脑干三叉神经诱发电位的特征及临床应用研究

目的　探讨正常人脑干三叉神经诱发电位 (BTEP)的波形特征及三叉神经系统病变时BTEP的变化。方法　对 3 0名正常成人进行BTEP检测 ,确定正常值标准 ,并与 2 5例确诊为三叉神经系统病变患者的BTEP检查结果进行比较。结果　 3 0名正常人均记录到清晰、稳定的BTEP反应波。病例组 2 5例中BTEP异常 14例 ( 5 6% ) ,其中双侧异常 6例。 9例有面部感觉障碍者中 8例BTEP异常 ,16例无面部感觉障碍者 6例异常。 5例经脑外科手术证实的脑桥小脑角肿瘤患者 4例异常。 7例行射频治疗者 ,手术前后BTEP无明显变化。周围性病变时 ,BTEP主要表现为T1、T2 波消失或潜伏期延长 ,T1～T3波波间潜伏期差值 (IPLD)延长。中枢性病变时T3、T5波消失或低波幅 ,T1～T5、T2 ～T5波IPLD延长。结论　用无伤害性刺激在正常人可引导出稳定的BTEP反应波。三叉神经系统周围神经和脑干中枢部分病变时 ,BTEP变化明显。BTEP为评价三叉神经周围结构和脑干中枢神经通路功能 ,提供了一个新的、可靠的电生理学方法。     

脑干三叉神经诱发电位研究进展

脑干三叉神经诱发电位 (BTEP)是反应皮层下三叉神经感觉通路传导功能的客观指标。近年来 ,BTEP在疾病诊断、昏迷预后评定及手术监护等领域日益显现出重要性 ,成为又一研究热点。本文就近年来BTEP的研究进展作一综述。     

脑干血管病的脑干三叉神经诱发电位的研究

目的：探讨脑干血管病的脑干三叉神经诱发电位（BTEP）改变及其临床价值。方法：对28例脑干脑血管（出血12例,梗死16例）进行BTEP检测,同时检测干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果：28例脑干血管病患者BTEP正常7例、异常21例（75％）,其中双侧异常13例、单侧异常8例,异常BTEP主要表现为T3、T5波形消失、波幅低下,或峰潜伏期延长,T1－T3、T1－T5波同期延长,BTEP的变化与病情相关,,且较BAEP更灵敏。结论：BTEP可作为评价脑干血管病引起的脑干细胞损伤的可靠电生理学方法。     

脑干三叉神经诱发电位的刺激方法研究

目的 :研究适于术中监护的脑干三叉神经诱发电位 (BTEP)诱发方法。方法 :分别采用两种方法引导BTEP :①表面电极直接刺激下唇 ;②针状电极穿刺眶下孔直接刺激眶下神经 ,并比较其优、缺点。结果 :针状电极刺激引导出稳定的BTEP波形 ;BTEP包含3个主要波 :W1、W2 和W3 。W1为正波 ,潜伏期 0 79～ 0 85ms ;W2 为负波 ,潜伏期 1 72～ 1 80ms ;W3 为负波 ,潜伏期 2 60～ 2 65ms。结论 :针状电极刺激较表面电极刺激引导BTEP的电位记录效果为好     

脑干三叉神经诱发电位对三叉神经痛微血管减压术的应用研究

目的 评价三叉神经痛微血管减压术前、后三叉神经的传导功能变化，探讨脑干三叉神经诱发电位对三叉神经痛微血管减压术的指导及其对手术预后的评估，探讨微血管减压术的可能机制。方法 14例经术前核磁共振斜矢状位成像证实有神经血管压迫的三叉神经痛的病人，在微血管减压过程中，通过术前、中、后记录早期头皮诱发电位监测三叉神经传导功能。结果 所有病例的术前头皮诱发电位均呈潜伏期延长与波幅降低的改变，显示三叉神经根部的传导功能损害。脑干三叉神经诱发电位证实微血管减压术后，14例病人三叉神经传导功能迅速恢复，术后疼痛均缓解。结论 微血管减压术后三叉神经痛的改善，常与神经生理学数值恢复正常有关，提示神经传导功能的恢复。微血管减压术后电生理参数值的迅速恢复及疼痛缓解，证明这两种现象与髓鞘再生无关。脑干三叉神经诱发电位预测微血管减压术的效果是可靠的。     

脑干三叉神经诱发电位的电生理学特征

目的研究脑干三叉神经诱发电位（BTEP）的波形特征。方法选择全麻开颅手术非三叉神经痛病人20例,采用针形电极刺激其三叉神经周围支,在头顶记录BTEP波形,统计潜伏期、波幅和波间期。结果本组均可记录到W1、W2、W3三个波形,其中W1为高幅三相波,W2、W3为单相负波。在一定范围内,随着刺激强度增大,W1、W2、W3波幅增大而潜伏期不变。结论采用针形电极刺激能获得满意的BTEP波形,为进一步研究三叉神经痛病人在微血管减压术前后BTEP的变化提供依据。     

三叉神经后根切断术治疗原发性三叉神经痛

我院自 1998年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 4月行三叉神经后根选择性切断术治疗顽固性原发性三叉神经痛13例 ,效果满意。报告如下 :　　临床资料本组 13例患者中 ,男 5例 ,女 8例。年龄 5 0～74岁 ,平均 6 1岁。其中 5 0～ 5 9岁 5例 ,6 0～ 6 9岁6例 ,70岁以上 2例。病程 8～ 30年 ,平均     

家兔脑干三叉神经诱发电位监测方法的研究

目的建立稳定可靠的家兔脑干三叉神经诱发电位的监测方法。方法 20只家兔随机分为两组,每组各10只。两组均使用针形刺激电极,一组穿刺鼻唇沟(穿刺鼻唇沟组),另一组穿刺眶下孔(穿刺眶下孔组),均以Cz-Cv7导联记录家兔三叉神经诱发电位。结果两组刺激阈值和最大刺激强度均无明显差别;穿刺眶下孔组三叉神经诱发电位波形检出率明显高于穿刺鼻唇沟组(χ2=6.6667,P0.01),但刺激产生的肌电伪迹较明显。结论穿刺眶下孔直接刺激眶下神经能够较恒定地监测出三叉神经诱发电位,尽管伪迹较明显,但不影响对波形特征的判断,应用价值较大。     

显微血管减压术联合三叉神经感觉根部分切断术治疗伴静脉压迫的原发性三叉神经痛

目的 探讨显微血管减压术（MVD）联合三叉神经感觉根部分切断术（PSR）治疗伴静脉压迫的原发性三叉神经痛（PTN）的疗效。方法 2014年6月至2015年12月收治的82例PTN的临床资料。根据治疗方法分为观察组和对照组。观察组41例采用MVD联合PSR治疗,对照组42例采用MVD治疗。结果 术后1周,观察组总有效率（95.12%）明显高于对照组（80.49%;P<0.05）。术后1年,观察组疼痛消除率（87.80%）明显高于对照组（68.29%;P<0.05）。观察组术后并发症总发生率（17.07%）与对照组（14.63%）无统计学差异（P>0.05）。观察组术后复发率（2.44%）明显低于对照组（17.07%;P<0.05）。结论 MVD联合PSR治疗合并静脉压迫的PTN疗效显著,复发率低。     

脑干三叉诱发电位研究进展

脑干三叉诱发电位 (BTEP)是用电生理学方法客观、定量评价三叉神经周围和脑干中枢结构的传导功能的一种方法。本文综述BTEP的检测技术 ,主要电位的神经起源和临床应用研究进展     

Usefulness of trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials to detect subclinical trigeminal impairment in multiple sclerosis patients

Trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials (TSEPs) by surface electric pulse stimulation were recorded in 30 normal subjects and in 70 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, 13 of whom presenting clinical trigeminal impairment. We observed significant prolongation of all TSEPs parameters in MS group. TSEPs were abnormal in 45 patients (64.3%). Clinical and neurophysiological data agreed in 36 patients (51%) on 84 sides (60%). TSEPs were able to detect clinically silent lesions 54 times. TSEPs recording proves to be an additional useful test in MS multimodal evoked potential protocols.     

Clinicopathological review of patients with and without multiple sclerosis treated by partial sensory rhizotomy for medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia: a 12-year retrospective study

Background

Trigeminal nerve root entry zone demyelination has been implicated as a cause of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and patients with nerve root vascular compression. We have examined the relationship between pathology and treatment outcome in patients with and without MS, treated for intractable TN by partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR).

Methods

We reviewed the operative records, electron microscopic biopsy findings and post-operative satisfaction and pain scores of 23 MS and 47 non-MS patients who underwent PSR between 1992 and 2004.

Results

The MS and non-MS patients had similar ages of onset of TN, duration of symptoms, age at surgery and proportions with typical and atypical symptoms. Demyelination was present in 16 MS and 23 non-MS patients (p = 0.129), and a compressing vessel in 5 MS and 23 non-MS patients (p = 0.039). Of those with demyelination, vascular compression was documented in 3 MS and 15 non-MS patients (p = 0.008). Pain and satisfaction scores were similar in both groups. Recurrent TN was more commonly associated with a compressing vessel (p = 0.019).

Conclusions

TN is frequently associated with nerve root entry zone demyelination in MS and patients with nerve root vascular compression. The characteristics of the TN and response to PSR are similar in both groups. Persistent vascular compression increases the risk of recurrent TN after PSR.     

脑干听觉诱发电位在小脑卒中应用的价值探讨

对２８例小脑卒中患者进行脑干听觉诱发电位（Ｂｒａｉｎｓｔｅｒｎａｕｄｉｔｏｒｙｅｖｏｋｅｄｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ，ＢＡＥＰ）检测研究，其中小脑出血１９例，小脑梗塞９例，结果发现：ＢＡＥＰ在小脑卒中的异常为８５．７１％，且主要发生在病灶侧，部分病例可累及双侧。主要以Ⅲ，Ⅴ波ＰＬ及Ｉ～Ⅲ，Ｉ～ⅤＩＰＬ延长，ＢＡＥＰ在出血及梗塞的定性上无参考价值，随着病情的好转，ＢＥＡＰ亦逐渐恢复正常。     

Preserved cortical somatosensory evoked potentials in apnoeic coma with loss of brain-stem reflexes: case report

A comatose patient suffering from diffuse cerebellar haemorrhage developed apnoea and brainstem areflexia, i.e. the clincial signs of brain death. However, median nerve somatosensory evoked potential testing 2.5 h and 22 h after the onset of this clinical syndrome showed cortical potentials partly preserved; these were abolished 46 h after the beginning of the clinical signs of brain death. This case report underlines the need for electrophysiological confirmation of brain death in patients with primarily infratentorial lesions.     

Brain function in patients with cerebral fat embolism evaluated using somatosensory and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials

Summary In two victims of traffic accidents with broken bones and fat embolism, serial recordings of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were examined to assess brain function. Initial SEPs and BAEPs revealed normal subcortical components, while the late cortical components of SEPs were abolished, findings indicative of diffuse dysfunction of grey rather than of white matter. As the neurological functions became normal, the late components appeared. It is concluded that while absent late components of SEPs do reflect cortical dysfunction, they are not necessarily associated with a poor prognosis. Repetitive recordings of SEPs appear to be a useful tool for assessing the neurological condition and the prognosis of patients with cerebral fat embolism.     

The application of evoked potentials in the diagnosis and follow-up of children with intracranial tumors

Somatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (SSEPs and BAEPs) provide sensitive measures of the central conduction functions of the auditory and somatosensory input systems at different levels of the central nervous system. The contribution of SSEPs and BAEPs in the primary diagnosis and follow-up of 26 children with infra- and supratentorial tumors were reviewed. The SSEPs, especially the specific complex, showed a latency increase in patients with supratentorial and brainstem mass lesions involving directly or distantly the somatosensory tracts. The BAEPs were sensitive for supratentorial pressure effects and for local and distant posterior fossa tumor effects. In the follow-up of children, evoked potentials offer a good method of detecting tumor recurrence, whereas neuroradiological procedures may be obscured by surgical or radiation artifacts.This paper has been presented in part at the Symposium of the European Federation of Child Neurology Societies, June 1983     

部分肌松条件下术中面神经运动诱发电位监护的临床应用

目的 测定术中面神经运动诱发电位(FNMEP)监护的最佳肌松程度,并探讨听神经瘤切除术中部分肌松下进行FNMEP监护的可行性.方法 本研究的第一部分通过记录30例患者在不同肌松程度下获得眼轮匝肌和口轮匝肌的波幅和潜伏期以及患者的经颅电刺激诱发的体动反应来确定最佳的肌松程度;第二部分对15例择期行听神经瘤切除术的患者在最佳肌松程度下进行术中FNMEP监护,并分析其预测术后面神经功能的敏感性和特异性.结果 在单颤搐刺激肌松监测模式下,当T1=30%～40%时,既可记录到清晰可辨的FNMEP的波形,体动的影响也最小.在此肌松程度下,15例听神经瘤切除术均成功进行了术中FNMEP的监护.而术后/术前FNMEP波幅比值预测术后神经功能的敏感度和特异度分别达到了90%和91%.结论 单次肌颤搐刺激下T1=30%～40%是适用于术中FNMEP监护的肌松程度.在此肌松程度下进行术中监护同样能够及时发现听神经瘤切除术中的面神经损伤.     

脑干听觉诱发电位在脑干肿瘤术中监护

目的：研究双耳刺激、双侧记录的脑干听觉诱发电位在脑干肿瘤手术中的监护价值。方法：对３０例听力正常的健康受试者用双耳刺激、双侧记录和单耳刺激、同侧记录的方法检测其脑干听觉诱发电位；对１６例脑干肿瘤患者，用双耳刺激、双侧记录的脑干听觉诱发电位进行术中连续监护。结果：所有病人在手术操作时，均出现ＢＡＥＰｓ改变，按其改变程度大致可分为轻度改变、中度改变和重度改变三种。轻、中度改变者，临床效果良好；重度改变者，预后不良，甚至死亡。结论：双耳刺激双侧记录的ＢＡＥＰｓ更适用于手术中监护；术中ＢＡＥＰｓ改变程度能反映脑干功能受影响程度和能预测预后；Ⅲ波和／或Ｖ波的ＰＬ，Ⅰ－Ⅲ、Ⅰ－Ⅴ、Ⅲ－Ⅴ的ＩＰＬ延长超过１．５ｍｓ，或者全部波形消失，是脑干功能受到不可逆损害的具体指标