Effect of minimally invasive percutaneous plates versus interlocking intramedullary nailing in tibial shaft treatment for fractures in adults: A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this article was to determine the effects of minimally invasive percutaneous plates versus interlocking intramedullary nailing in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures in adults.

METHOD:

Literature searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, the Chinese Biomedical Literature database, the CNKI database, Wanfang Data, and the Weipu Journal database were performed up to August 2013. Only randomized and quasi-randomized controlled clinical trials comparing the use of percutaneous plates and interlocking intramedullary nails for tibial shaft fractures were included. Data collection and extraction, quality assessment, and data analyses were performed according to the Cochrane standards.

RESULTS:

Eleven trials were included. Compared with interlocking intramedullary nailing, minimally invasive percutaneous plates shortened fracture healing time and resulted in lower rates of postoperative delayed union and pain. There was no significant difference between the two methods with regard to the rates of excellent and good Johner-Wruh scoring, the rate of reoperation, and other complications.

CONCLUSIONS:

Overall, insufficient evidence exists regarding the effects of minimally invasive percutaneous plates versus interlocking intramedullary nailing in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures in adults. Low-quality evidence suggests that minimally invasive percutaneous plates could shorten fracture healing time, decrease the rate of postoperative delayed union, and decrease pain levels compared with interlocking intramedullary nailing. There is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of functional recovery scores, reoperation, and other complications. Further research that includes high-quality randomized controlled, multicenter trials is required to compare the effects of minimally invasive percutaneous plates versus interlocking intramedullary nailing in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures in adults.     

Anterograde Removal of Broken Femoral Nails without Opening the Nonunion Site: A New Technique

OBJECTIVE:

We describe a new technique for removing the distal fragments of broken intramedullary femoral nails without disturbing the nonunion site.

METHODS:

This technique involves the application of an AO distractor prior to the removal of the nail fragments, with subsequent removal of the proximal nail fragment in an anterograde fashion and removal of the distal fragment through a medial parapatellar approach. Impaction of the fracture site is then performed with a nail that is broader than the remaining fragmented material.

RESULTS:

Nails were removed from five patients using the technique described above without any complications. After a mean follow-up period of 61.8 months, none of these patients showed worsened knee osteoarthritis.

CONCLUSION:

The original technique described in this article allows surgeons to remove the distal fragment of fractured femoral intramedullary nails without opening the nonunion focus or using special surgical instruments.     

Presence of a Nail in the Medullary Canal; Is It Enough to Prevent Femoral Neck Shortening in Trochanteric Fracture?

Purpose

Presence of a cephalomedullary nail (CMN) in the medullary canal has been thought as advantageous in the control of femoral neck shortening (FNS) and lag screw sliding in trochanteric fracture compared to extramedullary fixation system. However, researches on the factors that influence the degree of FNS after cephalomedullary nailing are lacking.

Materials and Methods

We observed 95 patients (mean age, 75±2.8 years) with trochanteric fractures who were treated with a CMN, and evaluated the relationship between FNS and patient factors including age, gender, fracture type (AO/OTA), bone mineral density, medullary canal diameter, canal occupancy ratio (COR=nail size/canal diameter), and tip-apex distance using initial, immediate postoperative, and follow-up radiography.

Results

Univariate regression analyses revealed that the degree of FNS was significantly correlated with fracture type (A1 versus A3, p<0.001), medullary canal diameter (p<0.001), and COR (p<0.001). Multiple regression analyses revealed that FNS was strongly correlated with fracture type (p<0.001) and COR (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Presence of a CMN in the medullary canal could not effectively prevent FNS in patients with low COR and in A3 type fracture.     

Treatment of Medial Epicondyle Fracture without Associated Elbow Dislocation in Older Children and Adolescents

Purpose

Displaced medial humeral epicondyle fractures with or without elbow dislocation have been treated with open reduction and fixation using K-wires or screws. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of surgical treatments of medial humeral epicondyle fracture without elbow dislocation according to the fixation methods.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-one patients who had undergone open reduction and fixation of the displaced medial humeral epicondyle fracture without elbow dislocation were included. Group I consisted of 21 patients who underwent fixation with K-wires, and Group II comprised 10 patients who underwent fixation with cannulated screws. Immediate postoperative, final follow-up and normal anteroposterior radiographs were compared and the clinical outcome was assessed using the final Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) elbow assessment score.

Results

On the immediate postoperative radiographs, the distal humeral width in Group II was larger than that in Group I. On the final follow-up radiographs, the epicondylar position in Group I was lower than that in Group II. There was no significant difference in the distal humeral width, epicondylar position and joint space tilt between the immediate postoperative, final follow-up radiographs and the normal side within each group. There was no significant difference in the final JOA score between groups.

Conclusion

Open reduction followed by K-wire fixation or screw fixation of the displaced medial humeral epicondyle fracture without elbow dislocation in older children and adolescents resulted in improved radiologic outcome and good elbow function in spite of diverse radiologic deformities.     

可膨胀髓内钉与交锁髓内钉修复股骨干骨折的Meta分析

文题释义： 可膨胀髓内钉：该髓内钉的主体部分由合金柱状薄管和4根径向辐条组成,其远端呈圆锥形,近端带内螺纹口,内设单项阀门,通过压力泵向钉体内压注生理盐水使髓内钉顺应髓腔的形状膨胀。 交锁髓内钉：它由髓内钉和交锁钉所构成,在其主干的不同方向上可有钻孔,钻孔的直径小于髓内钉的直径,钻孔内可安装不同直径的交锁钉,其具有足够的抗压、抗弯、抗拉强度,应用于骨折术或矫形术中可加快骨折愈合。 背景：大量研究证实可膨胀髓内钉和交锁髓内钉修复四肢骨折方面具有良好的疗效,但2种固定方式治疗股骨干骨折的的优劣尚不明确。 目的：系统评价可膨胀髓内钉与交锁髓内钉修复股骨干骨折的安全性及有效性。 方法：应用计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、The Cochrane Library、CNKI、VIP、WANFANG Data数据库,查找可膨胀髓内钉与交锁髓内钉修复股骨干骨折的临床对照试验。按严格纳入标准筛选文献,并对最终纳入文献进行研究质量评估,提取数据资料,采用Stata13.0软件进行Meta分析。 结果与结论：①最终纳入7篇文献,其中3篇为随机对照研究,4篇为非随机对照研究,共计492例患者,可膨胀髓内钉组、交锁髓内钉组各246例;②Meta分析结果显示,可膨胀髓内钉组的骨折愈合时间、手术时间、透视时间、住院时间短于交锁髓内钉组[SMD=-0.87,95%CI(-1.20,-0.54),P=0;SMD=-2.45,95%CI(-3.33,-1.58),P=0;SMD=-2.83,95%CI(-3.68,-1.97),P=0;SMD=-0.96,95%CI(-1.73,-0.18),P=0.016],术中出血量少于交锁髓内钉组[SMD=-4.12,95%CI(-6.38,-1.87),P=0],在骨不连或延迟愈合率、总体并发症发生率方面无足够数据证实两组间有显著差异;③结果表明,运用可膨胀髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的手术实施过程较交锁髓内钉更具优势,而对于术后恢复情况两者相当。限于该研究方法学质量影响,未能考虑骨折类型和扩髓等干扰因素,结果还需谨慎对待,尚需要更多大样本、多中心随机对照试验进一步证实。 ORCID: 000-0002-6736-3485(王维) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

Osteochondral avulsion fracture of the anterior cruciate ligament femoral origin in a 10-year-old child: a case report

Objective:

To describe the case of a 10-year-old football player who sustained a comminuted osteochondral avulsion fracture of the femoral origin of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) via a low-energy mechanism.

Background:

In children, both purely cartilaginous and osteochondral avulsion fractures have been described; most such ACL avulsions are from the tibial eminence. In the few previous case reports describing femoral osteochondral avulsion fractures, high-energy injury mechanisms were typically responsible and resulted in a single fracture fragment.

Differential Diagnosis:

Femoral osteochondral avulsion fracture at the ACL origin, femoral cartilaginous avulsion fracture at the ACL origin, midsubstance ACL tear, meniscal tear.

Treatment:

Sutures and a button were used to repair the comminuted fragments. Postoperatively, a modified ACL reconstruction rehabilitation program was instituted.

Uniqueness:

Most injuries of this nature in youngsters are caused by a high-energy mechanism of injury, result in an osteochondral avulsion fracture of the tibial eminence, and involve a single fracture fragment.

Conclusions:

Although they occur infrequently, ACL femoral avulsion fractures in children can result from a low-energy injury mechanism. Identifying the mechanism of injury, performing a thorough physical examination, and obtaining appropriate diagnostic studies will enable the correct treatment to be implemented, with the goal of safely returning the athlete to play.     

Blood loss and contributing factors in femoral fracture surgery

Background

Substantial blood losses frequently accompany orthopedic procedures.

Methods

We prospectively noted peri-operative hemoglobin changes in 93 patients undergoing surgery for femoral fracture with an aim of establishing blood loss and related factors.

Results

The mean total blood loss assessed 72 hours after the surgical procedure was 3.31 (SD 1.56) units of whole blood. A multiple regression analysis revealed diathermy use and a simple fracture pattern as significant factors in reducing blood loss (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Open intramedullary fixation of femur fractures leads to considerable peri-operative blood loss. This is can be reduced by use of diathermy during surgery.     

Limb Lengthening in Patients with Achondroplasia

Purpose

Although bilateral lower-limb lengthening has been performed on patients with achondroplasia, the outcomes for the tibia and femur in terms of radiographic parameters, clinical results, and complications have not been compared with each other. We proposed 1) to compare the radiological outcomes of femoral and tibial lengthening and 2) to investigate the differences of complications related to lengthening.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients (average age, 14 years 4 months) with achondroplasia who underwent bilateral limb lengthening between 2004 and 2012. All patients first underwent bilateral tibial lengthening, and at 9-48 months (average, 17.8 months) after this procedure, bilateral femoral lengthening was performed. We analyzed the pixel value ratio (PVR) and characteristics of the callus of the lengthened area on serial radiographs. The external fixation index (EFI) and healing index (HI) were computed to compare tibial and femoral lengthening. The complications related to lengthening were assessed.

Results

The average gain in length was 8.4 cm for the femur and 9.8 cm for the tibia. The PVR, EFI, and HI of the tibia were significantly better than those of the femur. Fewer complications were found during the lengthening of the tibia than during the lengthening of the femur.

Conclusion

Tibial lengthening had a significantly lower complication rate and a higher callus formation rate than femoral lengthening. Our findings suggest that bilateral limb lengthening (tibia, followed by femur) remains a reasonable option; however, we should be more cautious when performing femoral lengthening in selected patients.     

Treatment of AO/OTA 31-A3 intertrochanteric femoral fractures with a percutaneous compression plate

OBJECTIVE:

AO/OTA 31-A3 intertrochanteric femoral fractures have completely different fracture line directions and biomechanical characteristics compared with other types of intertrochanteric fractures. The choice of the fixation method has been a focus of dispute among orthopedic trauma surgeons. The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of these fractures treated with a percutaneous compression plate at our institute.

METHOD:

Seventeen patients with AO/OTA 31-A3 intertrochanteric femoral fractures were treated with a percutaneous compression plate at our institute from January 2010 to December 2011. The clinical data and imaging results were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS:

The medical complication of popliteal vein thrombosis occurred in one patient. Sixteen patients were followed up for 12 to 21 months. Two patients had malunion and mild pain. Fracture collapse occurred in two patients, with one having head penetration. These two patients had moderate pain. There were no occurrences of nonunion or reoperation. The mean Harris hip score obtained during the last follow-up was 84.1 (61-97). Patients with a poor quality of reduction were more likely to have pain results (p = 0.001). A trend existed toward the presence of a poor quality of reduction (p = 0.05) in patients with a collapse of fracture. Patients with poor preoperative mobility were more likely to have a lower Harris hip score (p = 0.000).

CONCLUSION:

The percutaneous compression plate is an alternative device for the treatment of AO/OTA 31-A3 intertrochanteric femoral fractures. Good fracture reduction and an ideal placement position of the neck screw are important in the success of the device.     

Avoiding the under-diagnosis of low bone mineral density in Egyptian children with chronic medical conditions affecting bone health

Introduction

The International Society for Clinical Densitometry recommended that the lumbar spine and total body less head (TBLH) are the most accurate and reproducible skeletal sites for performing areal bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. Our objective is to evaluate the role of measurement of femoral neck BMD in avoiding the under-diagnosis of low BMD being a risk for fractures in subjects with chronic medical conditions that might affect bone health.

Material and methods

Subjects with chronic medical conditions that might affect bone health were studied (n = 468) and 36 healthy children were recruited as control subjects. Physical examinations, height, weight measurements and BMI were calculated. Dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured.

Results

Bone mineral density z scores in both sites were significantly reduced in chronic patients, compared with control subjects. Prevalence of very low BMD z scores (–2 or more) using lumbar DXA, femoral DXA, and either of the sites were 1.38%, 3.37%, and 3.96%, respectively, while low BMD Z scores (–1 to less than –2) were 9.52%, 18.05% and 21.14% respectively.

Conclusions

We identified a significant decrease in both lumbar and femoral BMDs in studied children. Sometimes femoral BMD is decreased while lumbar BMD is still within the normal range. For this reason we recommend that, when technically feasible and there is no facility to measure TBLH, all those patients should have lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density measurements to avoid under-diagnosis of low BMD being a risk for fractures.     

The Use of a Tuning Fork and Stethoscope to Identify Fractures

Context:

Nonradiographic tests to identify fractures rely on a patient''s report of increased pain at the site of injury. These tests can be misleading and produce false-positive or false-negative results because of differences in pain tolerance. A painless technique using a tuning fork and stethoscope to detect fractures has undergone limited review in the athletic training literature.

Objective:

To determine if the use of a 128-Hz vibrating tuning fork and stethoscope were effective in identifying fractures.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

University athletic training room or local orthopaedic center when fractures were suspected.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 37 patients (19 males, 18 females) volunteered.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

A diminished or absent sound arising from the injured bone as compared with the uninjured bone represented a positive sign for a fracture. Radiographs interpreted by the attending orthopaedic physician provided the standard for comparison of diagnostic findings.

Results:

Sensitivity was 0.83 (10∶12), specificity was 0.80 (20∶25), positive likelihood ratio was 4.2, negative likelihood ratio was 0.21, and diagnostic accuracy was 81% (30∶37).

Conclusions:

The tuning fork and stethoscope technique was an effective screening method for a variety of fractures.     

Management of inflammatory complications in third molar surgery: a review of the literature

Background

Pain, swelling and trismus are common complications associated with third molar surgery. These complications have been reported to have an adverse effect on the quality of life of patients undergoing third molar surgery.

Objective

To review the different modalities of minimizing inflammatory complications in third molar surgery.

Methods

A medline literature search was performed to identify articles on management of inflammatory complications in third molar surgery. Standard textbooks of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery were also consulted and some local scientific publications on the subject were reviewed.

Results

Methods ranges from surgical closure techniques, use of drains, physical therapy and pharmacological means. Studies reviewed have shown that no single modality effectively minimizes postoperative pain, swelling and trismus without undesirable effects.

Conclusion

Inflammatory complications after third molar surgery still remains an important factor in quality of life of patients at the early postoperative periods. Oral surgeons should be aware of the different modalities of alleviation of these complications to make postoperative recovery more comfortable for patients.     

Parent and self-report of sleep-problems and daytime tiredness among adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease and their population-based controls

Study Objectives:

To evaluate the frequency of sleep problems and daytime tiredness among adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in comparison with their healthy peers.

Design:

Parent and self-reports of sleep problems and daytime tiredness.

Setting:

Questionnaire-based postal survey.

Intervention:

N/A.

Participants:

One hundred sixty Finnish adolescents with IBD; 236 adolescents matched for age, sex, and place of residence; and the parents of both groups.

Measurements and Results:

Sleep Self-Report and sleep questions of the Child Behavior Check-List, and Youth Self-Report. The parents of adolescents with IBD reported in their index child more trouble sleeping (P < 0.01), more nightmares (P < 0.01), sleeping more than most children during the day/night (P < 0.001), and overtiredness (P < 0.001) than did the parents of control subjects. In contrast, adolescents with IBD themselves did not report more problems than their peers. However, in the group of patients with self-reported severe IBD symptoms, both the parents and the adolescents reported trouble sleeping and overtiredness more often (P values < 0.01) than in the group with mild symptoms or control subjects. Adolescents with severe IBD reported more often that their symptoms affected the quality of their sleep (P < 0.001) than did adolescents with mild disease.

Conclusions:

Adolescents with severe IBD symptoms have disturbed sleep and are overtired more often than are adolescents with mild IBD symptoms or control subjects. Thus, in adolescents with severe IBD symptoms, evaluating sleep is important in characterizing the disease burden. Both parent and adolescent reports are needed for comprehensive assessment of sleep in the young.

Citation:

Pirinen T; Kolho KL; Simola P; Ashorn M; Aronen ET. Parent and self-report of sleep-problems and daytime tiredness among adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease and their population-based controls. SLEEP 2010;33(11):1487-1493.     

三种金属植入体内固定治疗肱骨干骨折的比较

背景：目前,对管状骨骨折的内固定多采用髓内钉固定和钢板固定两种方式。交锁髓内钉以其适应证广、创伤小、固定牢等优点已经成为治疗长骨干骨折的金标准。 目的：比较微创锁定钢板、可膨胀髓内钉与交锁髓内针3种内固定方法治疗肱骨干骨折的效果。 方法：66例肱骨干骨折患者根据内固定方式不同分为3组,分别采用微创钢板、可膨胀髓内钉及交锁髓内针内固定,3组均采用常规内固定入路,比较3组患者骨折愈合时间及并发症。 结果与结论：3组骨折愈合时间差异无显著性意义。3组内固定后并发症比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),但是各有不同。结果表明3种内固定方式治疗肱骨干骨折均可取得满意疗效。在治疗应根据骨折的类型和损伤的程度合理选择固定方式。     

数字化仿真技术在股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术中的应用

目的　探讨数字化3D模型虚拟手术对闭合复位顺行带锁髓内钉固定术治疗股骨干骨折的指导意义，评估其对治疗效果的影响。 方法　选取本院2013年1月至2016年12月，闭合复位顺行带锁髓内钉固定术治疗的股骨干骨折病例80例，随机分为2组。研究组术前进行CT图像三维数字化重建并模拟手术过程，用以指导实际手术操作；对照组按照常规检查制定手术方案。比较两组手术时间、X线照射时间、术中出血量及术后随访情况。 结果　研究组的手术时间、X线照射时间与对照组相比均有统计学差异，术中出血量无统计学差异。患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合，无感染等并发症。随访16~38个月，患者完全痊愈后均未发生疼痛，步态正常，均恢复日常生活及髋关节正常活动。X线片复查示骨折愈合良好。 结论　股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术前进行3D重建及虚拟手术可指导手术过程，提高手术效率，具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Humeral internal rotation osteotomy for the treatment of Erb-Duchenne-type obstetric palsy: clinical and radiographic results

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the functional and radiographic results in patients undergoing shoulder anterior soft tissue stretching in association with open reduction and internal rotation osteotomy to centralize the humeral head as a treatment for Erb-Duchenne obstetric palsy sequelae.

METHOD:

A total of 35 patients underwent this surgical treatment, and the mean follow-up was 4.6 years. The Mallet scale was applied before and after the surgical procedure. A total of 20 patients underwent computed tomography to assess the glenoid version and humeral head subluxation.

RESULTS:

Functional improvement was achieved, as evidenced by an increase in the Mallet scale score from 12.14 to 16.46 (p<0.001). The correction of retroversion was achieved once the glenoid version ranged from -21.4 to -12 degrees (p<0.001). The humeral head subluxation improved from 6.5 to 35.2% (p<0.001). Patients older than 6 years of age did not achieve glenohumeral joint improvement with respect to dysplastic abnormalities.

CONCLUSION:

Internal rotation osteotomy in association with the stretching of anterior soft tissues of the shoulder in patients under the age of 7 years provided improvements in the function, retroversion, and subluxation of the glenohumeral joint.     

Tomographic assessment of the spine in children with spondylocostal dysotosis syndrome

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to perform a detailed tomographic analysis of the skull base, craniocervical junction, and the entire spine in seven patients with spondylocostal dysostosis syndrome.

METHOD:

Detailed scanning images have been organized in accordance with the most prominent clinical pathology. The reasons behind plagiocephaly, torticollis, short immobile neck, scoliosis and rigid back have been detected. Radiographic documentation was insufficient modality.

RESULTS:

Detailed computed tomography scans provided excellent delineation of the osseous abnormality pattern in our patients.

CONCLUSION:

This article throws light on the most serious osseous manifestations of spondylocostal dysostosis syndrome.     

股骨带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折

目的探讨股骨带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的临床应用。方法回顾性分析69例带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的临床资料。结果69例患者全部临床愈合，关节功能良好。结论应用股骨带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折是一种确实有效的方法，带锁髓内钉的临床应用扩大了普通髓内钉的适应证。     

Total hip arthroplasty using S-ROM prosthesis for dysplastic hip

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of total hip arthroplasty using a proximal modular femoral stem in patients who had secondary coxarthrosis associated with a dysplastic hip.

Materials and Methods

Forty-two patients (45 hips) with secondary coxarthrosis were evaluated after undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty using an S-ROM proximal modular femoral stem. The average follow-up was 80 months (range: 60 to 96 months). Clinical and radiological assessments were performed based on the Harris hip score and the radiological changes around the prosthesis.

Results

The average Harris hip score improved from 52.2 points to 88.5 points. All femoral stems showed stable fixation; there were 37 cases by bony ingrowth and 8 cases by stable fibrous ingrowth. Neither osteolysis nor progressive radiolucent lines around the femoral stem were found at the last follow-up. Forty-one hips (91.9%) revealed excellent or good clinical results at the most recent follow-up.

Conclusion

For advanced secondary coxarthrosis, total hip arthroplasty with the use of the proximal modular femoral stem yielded good mid-term results with respect to the clinical and radiological criteria.     

Electromagnetic stimulation as coadjuvant in the healing of diaphyseal femoral fractures: a randomized controlled trial

Introduction:

There is controversy in medical literature regarding the use of electromagnetic fields to promote bone healing.

Methods:

After designing and building devices capable of generating an electromagnetic field for this study, their safety was confirmed and the electromagnetic therapy was randomly allocated and compared to placebo in patients with fracture of the femoral diaphysis. Treatment began six weeks after the fracture and it was administered once a day, during 1 h, for eight consecutive weeks. Twenty device were built, 10 of which were placebo-devices. Between June 2008 and October 2009, 64 patients were randomized in two different hospitals and were followed for 24 weeks. The mean age was 30 years (18-59) and 81% were males.

Results:

Healing observed at week 12 was 75% vs. 58% (p =0.1); at week 18 it was 94% vs. 80% (p= 0.15); and at week 24 it was 94% vs. 87% (p= 0.43) for the device group and the placebo group, respectively.

Discussion:

This study suggests that an electromagnetic field stimulus can promote earlier bone healing compared to placebo in femoral diaphyseal fractures. Faster bone healing translates into sooner weight bearing, which -in turn- permits quicker return to normal daily activities.