareness about feeding problems of their children was significantly low and they overestimated the nutritional status of their children. Anthropometric indicators were significantly lower than controls (p < 0.001). Spastic quadreparesis, hypotonia and poor feeding skill score had negative effect on nutritional status. Thirty per cent parents of cerebral palsy patients were pessimistic about the possibility of any improvement in feeding problems. After nutritional rehabilitation, good improvement was seen in feeding problems, OMD and nutritional status. CONCLUSION: Nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy is poor due to summation of several factors. Therefore, they should be thoroughly assessed for feeding problems and nutritional status in order to start timely nutritional rehabilitation which can significantly improve their nutritional status and quality of life.     

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目的探讨脑性瘫痪的诊断以利防治。方法对南京市儿童医院早期干预门诊确诊的640例脑患儿[早产儿258例(早产儿组),足月儿382例(足月儿组)]分析其病因、早期临床表现及头颅CT征象,进行体格神经系统检查并智测。结果(1)高危因素,两组在颅内出血、肺部疾病早产儿组明显高于足月儿组,缺氧缺血性脑病组足月儿明显高于早产儿组,P均<0·05外余P均>0·05。(2)6个月以内确诊早产儿、足月儿两组各为28、90例的临床表现,反应差、嗜睡、少吃、少哭、少动,肌张力低下,早产儿组明显高于足月儿组,而不停啼哭,护理困难,肌张力增高,足月儿组明显高于早产儿组,P均<0·01及0·05余P均>0·05。(3)早产儿、足月儿两组的身长、体重、头围、MDI和PDI各为73·24±9·82、73·58±11·64(cm),9·12±2·31、9·23±2·80(kg),44·15±3·47、42·99±4·23(cm),44·42±6·09、41·99±7·28(分),43·81±4·95、40·80±4·51(分)。(4)头颅CT表现。早产儿、足月儿两组CT异常率各为95·4%及89·8%,P<0·05。(5)发育落后早产儿组言语落后明显高于足月儿组外,足月儿组身长<2SD明显高于早产儿组P均<0·05,余P均>0·05。结论当患儿具有高危因素、异常临床表现与神经症状、发育明显落后,应结合头颅CT密切随访可早期诊断脑性瘫痪及早干预。