前列腺动脉栓塞术治疗良性前列腺增生临床效果及手术入路探讨

目的 评价前列腺动脉栓塞术（PAE）治疗良性前列腺增生症（BPH）效果,探讨经肱动脉入路行PAE术的可行性和安全性。方法 采用PAE术治疗11例BPH患者。术后随访36个月以上,观察比较手术前后国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量（QOL）评分、前列腺容积（PV）、最大尿流率（Qmax）、残余尿（RU）水平变化。观察其中3例肱动脉入路行PAE术患者手术成功率及相关并发症。结果 PAE术远期临床成功8/10例。术后36、48、60个月分别有10例、10例、7例获随访,各时点患者IPSS、QOL评分、PV、Qmax、RU与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,各时点两两比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3例肱动脉入路患者均完成双侧前列腺动脉栓塞,术后症状明显改善2例,缓解1例,未见手术相关并发症发生。结论 PAE治疗BPH远期效果确切。肱动脉入路有助于栓塞双侧前列腺动脉,值得临床探索和应用。     

前列腺动脉栓塞术后下尿路症状改善临床分析

【摘要】 目的 观察前列腺动脉栓塞术（PAE）后下尿路症状（LUTS）变化,分析术后LUTS特征。 方法 回顾性分析2010年11月至2019年10月单中心采用PAE术治疗的77例良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者临床资料。对比PAE术前后患者国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量（QOL）评分、残余尿（PVR）、前列腺体积、梗阻症状评分和刺激症状评分等指标。 结果 PAE术后3个月,77例患者IPSS、QOL评分、PVR、前列腺体积、梗阻症状评分和刺激症状评分均有显著改善（P＜0.05）;梗阻症状评分比值、刺激症状评分比值分别为（19.81±16.47）%、（51.34±27.35）%,梗阻症状评分比值较刺激症状评分比值显著改善（P＜0.05）。随访期间患者未发生尿失禁。 结论 PAE术后患者梗阻症状缓解比刺激症状缓解更明显。术前应充分评估BPH患者梗阻症状和膀胱功能,对梗阻症状不明显或膀胱功能受损患者不建议行PAE术。     

经尿道前列腺腔内剜除术与电切术治疗前列腺增生症的疗效比较

目的:比较经尿道前列腺腔内剜除术(TUEP)与经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生症(BPH)的安全性及疗效。方法:将160例确诊为前列腺增生症患者随机分为2组,每组各80例,分别采用TUEP和TURP,观察两组手术时间、术中出血量,术后并发症等情况,评价两种术式治疗BPH的安全性;观察腺体切除量及术后6个月国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(RUV)比较两种术式治疗BPH的疗效。结果:TUEP组手术时间、术中出血量少于TURP组(P<0.05);腺体切除重量高于TURP组(P0.05)。结论:TUEP术与TURP术比较,手术时间短、术中出血量少、切除腺体更彻底,值得广泛推广和应用。     

经尿道前列腺钬激光剜除术与经尿道前列腺电切术治疗良性前列腺增生的疗效比较

目的 以良性前列腺增生(BPH)为例,研究经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)与经尿道前列腺钬激光剜除术(HoLEP)的应用价值,为临床甄别最优BPH外科治疗方案提供参考。方法 将2019年01月-2021年12月80例确诊BPH的患者病案资料纳入研究,将其中40例接受TURP治疗方案的患者纳入对照组,另外40例接受HoLEP治疗方案的患者纳入实验组。比较两组术中失血量、手术用时、术后尿管留置时间、膀胱冲洗时间、住院时间、生活质量评分(QOL)、膀胱残余尿量(RUV)、术后最大尿流速(Qmax)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、并发症情况(含术后血尿、暂时性排尿困难、膀胱刺激征、尿失禁)差异。结果 实验组术中失血量较之对照组更少,手术用时、术后尿管留置时间、膀胱冲洗时间与住院时间均较之对照组更短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术前QOL评分、RUV、Qmax与IPSS评分比较,均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后30 d时再测,发现实验组QOL评分较之对照组显著更低,RUV与Qmax较之对照组显著更少,IPSS评分较之对照组显著更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.0...     

160W绿激光治疗前列腺增生症临床研究

目的探讨160 W绿激光治疗前列腺增生的临床效果及安全性。方法前列腺增生患者68例,其中31例接受160 W选择性绿激光气化术（PVP）治疗,37例接受80 W PVP术治疗,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后留置导尿管时间、术后住院时间、手术前后国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量（QOL）评分、最大尿流率、残余尿量改善情况;手术前后血红蛋白及电解质变化;以及近期并发症。结果 160 W组的手术时间明显短于80 W组,差异有显著意义（P〈0.05）;两组患者术中出血量、术后置尿管时间及术后住院时间差异无显著意义。两组患者术后IPSS、QOL评分、最大尿流率、残余尿量均明显改善,同术前比较差异有显著意义（P〈0.05）;160 W组与80 W组的残余尿量改善幅度差异有显著意义。所有患者术后电解质及血红蛋白浓度同术前比较差异无显著意义。术后80 W组和160 W组分别有5例和6例患者出现尿道刺激症状。两组患者均未出现电切综合征、尿失禁、尿道狭窄、继发血尿、性功能障碍等并发症。结论 160 W绿激光治疗前列腺增生症具有良好的疗效和安全性,气化效率较80 W绿激光显著提高,可大大缩短手术时间。     

经尿道前列腺电切术与双极等离子切除术治疗前列腺增生疗效比较

目的比较经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）和经尿道双极等离子前列腺切除术（PKRP）治疗前列腺良性增生（BPH）的效果和安全性。方法随机将172例BPH患者分为TULIP组和PKRP组各86例,比较术中术后指标（手术时间、术中出血量、冲洗时间、冲洗量、留管时间、住院时间）,并发症（TURS先兆、术中输血、继发出血、尿道刺激征、短暂尿失禁、短暂排尿困难、尿道狭窄等）发生率,国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）,术后尿流率峰值（Qmax）和生活质量评分（QOL）。结果（1）TURP组出血量、冲洗时间、冲洗量和留管时间大于PKRP组,P〈0．05或P〈0．01;（2）1月内TURP组继发出血、短暂尿失禁和排尿因难发生率高于PKRP组,所有并发症经对症处理恢复正常;（3）术后3个月时两组IP．SS、Qmax、QOL自身术前后比较明显改善,P〈0．01,组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论PKRP与TuRP均是治疗BPH的有效术式。但PKRP术中出血量、围手术期及术后并发症相对少于TURP,安全性高。是治疗BPH较理想的微创术式。     

超选择性动脉栓塞治疗良性前列腺增生的临床观察

目的探讨超选择性前列腺动脉栓塞术(prostatic arterialem bolization,PAE)治疗良性前列腺增生的临床疗效及栓塞微球的大小对临床疗效的影响。方法选取2016年9月～2017年5月诊断为良性前列腺增生的无法行外科手术治疗的21例患者作为观察对象。随机将患者分为A组(栓塞微球直径100～300μm)及B组(栓塞微球直径300～500μm),对比观察分析两组患者术前、术后IPSS、QOL评分情况、病灶体积变化以及术后并发症等情况。结果全部手术成功患者术后IPSS、QOL评分以及病灶体积与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。A、B两组患者对比分析,术后IPSS、QOL评分以及病灶体积,差异不具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。B组患者术后并发症情况明显优于A组。结论PAE治疗前列腺增生安全、有效,栓塞微球大小的选择对患者临床疗效未见明显影响。     

两种良性前列腺增生症手术安全性和疗效的比较

目的比较钬激光前列腺剜除术(HoLEP)与经尿道前列腺气化电切术(TUVP)治疗前列腺增生症(BPH)的疗效与安全性。方法以HoLEP治疗BPH35例,以TUVP治疗BPH79例,通过比较术中出血量、冲洗液吸收量、前列腺切除重量、手术时间和术后膀胱冲洗时间评价2种方法治疗BPH的安全性;通过比较术后3个月最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿(RU)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)评价2种方法治疗BPH的疗效。结果HoLEP治疗组术中出血量、冲洗液吸收量、前列腺切除重量、术后膀胱冲洗时间低于TUVP治疗组,手术时间长于TUVP治疗组,2组比较安全性差异有显著意义;术后3个月2组Qmax、RU、IPSS、QOL较术前均明显改善且差异有显著意义,但2组间比较差异无显著意义(P>0·05)。结论HoLEP术中出血少,冲洗液吸收量少,术后康复快,疗效确切,尤其适用于较大前列腺的治疗,应该作为BPH治疗时的首选。     

半导体激光治疗高龄、高危前列腺增生症：—附70例报告

目的　探讨半导体激光间织内凝固治疗良性前列腺增生症（BPH）的临床应用优势及价值。 方法　应用强生830e组织间插入式半导体激光治疗仪进行激光间织内凝固（ILC）治疗高龄、高危BPH患者70例,大多数患者伴有1～2种慢性疾病,例如冠心病、慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、慢性肾功能不全、糖尿病、脑出血、脑梗死后遗症等。随访6～12个月,分别于术前、术后1、2、3与6个月进行国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）和生活质量评分（QOL）,并测定最大尿流率（Qmax）和残余尿量以评价其疗效。 结果　治疗后6个月,IPSS达6.2±2.2,QOL为2.0±0.2,Qmax和残余尿量分别为17.2ml/s±2.1ml/s和10.2ml±2.4ml,与术前比较上述各项指示有明显改善,疗效显著(P＜0.001)。 结论　半导体激光治疗BPH具有损伤小、安全性高和并发症少等优点,术后2～3个月以后有效率可达100%,是目前治疗BPH中较有前途的方法之一。     

动脉栓塞治疗前列腺增生临床疗效评价

目的评价动脉栓塞治疗前列腺增生（BPH）的临床疗效。方法对47例经前列腺供血动脉栓塞治疗的病例,随访7d～2年。比较手术前后国际症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOL）、最大尿流率（Qmax）和剩余尿（RU）的变化。应用经直肠彩色多普勒超声检测前列腺内血流信号、最大血流速度改变 B超或CT观察前列腺体积变化。结果患者手术前IPSS、QOL、Qmax、RU平均值分别为24.2分、4.8分、9.6ml/s和184ml,术后分别为4.8分、1.3分、18.9ml/s和0～3ml。彩色多普勒超声显示前列腺内血流信号明显减弱,最大血流速度由术前（21.52&#177;8.83）cm/s降至术后（7.4&#177;3.27）cm/s,B超或CT检查显示前列腺体积从平均117cm^3缩小到68cm^3,缩小率为41.8%,显效率为89%。结论动脉栓塞治疗BPH疗效显著,可作为该病治疗的又一新方法。     

前列腺汽化术的护理

我科自1997-08～2000-06对130例前列腺增生症患者进行了前列腺汽化术(IUVP)治疗,效果满意。现将护理体会报告如下。1 临床资料1.1 一般资料 本组病人130例,年龄56～86岁,平均69岁。病人均有明显排尿不畅,直肠B超检查,前列腺体积为15.8～81.7ml,平均为48.3ml;IPSS评分4～10分,平均为6.2分;术前最大尿流率为9ml/s,平均为6.3ml/s。56例病人术前尿潴留,21     

Update on prostatic ultrasound

Although there is good evidence that carcinomas of the prostate are usually seen as echopenic masses within the external zone of the prostate, it is unclear how often an echopenic mass has an origin other than carcinoma of the prostate. Technical problems at the periphery of the gland not uncommonly create echopenic areas on an artifactual basis. Whether ultrasound will prove to be a satisfactory screening method for the detection of carcinoma of the prostate is yet to be decided. Prospective studies are in progress, but it has not yet been established whether prostate screening is a worthwhile procedure. The best possible equipment is required to detect these subtle lesions; cheap equipment will probably not give adequate results.     

MR characteristics of prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia at 1.5 T

Sixty-one patients with histologically proven disorders of the prostate [prostatic carcinoma (PC), 41; benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 9; PC and BPH, 11] underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T. Using single [spin echo (SE) 400/30] and dual (SE 1,600/30, 90) SE sequences, multislice contiguous scans were obtained in transverse, sagittal, and coronal planes through the prostate. In 27 patients (PC 14, BPH 6, PC and BPH 7) multiecho sequences with eight echoes (SE 1,600/30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240) were acquired and T2 images were calculated in the planes with best depiction of circumscribed prostatic pathology. In these patients the Bhattacharyya coefficient, a quantitative criterion for the discrimination between normal and pathological tissue, derived by means of mathematical decision theory, was applied. This analysis showed the best discrimination between PC and normal prostate with echo time (TE) 90 and 120 ms [error rate (ER) for confusing these tissues 20-30%]. There was no significant difference between the signal intensities of PC and BPH at any parameter setting, but PC could be discriminated from the compressed peripheral glandular regions that often accompany BPH [minimal ER (20-30%) at TE 90 and 120 ms]. This distinction is of clinical value, since PC usually arises in the periphery of the prostate. Calculated T2 images did not show advantages for the detection of PC.     

Update on prostatic ultrasound

Although there is good evidence that carcinomas of the prostate are usually seen as echopenic masses within the external zone of the prostate, it is unclear how often an echopenic mass has an origin other than carcinoma of the prostate. Technical problems at the periphery of the gland not uncommonly create echopenic areas on an artifactual basis. Whether ultrasound will prove to be a satisfactory screening method for the detection of carcinoma of the prostate is yet to be decided. Prospective studies are in progress, but it has not yet been established whether prostate screening is a worthwhile procedure. The best possible equipment is required to detect these subtle lesions; cheap equipment will probably not give adequate results.     

前列腺栓塞术治疗良性前列腺增生的临床应用进展

常规的药物与手术治疗对于良性前列腺增生均有其局限性。前列腺动脉栓塞术是近年来新兴的缓解前列腺增生引起的下尿路症状的新技术。作者综合分析国内外前列腺栓塞术的相关文献及专家观点,并提出想法,为良性前列腺增生的治疗提供其他可供选择的安全、有效治疗途径。     

Computed tomography of prostatic abscess

Although the CT appearance of prostatitis and prostatic carcinoma have been described, there are no reports of the CT diagnosis of prostatic abscess, an unusual complication of prostatic infection. The appearance of low attenuating, round, well demarcated regions within one or more lobes of the prostate gland by CT is suggestive of prostatic abscess.     

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma: correlation with angiogenesis

AIM: To investigate the diagnostic and differential diagnostic values of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) in prostatic diseases, and to investigate the correlation between the parameters of SI-T curves and angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients with proven prostatic carcinoma (Pca) and 29 patients with proven benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were examined using DCE MRI. Diagnostic characteristics for differentiation were examined using threshold values for maximum peak time, enhancement degree, and enhancement rate. Then, the signal intensity-time curves (SI-T curves) were analysed, and the correlations between the parameters of SI-T curves and the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvascular density (MVD) were investigated. All patents underwent prostatectomy. DCE MRI and histological findings were correlated. RESULTS: Pca showed stronger enhancement with an earlier peak time, higher enhancement, and enhancement rate (p<0.05). Regarding the type of SI-T curves, in the BPH group six were type A, 10 were type B, and 13 were type C, whereas in the Pca group, 14 were type A, six were type B, and only one was type C (Chi-square test, chi2=13.57, P<0.005). The VEGF and MVD expression levels of Pca were higher than those of BPH. Peak time was negatively correlated with the expression levels of VEGF and MVD, whereas the enhancement degree and enhancement rate showed positive correlations (Pearson correlation, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on T2-weighted imaging, DCE MRI curves can help to differentiate benign from malignant prostate tissue. In the present study the type C curve was rarely seen with malignant disease, but these results need confirmation.     

Multiple prostatic biopsies in the "gray zone" of the specific prostatic antigen

PURPOSE: Aim of our study was to identify cases of undetected prostatic cancer in patients with normal findings at digital examination and transrectal US, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) values ranging 4-10 ng/mL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and ninety patients were submitted to transrectal US and random bilateral prostatic biopsy; 3 samples were collected from each side of the gland using 16-Gauge thru-cut needles. Of the 290 patients who gave fully informed consent, we selected 34 whose age ranged 56 to 76 years (mean: 64). Inclusion criteria were PSA 4-10 ng/mL, PSAD cut-off 0.15, free/total PSA ratio 15-25%, and normal findings at digital examination and transrectal US. PSA velocity was calculated collecting 3 blood samples every 30 days for 2 months. RESULTS: Five of the 34 selected patients (15%) had prostatic cancer, and 2 (6%) Pin (1 Pin 1 and 1 Pin 2). As for the other 27 patients, biopsy demonstrated 4 (12%) cases of prostatitis and 23 (62%) cases of BPH. PSA values increased in all patients with positive histology, versus only 6 (22%) of those with negative histology. PSAD was 0.15 or greater in 3 of 7 prostatic cancer patients. Free/total PSA ratio never exceeded the cut-off value. Gleason score ranged 2 to 4. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that prostatic biopsy can detect tumors also in areas which appear normal at transrectal US and digital examination, and that PSA rate increases in patients with positive histology. Finally, the actual clinical role of prostatic biopsy relative to all other diagnostic imaging techniques remains to be defined.