72例人工髋关节置换术疗效分析

目的探讨人工髋关节置换术的疗效。方法对72例（74髋）人工髋关节置换患者的临床疗效及手术相关问题进行随访和分析。结果49例（50髋）获得8-89（38.8±18.6）个月的随访,23例失访。49例随访期内3例死亡,发生深静脉血栓形成1例,人工髋关节脱位3例,假体无菌性松动3例,髋臼磨损2例。无术后感染病例。按照Harris髋评分系统对未翻修的45例（46髋）进行评分：优25髋,良12髋,中6髋,差3髋。结论人工髋关节置换术疗效确切,严格掌握手术适应证,规范手术操作,完善术后康复,预防和减少术后并发症,可提高手术疗效。     

人工全髋关节置换术后的并发症预防

正全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)是20世纪最成熟的外科手术之一,国外起于40年代;50年代由我科范国声教授开展全国首例Judet股骨头置换术~([1]),开创了我国的髋关节置换术先河~([2])。经过了半个多世纪的发展,全髋关节置换术已经取得了良好的效果并有了长足的发展,2015年据不完全资料统计我国全髋关节置换术45～55万,且以每年25%～30%的速度递增~([3])。目前全髋     

人工髋关节置换术后翻修术的临床分析

目的　对人工髋关节置换术后翻修的原因、治疗方法及疗效进行综合评价 ,以避免或减少翻修术的发生。方法　总结本院 1991～ 2 0 0 0年收治的人工髋关节置换术后翻修术病例 ,从翻修术的原因、治疗方法及疗效等方面进行系统的分析比较。结果　 10年间我院施行翻修术 98例。翻修术的原因以髋臼磨损为主 ,占 45 .92 %。其他依次为假体松动、感染、脱位、假体位置不良、柄远端股骨骨折和人工髋关节强直等 ,非假体松动原因而行翻修术 79例 ,占翻修病例总数的 80 .5 8%。 2次及以上翻修术的主要原因是习惯性脱位和感染。翻修术方式主要采用生物学固定。合并髋臼骨缺损 2 9例 ,股骨侧骨缺损 2 5例 ,自体或异体骨植骨修复骨缺损 2 5例。平均随访 63 .9个月 ,Harris评分翻修术后优良率 82 .2 8%。结论　翻修术的主要原因是髋臼磨损 ,多次翻修术的原因主要是假体习惯性脱位和感染。翻修术应以生物学固定为主。为避免或减少翻修术的发生和次数 ,在行初次人工关节置换术时 ,应严格掌握手术适应证 ,规范手术操作 ,减少术后并发症     

人工髋关节置换术后的临床康复体会

随着人工全髋关节置换术（THR）的广泛应用，术后康复日益受到重视，精湛的手术技术只有结合完美的术后康复治疗，才能获得最理想的效果。THR术后康复是很复杂的问题，它不但与疾病本身有关，也与手术操作技术、患者的信心、精神状态以及对康复治疗的配合程度密切相关。     

人工髋关节置换术后翻修病例分析

目的分析人工髋关节置换术后翻修的原因,评价全髋翻修术的临床效果。方法本组33例34髋。初次关节置换类型:全髋置换21例,双杯髋关节置换1例,人工股骨头置换11例。翻修原因:无菌性松动23例24髋,髋臼位置不良1例1髋,股骨头置换后髋臼磨损5例5髋,感染4例4髋。翻修距初次手术时间:1年以内5髋,1～2年1髋,5～10年18髋,10～13年10髋。翻修假体类型:非骨水泥型假体20髋,混合型假体7髋,骨水泥型假体7髋。结果平均随访3.5年。1例术后半年发生股骨柄松动进行再翻修,其余病例假体保留,优良率为82.4%。结论翻修的最常见原因为无菌性松动,人工股骨头置换时髋臼磨损也是翻修原因之一,对较年轻的股骨颈骨折患者,如行假体置换,最好采用全髋关节置换。翻修术采用非骨水泥型假体较好。     

髋关节表面置换术的近期疗效及其并发症分析

目的 探讨髋关节表面置换术(resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip,RSAH)的近期疗效及并发症.方法 回顾性分析行RSAH的患者26例(32髋),男14例,女12例;年龄30～62岁,平均46.8岁.术前诊断为髋臼发育不良9例(11髋),股骨头坏死7例(9髋),强直性脊柱炎3例(4髋),类风湿关节炎5例(6髋),骨关节炎1例(1髋),色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎1例(1髋).术前全部患者均行CT或MR检查观察髋臼与股骨头结构、囊性变、硬化、坏死位置和范围及骨缺损情况;术前、术后1个月、术后3个月及每半年拍摄髋关节正、侧位X线片,观察假体松动、移位及异位骨化等情况,临床疗效通过Harris评分评价.结果患者全部获得随访,平均随访2.1年(8个月～4.3年);Harris评分从术前平均(44.5±7.1)分提高到术后平均(94.3±5.2)分,其中优28髋(87.5%),良4髋(12.5%).并发症包括术中股神经损伤1例,异位骨化2例(3髋),臀中肌步态2髋,髋关节弹响2髋,下肢深静脉血栓1例,股骨颈缩窄1髋.无股骨颈骨折、感染、脱位及假体松动等其他并发症.结论 RSAH术后可获得满意的近期疗效,提高手术技术和严格掌握适应证可减少早期并发症发生.     

人工髋关节置换术后并发症82例的临床分析

目的总结人工髋关节置换术后并发症的救治体会。方法回顾分析本院收治的82例人工髋关节置换术患者的临床资料。结果术后并发症15例，占18．2％；骨折和脱位3例，占3．66％；急性化脓性感染1例，占1．22％；慢性感染1例，占1．22％；继发静脉炎1例，占1．22％；皮缘坏死和脂肪液化2例，占2．44％；皮下积液1例，占1．22％；异位骨化1例，占1．22％；股骨头穿破髋臼1例，占1．22％；假体松动4例，占4．88％。结论人工髋关节置换术是髋关节功能重建最有效的方法之一。     

微创式人工髋关节置换术的临床价值

目的探讨微创式人工髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折、股骨头无菌性坏死的临床价值。方法 2006年11月至2009年11月采用微创式人工髋关节置换术取后外侧切口治疗股骨颈骨折、股骨头无菌性坏死38例,男21例,女17例,年龄48～96岁,平均72.3岁。全髋关节置换25例,人工股骨头置换13例,使用骨水泥3例。同期对照常规后外侧入路36例,全髋21例,人工股骨头置换15例,使用骨水泥3例。比较切口长度、术中出血量、术后疼痛程度、并发症、下地时间、患肢功能恢复情况。结果全部获得随访,随访时间5～36个月,平均15.4个月。微创组：切口平均长度8～9.8 cm,平均9.2 cm;术中出血量100～480 ml,平均230 ml;疼痛指数4～6分,平均5分;下地行走时间3～13天,平均8天;基本恢复步态25～38天,平均32天。术后并发下肢轻度肿胀1例。常规组：切口长度为16～18.2 cm,平均16.8 cm;术中出血220～690 ml,平均430 ml;疼痛指数6～8分,平均7分;下地时间7～35天,平均26天;基本恢复步态35～68天,平均48天。术后并发肺栓塞1例。结论微创式人工髋关节置换术用于股骨颈骨折、股骨头无菌性坏死患者,体重指数（BM=I）〈30%,对组织创伤小,术中出血少,术后疼痛程度轻,下地时间早,并发症少,加快康复患肢功能,无需特殊手术器械,有利于基层医院推广应用,但术者需要掌握常规全髋关节置换经验和微创手术操作培训。     

全髋关节置换术后早期后脱位的原因分析

<正>全髋关节置换术(THR)后脱位是全髋置换术最常见的并发症之一,它可以使患者对手术治疗及手术医师失去信心,同时患者对手术的满意度也会明显降低。关于全髋关节置换术后的脱位率,报道不尽相同。复习近年的文献报道,初次全髋置换术后的脱位率一般认为在2%～3%,全髋翻修手术的脱位率则较初次置换高3～4倍,达9%～10%,而第2次或更多次翻修手术后脱位率可高达26.17%[1]。按时间一般分为早期脱位(术后6周内)和晚期脱位(术后6周后),肖德常等[2]     

人工髋关节置换术后感染的临床经验分析

目的 总结人工髋关节感染的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1975年5月至2004年12月收治的人工髋关节置换术后感染患者43例44髋的临床资料,其中男25例26髋,女18例18髋;本院感染病例16例16髋,外院感染病例27例28髋,平均年龄为54岁（24～81岁）。平均随访时间3年3个月（5个月～16年）。治疗包括：I期翻修7例,其中2例失败后行切除成形术;Ⅱ期翻修15例16髋,切除成形13例;保留假体清创5例;抗生素治疗、髋关节融合和截肢各1例。43例患者中40例术前和术中培养阳性,共培养出59株细菌,其中表皮葡萄球菌19株,金黄色葡萄球菌10株。结果术后随访36例,感染均无复发。29例进行术后Harris评分,平均为78．5分（45～98分）。结论人工髋关节置换术后感染诊断治疗均很困难,细菌毒力高、耐药率高,治疗时应予以重视,治疗方法选择应根据具体情况而定,以Ⅱ期翻修较为理想。     

人工髋关节置换术后5年内翻修的原因分析及处理方法

目的 探讨初次髋关节置换术后早期翻修的原因和防治方法.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年6月55例行人工髋关节翻修术患者的资料,其中术后5年内(含5年)翻修11例,翻修原因及翻修方式为:髋臼假体位置不良导致复发性脱位2例,手术调整髋臼假体位置;髋臼假体松动5例,翻修髋臼和(或)股骨假体;术后早期股骨假体周围骨折2例,行骨折复位固定;股骨头磨损髋臼1例,行全髋翻修;感染1例,行二期手术翻修.术前和术后随访采用Harris评分评估髋关节功能.术前Harris评分平均46分(28～62分).结果 本组随访时间16～76个月,平均36个月.术后Harris评分提高至平均86分(75～96分).术后出现并发症2例:1例术后局部血肿形成,4周后需再次手术清理血肿;1例术后关节不稳,经适当牵引制动后关节不稳定现象消失.无感染、深静脉血栓、主要血管和神经损伤等并发症发生.结论 初次髋关节置换早期翻修主要原因与髋臼假体处理、假体选择和安放技术不当有关,因此提高髋臼假体安放的手术技术有助于改善人工髋关节的疗效.     

Total hip replacement for arthritis following tuberculosis of hip

AIM: To present the results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for post tubercular arthritis of the hip joint.METHODS: Sixty-five patients (45 male, 20 female) with previously treated tuberculosis of the hip joint underwent cementless THA for post tubercular arthritis. The average age at the time of THA was 48 years (range 29 to 65 years). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, chest X-ray and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were done preoperatively to confirm resolution of the disease and to rule out any residual disease. Intra-operative samples were taken for microbiological examination, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histological examination. Patients were started on anti-tubercular drugs one week before the operation and continued for 6 mo post operatively. The patients were followed up clinically using the Harris hip score as well as radiologically for any loosening of the implants, osteolysis and any recurrence of tuberculosis. Any complications especially the recurrence of the infection was also recorded.RESULTS: The mean interval from completion of antitubercular therapy for tuberculosis to surgery was 4.2 years (range, 2-6 years). Preoperatively, 17 patients had ankylosis whereas 48 patients had functional but painful range of motion. The mean surgical time was 97 min (range, 65-125) whereas the mean blood loss was 600 mL (range, 400-900 mL). The average follow up was 8.3 years (range 6-11 years). The average Harris Hip score improved from 27 preoperatively to 91 at the final follow up. Seventeen patients had acetabular protrusion which was managed with impaction grafting and cementless acetabular cup. The bone graft had consolidated in all these 17 patients at the follow up. Two patients developed discharging sinuses at 9 and 11 mo postoperatively respectively. The discharge tested positive for tuberculosis on the PCR. Both these patients were put on antitubercular therapy for another year. Both of them recovered and had no evidence of any loosening or osteolysis on X-rays. There were no other complications recorded.CONCLUSION: Total hip replacement restores good function to patients suffering from post tubercular arthritis of the hip.     

髂腰肌撞击——全髋关节置换术后并发症的诊治

目的分析全髋关节置换术后髂腰肌撞击假体引起疼痛原因及治疗措施。方法19例人工全髋关节置换术因髂腰肌撞击髋臼假体引起髋部疼痛患者,5例采用保守治疗无效后行髂腰肌肌腱切断术,12例行髂腰肌肌腱切断术,2例髋臼假体翻修。结果术后所有患者疼痛均明显减轻,Harris评分术前47～70（59±5．3）分,术后达83-95（92±1．7）分。双髋对比屈髋力量17例无明显下降,2例部分下降但并不影响髋关节功能。结论人工全髋关节置换术后因髂腰肌撞击髋臼假体引起髋部疼痛的患者,保守治疗常常效果不佳,而髂腰肌肌腱切断术效果较好。     

The natural history of unexplained early poor function following total hip replacement

Purpose

The majority of patients experience a significant improvement in quality of life and function after total hip replacement (THR). It has recently been shown that age and good pre-operative function are the best predictors of postoperative function. When patients fail to achieve a satisfactory outcome, a cause is often identified. Where there is no identifiable cause, advice, follow-up and management is not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term outcome of patients who had early poor function, but no identifiable cause.

Methods

From a regional database, we identified 1,564 patients who underwent unilateral THR between 1998 and 2004 and who were without complication or subsequent bilateral procedure at six months. These patients were divided into two groups according to their Harris hip score (HHS) at this stage: group A consisted of 270 patients with a ‘poor’ result (HHS less than 70). Group B consisted of 1,294 patients with a ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ result (HHS 70 or above). The patients were reviewed at five years. One hundred and ten patients from group A and 980 from group B completed five-year follow-up without further identifiable complication.

Results

Those with poor or fair function at six months were at an increased risk of developing an identified complication by five years including dislocation (OR 5.7, 95 % CI 1.8–18.2), deep infection (OR 9.8, 95%CI 2.9–37.7) and death (OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1–2.3). There was a greater rate of revision in group A versus group B (OR 5.7, 95 % CI 2.9–11). The overall function measured by the Harris hip score significantly improved in group A, but never reached that of those with good or excellent function at six months (HHS 76.2 versus 90.3, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Patients with poor function at six months, but no obvious cause, are at higher risk of developing complications by five years. This group may benefit from more regular arthroplasty review and intervention.     

初次人工髋关节置换术中假体周围股骨劈裂11例

2008年1月-2012年12月，我科采用人工髋关节置换术共581例，术中发生假体周围股骨劈裂11例，发生率为1．9%。笔者分析其原因并提出防治措施，总结经验如下。1．1病例资料本组11例，男5例，女6例，年龄34—71岁。病程1d-15年。病因：股骨颈骨折2例，股骨头坏死9例。手术方式：全髋置换术8例（全生物型固定），股骨头置换术3例（生物型固定）。劈裂部位：假体柄近端对应处劈裂（MayoI型）6例，假体柄体部对应处劈裂（MayoⅡ型）5例，均为生物型固定锥形假体柄。11例中2例发生于磨锉髓腔时，9例发生于假体置入过程中。     

Ileopectineal bursitis following total hip replacement

Two cases of ileopectineal bursitis following total hip replacement are presented. Inflammation, infection and trauma are discussed as pathogenic factors. The results of fine needle biopsy, radiologic examination including CT and ultrasonography, as well as bacteriological cultures are described. The therapy was surgical in both cases.     

人工髋关节置换早期并发症分析(附36例报告)

目的探讨人工髋关节置换的早期并发症的原因及其防治。方法回顾分析了831例人工髋关节置换术病例,其中股骨头置换648例,全髋置换183例,分析了早期并发症的原因,总结其防治措施。结果36(4.3%)例出现了早期并发症,其中伤口感染3例,血肿2例,脱位2例,股骨上段劈裂5例,神经损伤1例,下肢深静脉血栓23例。结论严格手术适应证,正确手术操作,强调手术前准备、手术后处理是减少早期并发症发生的关键。     

Iliopsoas tendonitis a complication after total hip arthroplasty

The causes of pain after total hip arthroplasty are multiple. We present a series of 15 patients (16 cases) who presented with pain related to the iliopsoas tendon. All patients had previously undergone cementless hip arthroplasty and presented with similar symptoms and clinical signs. Surgery was carried out after failure of conservative measures. Release of the iliopsoas tendon from the lesser trochanter gave good symptomatic relief in all except one patient who required reposition of acetabular prosthesis, with the average Harris Hip Score improving from 58 (range, 44-70) to 91 (range, 78-95) postoperatively. This relatively uncommon condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all patients who present with groin pain after total hip arthroplasty. Surgical release of the iliopsoas tendon can give excellent results in these patients.