乳腺浸润性小叶癌与浸润性导管癌生物学特性比较

乳腺浸润性小叶癌(invasive lobular carcinoma ILC)与浸润性导管癌(invasive ductal carcinoma IDC)为乳腺癌中两种常见的病理类型,病理形态学有各自的特点。本文对ILC和IDC生物学特性进行比较。1资料和方法ILC及IDC共523例,均为女性。其中ILC有173例,IDC为350例,年龄20~80岁,     

乳腺浸润性小叶癌与浸润性导管癌的临床和超声特征对比

通过对比分析浸润性小叶癌和浸润性导管癌的临床特点和超声表现，分析两者的异同，提高浸润性小叶癌的超声诊断的准确率。回顾性分析2016年12月—2021年12月在山东大学第二医院术前行超声检查并经术后病理证实为浸润性小叶癌的70个结节和浸润性导管癌的731个结节，通过单因素及多因素分析，评估两组间的异同，明确各超声征象的诊断价值。两组在年龄、绝经状态、厚径、长/厚、病变类型、触诊、导管异常、形态及边缘表现等方面差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。将上述因素作为自变量纳入多因素Logistic回归模型，结果显示，模型具有统计学意义（χ2=7.383,P<0.001,R2=0.082）。年龄较小者（OR=1.025）、长/厚较大者倾向于浸润性小叶癌（OR=0.619）。尽管多种临床和超声表现在诊断浸润性小叶癌时可以起到一定的作用，但病例年龄和病灶长/厚比值在单因素和多因素中都有重要意义，对浸润性小叶癌和导管癌的鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

乳腺管状腺癌与浸润性导管癌临床病理特征和预后比较

目的 比较乳腺管状腺癌(tubular carcinoma,TC)与浸润性导管癌(invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)的临床病理特征和预后.方法 回顾性分析1996-2009年乳腺癌手术治疗分期为Ⅰ/Ⅱ的41例TC患者和分期为Ⅰ/Ⅱ的2 568例IDC患者的临床资料,比较两者的临床病理特征和预后.结果 与IDC相比较,TC更容易用铝靶x线检测出(71% vs.22.9%,P<0.05),肿物较小,很少有淋巴结浸润(8.6% vs.22.9%,P<0.05).TC和IDC的复发率分别为7.9%和25.7%(P<0.05),TC的无病生存期显著高于IDC(P<0.05).结论 TC有着较好的临床病理特征和预后.此外,TC患者与正常人的预期寿命相似,所以辅助性化疗可能不适于作为TC的常规治疗.     

乳腺导管原位癌、微浸润癌及浸润性癌临床病理指标表达差异分析

目的：比较乳腺导管原位癌（DCIS）、导管原位癌伴微浸润（DCIS-MI）及浸润性乳腺癌（IDC）临床病理及免疫组化特征。方法回顾性分析2008至2013年的214例乳腺癌患者的临床病理资料,其中DCIS 66例,DCIS-MI 48例,IDC 100例。根据免疫组化结果分为4组：Luminal-A [ER（＋）和／或 PR（＋）,HER2（－）],Luminal-B [ER（＋）和／或 PR（＋）,HER2（＋）],HER2（＋）型[ER（－）,PR（－）,HER2（＋）],和三阴型[ER（－）,PR（－）,HER2（－）]。结果从DCIS、DCIS-MI到IDC,肿瘤大小逐渐增加（P＜0．001）。IDC腋窝淋巴结阳性率高于DCIS和DCIS-MI（P＜0．001）。ER、PR、HER2阳性表达在纯DCIS、DCIS-MI与IDC之间的表达显著差异,P值均小于0．05。随着浸润的发展,Luminal-like 型比例下降,而HER2＋型和三阴型的比例增加（P＝0．016）。Ki-67指数分别为DCIS（10．4±12．9）％,DCIS-MI（13．9±16．3）％,IDC（43．9±26．4）％（P＜0．001）。结论在DCIS、DCIS-MI、IDC中不同亚型的分布以及各自的临床病理特点表明它们之间存在很大不同。     

细胞周期蛋白D1的表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌的临床病理相关性

细胞周期蛋白(cyclin)是细胞有丝分裂过程中的一组重要蛋白，是细胞周期调节因子之一，通过相应的周期素依赖性激酶(cyclin—dependent kinase，CDK)及其抑制因子(cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor．CKI)对细胞周期中G1／S期起重要调控作用。正常细胞中cyclin的合成和降解受到高度有序的调节，但乳腺癌细胞中却往往有异位表达。本研究应     

乳腺肿块型浸润性导管癌MRI动态增强扫描征象与WHO病理分级的关系

目的探讨乳腺肿块型浸润性导管癌的MRI动态增强扫描（DcEMRI）征象与其WHO病理分级的关系。方法回顾性分析四川大学华西医院2012年6月至2013年12月期间92例经手术或活检病理证实为肿块型浸润性导管癌的DCEMRI征象,并分析其与WHO病理分级的关系。结果92例乳腺肿块型浸润性导管癌患者中肿瘤长径≤2cm者29例（31．52％）,2～5cm者53例（57．61％）,≥5cm者10例（10．87％）;病灶形态为圆形者3例（3．26％）,卵圆形者7例（7．61％）,分叶形者33例（35．87％）,不规则形者49例（53．26％）。病灶边缘光整者11例（11．96％）,不规则者47例（51．09％）,毛刺状者34例（36．96％）。病灶早期均匀强化者15例（16．30％）,不均匀强化者40例（43．48％）,环形强化者37例（40．22％）。WHO病理分级：1级者5例（5．43％）,2级者30例（32．61％）,3级者57例（61．96％）。经统计分析,肿瘤大小、病灶形态及病灶早期强化特点与WHO病理分级有关（P=0．012,P=0．004,P=0．000）,即病灶长径越大,WHO病理分级越高;圆形和卵圆形肿块的WHO病理分级相对较低,分叶状和不规则形肿块的WHO病理分级高;不均匀强化及环状强化的WHO病理分级高,均匀强化的WHO病理分级较低。病灶边缘形态与WHO病理分级无关（P〉0．05）。结论乳腺肿块型浸润性导管癌DCEMRI特征与WHO分级有一定关系,可根据MRI征象对病灶的生物学行为和预后进行评估。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌5种分子亚型临床及超声特征

目的：分析5种分子亚型乳腺浸润性导管癌（IDC）的临床及超声特征。方法：收集2016年6月—2021年6月山东大学第二医院收治并最终手术确诊为乳腺IDC的患者,术前临床及超声资料完整,回顾性分析不同分子亚型IDC的临床及超声图像特点。结果：在IDC的5种分子亚型之间,年龄、病史、导管异常、纵横比、后方回声、病灶多发性、钙化、超声误诊及病灶长径、厚径、横径和体积之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,余临床及超声特点差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：临床及超声征象对不同分子亚型IDC有一定的诊断价值,可以为乳腺癌患者治疗方案及预后提供一定的依据。     

AJCC第8版乳腺癌分期系统对乳腺浸润性小叶癌分期评价及临床病理分析

目的 研究AJCC第8版乳腺癌分期系统对乳腺浸润性小叶癌分期评价的临床意义及其临床病理特征分析.方法 参照AJCC第8版乳腺癌分期标准,重新对2011-2016年北京大学深圳医院乳腺外科治疗的浸润性小叶癌患者进行解剖学分期及预后分期评价,并与其他类型浸润性癌的临床病理资料进行分析.结果 共收治乳腺浸润性小叶癌21例,占全部浸润性乳腺癌的2.7％,研究发现浸润性小叶癌与其他类型浸润性乳腺癌相比,年龄分布、月经状况、分子分型特征及解剖学分期与预后分期差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而组织学分级差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).浸润性小叶癌解剖学分期与预后分期评价存在差异.结论 AJCC第8版乳腺癌分期系统中的预后分期为乳腺癌的临床治疗方案的制订提供了新的参考依据,但需参考解剖学分期共同评价.浸润性小叶癌与其他类型浸润性癌相比,组织学分级低,预后分期佳,但要对浸润性小叶癌进行精准的个体化治疗还需要更大样本更完善的研究.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌的MRI诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)对乳腺浸润性导管癌的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析了2012年1月至2012年6月期间在四川大学华西医院放射科行MRI检查,且术后经病理学检查证实为乳腺浸润性导管癌的75例患者的术前MRI检查资料。结果形态学分型:团块型54例,结节型21例,囊实混合型0例。肿块形状:圆形3例,卵圆形9例,不规则形63例。边缘:不规则66例,规则9例;呈微小分叶状56例。肿块内有钙化者1例。有淋巴结转移者18例。MRI的T1WI呈低信号(65例)或等信号(10例),T2WI呈低信号(3例)或以稍高信号为主的混杂信号(72例),增强后大部分呈均匀强化(64例),部分呈不均匀强化(11例)。结论通过分析乳腺浸润性导管癌的MRI成像特征,可为临床诊断乳腺浸润性导管癌提供有力的影像学证据。     

基于SEER数据库乳腺浸润性筛状癌临床病理特征及预后因素分析

目的探讨乳腺浸润性筛状癌的临床病理特征、预后及相关影响因素。方法选择2010—2016年美国国立癌症研究监测、流行病学和最终结局(SEER)数据库中诊断为乳腺浸润性筛状癌的388例病例资料,回顾性分析其临床病理特征与生存情况,及其预后影响因素。结果在388例病人中,287例(74.0%)为T1期,321例(82.7%)为N0期,374例(96.4%)接受手术治疗,204例(52.6%)接受放疗,85例(21.9%)接受化疗。病人3、5年总体生存率分别为94.4%、88.4%。单因素分析显示,年龄、婚姻状态、T分期、M分期、手术、放疗是影响乳腺浸润性筛状癌病人生存预后的相关因素(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,年龄、T分期、M分期、放疗是影响乳腺浸润性筛状癌病人预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论影响浸润性筛状癌病人预后的独立危险因素包括年龄、T分期、M分期。放疗对浸润性筛状癌病人的生存率是否有益仍需对浸润性筛状癌进一步深入研究。     

Outcomes of breast-conservation therapy for invasive lobular carcinoma are equivalent to those for invasive ductal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Breast-conservation therapy (BCT), including wide local excision and postoperative irradiation, is considered standard treatment for early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The use of BCT in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has been questioned because of concerns regarding ipsilateral breast recurrence and risk of bilateral breast cancer. We evaluated our institutional experience with BCT and compared treatment outcomes for ILC with those for IDC. METHODS: A review of our BCT database revealed 84 patients with ILC and 1,126 with IDC with stage I or II disease treated with BCT and radiation between 1976 and 1999. We evaluated local-regional recurrence, disease-specific survival, and contralateral breast cancer rates in both groups. RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year local-regional recurrence rates for the ILC group were 1% and 7%, respectively, and 4% and 9%, respectively, for the IDC group (P = .70). There were no significant differences in the 5- and 10-year disease-specific survival rates between the groups. Contralateral breast cancer occurred in 11.3% of patients with IDC and 11.9% of patients with ILC. CONCLUSIONS: BCT achieves similar local-regional control and survival outcomes in selected patients with ILC or IDC. Breast-conservation therapy is an appropriate treatment strategy for patients with early-stage invasive lobular carcinoma.     

Invasive ductal breast carcinoma with predominant intraductal component: Clinicopathological features and prognosis

PurposeInvasive ductal carcinoma with predominant intraductal component (IDCPIC) represents almost 5% of breast cancers. Nevertheless few data exist concerning their characteristics and prognostic behaviour. Our objective was to describe IDCPIC's clinicopathological and prognostic features and compare them to that of invasive ductal carcinoma without predominant intraductal component (IDC).MethodsRetrospective single centre study including all the localized invasive ductal carcinoma listed in our institutional database. Clinical, radiological and pathological criteria were collected as well as disease-free survival (DFS) data.ResultsFrom 1995 to 2008, 4109 invasive ductal breast cancers treated were included. Out of them 192 (4.7%) were IDCPIC. Most of IDCPIC (63%) were discovered by radiological screening whereas IDC suspicion was more often clinical (82.7% vs 49.5%, p < 0.001). Pathological lymph node involvement was less frequent in IDCPIC (35.8 vs 44.3%, p = 0.04). Invasive tumour median size was 2-fold smaller in IDCPIC (10 mm vs 20 mm, p<0.001). Hormone receptors expression was similar between both groups whereas HER2 overexpression was more frequent in IDCPIC (32% vs 14.3%, p<0.001). Mastectomy was more frequently performed for IDCPIC (67.7% vs 30.3%, p < 0.001) whereas chemotherapy and radiation therapy were less frequent (55.5% vs 68%, and 82.8% vs 95.5%, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). After matching for discriminant clinicopathological features (tumour size, lymph node involvement, vascular invasion, HER2), DFS was similar in both groups (5-year DFS of 87.4% vs 84.4%, p = 0.47).ConclusionIDCPIC and other IDC with invasive components showing similar clinicopathological features display a similar prognosis.     

Tumor characteristics and patient outcomes are similar between invasive lobular and mixed invasive ductal/lobular breast cancers but differ from pure invasive ductal breast cancers

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics associated with invasive lobular cancer (ILC) and mixed invasive ductal cancer (IDC) and ILC compared with IDC.

Methods

From 1996 to 2006, 4,336 patients with IDC, ILC, and mixed breast cancers were identified. Clinical variables were compared using χ² and Fisher's exact tests. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed.

Results

Patients included 3,595 (83%) with IDC, 480 (11%) with ILC, and 261 (6%) with mixed cancers. Patients with ILC and mixed cancers were more likely to have low-grade and estrogen-positive and progesterone-positive tumors but were diagnosed at higher stages of disease compared with patients with IDC (P < .05 for each). Patients with IDC had the poorest 5-year (80%) and 10-year (61%) survival compared with patients with ILC (87% and 68%) and mixed (84% and 69%) cancers (P = .029).

Conclusions

Although patients with ILC and “mixed” cancers are diagnosed with more advanced disease, their survival is superior to patients with IDC.     

Adequacy of diagnostic tests and surgical management of symptomatic invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast

Introduction

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges as it produces subtle radiological changes. It has been suggested that it is not suitable for breast conserving surgery (BCS). The aim of this study was to ascertain the diagnostic adequacy of modern mammography and ultrasonography in the context of a fast track symptomatic diagnostic clinic in the UK. It also sought to compare the mastectomy, re-excision and BCS rates for ILC with those for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was carried out on all new symptomatic cancers presenting to the one-stop diagnostic clinic of a single breast unit between 1998 and 2007.

Results

Compared with IDC, ILC was significantly larger at presentation (46mm vs 25mm), needed re-excision after BCS more often (38.8% vs 22.3%) and required mastectomy more frequently (58.8% vs 40.8%). Although mammography performs poorly in diagnosing ILC compared with IDC, when combined with ultrasonography, sensitivity of the combined imaging was not significantly different between these two histological types.

Conclusions

Provided ultrasonography is performed, standard radiological imaging is adequate for initial diagnosis of symptomatically presenting ILC but some additional preoperative workup should clearly be employed to reduce the higher number of reoperations for this histological type.     

Case report and literature review: Metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast an unusual presentation

Introduction

Invasive lobular carcinoma is the second most common type of invasive breast carcinoma (between 5% and 15%). The incidence of invasive lobular carcinoma has been increasing while the incidence of invasive duct carcinoma has not changed in the last two decades. This increase is postulated to be secondary to an increased use of combined replacement hormonal therapy. Patients with invasive lobular carcinoma tend to be slightly older than those with non-lobular invasive carcinoma with a reported mean age of 57 years compared to 64 years. On mammography, architectural distortion is more common and microcalcifications less common with invasive lobular carcinoma than invasive ductal carcinoma. The incidence of extrahepatic gastrointestinal (GI) tract metastases observed in autopsy studies varies in the literature from 6% to 18% with the most commonly affected organ being the stomach, followed by colon and rectum. Gastric lesions seem to be slightly more frequent, compared to colorectal lesions (6–18% compared to 8–12%, respectively).

Presentation of case

We present the case of a 70-year-old woman who was referred to our institution with a concurrent gastric and rectal cancer that on further evaluation was diagnosed as metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. She has a stage IV clinical T3N1M1 left breast invasive lobular carcinoma (ER positive at 250, PR negative, HER-2/neu 1+ negative) with biopsy proven metastases to left axillary lymph nodes, gastric mucosa, peritoneum, rectal mass, and bone who presented with a partial large bowel obstruction. She is currently being treated with weekly intravenous paclitaxel, bevacizumab that was added after her third cycle, and she is also receiving monthly zoledronic acid. She is currently undergoing her 12-month of treatment and is tolerating it well.Discussion Breast cancer is the most common site-specific cancer in women and is the leading cause of death from cancer for women aged 20–59 years. It accounts for 26% of all newly diagnosed cancers in females and is responsible for 15% of the cancer-related deaths in women.⁹ Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that metastasize to the GI tract, along with melanoma, ovarian and bladder cancer.

Conclusion

We present one of the first reports of metastatic lobular breast cancer presenting as a synchronous rectal and gastric tumors. Metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast is a rare entity with a wide range of clinical presentations. A high level of suspicion, repetition of endoscopic procedures, and a detailed pathological analysis is necessary for early diagnosis, which might help to avoid surgical treatment due to incorrect diagnosis. Patients with a history of breast cancer who present with new gastrointestinal lesions should have these lesions evaluated for evidence of metastasis through histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical analysis. Differentiating between a primary GI lesion and metastatic breast cancer will allow initiation of appropriate treatment and help prevent unnecessary operations.     

Invasive lobular carcinoma in a breast hamartoma

Hamartomas are uncommon benign breast neoplasms. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of invasive lobular carcinoma arising in a breast hamartoma. This case illustrates the importance of careful interpretation of the clinical and mammographic findings. A more aggressive approach toward the management of breast hamartomas is not justified when clinical and mammographic findings are consistent with classic hamartomas.     

Intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast

Background

In breast cancer treatment, sentinel lymph node (SLN) evaluation is used to identify patients who may benefit from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Intraoperative evaluation (IE) of SLNs facilitates immediate ALND. Controversy exists regarding the accuracy of intraoperative SLN evaluation for patients with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

Methods

Using breast cancer registry data from January 2003 to March 2008, the intraoperative SLN evaluation of 66 ILC and 810 IDC patients was compared to the final SLN pathology result and to the performance of ALND.

Results

In ILC, the sensitivities of IE for isolated tumor cells (≤.2 mm, N0[i+], n = 9), micrometastases (>.2 mm and ≤ 2.0 mm, N1mi, n = 6), and macrometastases (>2.0 mm, N1a-3a, n = 21) were 0%, 17%, and 71%, respectively. The specificity was 100%. IE identified 16/27 (59%) of SLN-positive (N1mi, N1a-3a) axillae, resulting in synchronous ALND. Delayed ALND for false negative IEs (11/27, 41%) occurred in 7/11 patients (64%). In IDC, the sensitivities of IE for N0(i+) (n = 60), N1mi (n = 75), and N1a-3a (n = 129) metastases were 0%, 7%, and 71%, respectively. The specificity was 99.6%. IE identified 97/204 (48%) of SLN-positive (N1mi, N1a-3a) axillae, resulting in synchronous ALND. Delayed ALND for false negative IEs (107/204, 52%) occurred in 38/107 patients (36%).

Conclusions

Sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative SLN evaluation is very similar in ILC and IDC patients. Intraoperative SLN evaluation facilitated synchronous ALND in concordance with recommended practice guidelines.     

乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌与浸润性导管癌的临床病理对照研究

目的 探讨浸润性微乳头状癌(invasive micropapillary carcinoma,IMPC)和浸润性导管癌(invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)的差异,分析乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌的临床病理及免疫组化特点.方法 回顾性分析2004年10月至2007年11月51例浸润性微乳头状癌患者临床病理资料.选取同期临床病理资料完整的102例浸润性导管癌患者做对照.结果 浸润性微乳头状癌和浸润性导管癌的乳头侵犯、淋巴管侵犯、淋巴结转移率、淋巴结转移水平、软组织侵犯、雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progestin receptor,PR)、三阴(ER,PR,HER2均为阴性)表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).而闭经状态、发病侧别、淋巴结转移个数、人类表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER2)表达及局部复发和远处器官转移差异无统计学意义.浸润性微乳头状癌组中位随访时间46个月(16～ 75个月),3年生存率和无病生存率分别为90.2％和84.3％.结论 浸润性微乳头状癌是一种呈现侵袭性生长方式的少见乳腺癌类型,具有嗜淋巴特性和易发结外软组织侵犯的特点.乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌高表达激素受体,三阴乳腺癌比例较少.     

Tumor characteristics predictive of sentinel node metastases in 105 consecutive patients with invasive lobular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Identification of nodal metastases in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is difficult. Sentinel node (SN) biopsy offers a potential advantage. This study reports the feasibility of SN identification and predictors of SN metastases for ILC. METHODS: All cases of ILC undergoing sentinel lymphadenectomy between October 1991 and May 2001 were evaluated. Patients enrolled in ACOSOG Z0010/Z0011 were excluded. Presentation, surgical treatment, tumor characteristics, and prognostic factors were analyzed for statistical significance. RESULTS: SN mapping was performed in 105 patients with 106 cases of ILC. SN identification was 97%, accuracy 100%, and positivity 50% with 45% macrometastases, 16% micrometastases, and 39% immunometastases. There are no axillary recurrences at 43.73 months. Palpable tumor, increasing tumor size, and angiolymphatic invasion are statistically significant for SN-positive status. CONCLUSIONS: SN staging for ILC is feasible and accurate. Receptor status and proliferative indices are not useful markers for metastases. However, large tumor size and presence of angiolymphatic invasion are positive predictors.