PM2.5对大鼠肝、脾、肾组织的氧化损伤效应

目的探讨PMU对大鼠肝、脾、肾组织抗氧化酶活力和脂质过氧化（LPO）水平的影响。方法选取32只雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为4组,分别用0、1．5、7．5、37．5mg／kg的PMu经气管注入染毒后24h处死大鼠,测定肝、脾、肾组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活力,谷胱甘肽（GSH）和硫代巴比妥酸反应物（TBARS）含量。结果PM”染毒组大鼠肝、肾组织内SOD、CAT、GSH—Px活力和SOD／TBARS比值均较对照组降低（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,具有剂量一效应关系。各染毒组TBARS／GSH—Px比值较对照组显著升高（P〈0．01,P〈0．001）。染毒组脾、肾组织GSH含量较对照组显著下降（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,而染毒组肝组织GSH含量则出现先升高后降低的非线性变化特征（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。染毒组肝组织LPO水平出现剂量-效应性升高（P〈0．05）,染毒组脾组织各种抗氧化酶活力、LPO水平和TBARS／GSH—Px比值均未见显著变化。结论PM2.5可引起大鼠肝、肾组织的氧化损伤。     

沙尘暴PM_(2.5)对大鼠肺、心、肝组织的氧化损伤效应

目的探讨沙尘暴细颗粒物(PM2.5)对大鼠肺、心、肝组织的氧化损伤作用。方法采用气管直接注入染毒法,灌注24h后处死大鼠,测定肺、心、肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及脂质过氧化作用(LPO)水平。结果(1)沙尘暴和正常天气PM2.5均可引起肺、肝脏SOD酶活性的降低,而心脏SOD酶活性无显著性变化。(2)沙尘暴和正常天气PM2.5均可引起肺脏GSH含量降低,使肝脏中GSH含量呈现先升高后降低的非线性变化特征,而心脏GSH含量无显著性变化。(3)沙尘暴和正常天气PM2.5均可引起肺、心、肝脏的LPO水平升高。(4)正常天气PM2.5比沙尘暴PM2.5对各测量指标的影响较大,但统计学上均无显著性差异,但由于沙尘暴PM2.5浓度远高于正常天气PM2.5,所以沙尘暴PM2.5产生的效应较大。结论沙尘暴和正常天气PM2.5对大鼠肺、心、肝组织均有不同程度的氧化损伤作用,沙尘暴PM2.5的急剧增高使其毒性作用更为严重。     

大气细颗粒物对大鼠脑组织的氧化损伤效应

目的探讨大气细颗粒物(PM2·5)对大鼠脑组织的毒性作用机制。方法将32只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为低、中、高(1·5,7·5,37·5mg/kg)3个剂量染毒组和生理盐水对照组。气管注入染毒后24h处死大鼠,测定脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)含量。结果经PM2·5染毒后大鼠脑组织的SOD、CAT活性出现显著的剂量依赖性下降趋势;高浓度组GSH含量显著降低;GSH-Px活性在不同剂量染毒后虽出现下降趋势,脂质过氧化水平(LPO)也有所升高,但与对照组之间差异无统计学意义。各染毒组SOD/TBARS比值显著降低(P<0·05),TBARS/GSH-Px比值则在高浓度染毒后较对照组明显升高(P<0·05)。结论PM2·5可引起大鼠脑组织的氧化损伤,是一种神经毒性因子。     

PM_(2.5)对运动大鼠肺氧化损伤和炎症反应相关指标的影响

目的探讨细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))对运动大鼠肺氧化损伤和炎症相关指标的影响。方法将20只健康清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,分别为生理盐水对照组、PM_(2.5)组、PM_(2.5)+运动组、PM_(2.5)+运动加强组,每组5只。PM_(2.5)组气道滴注染毒剂量为6.0 mg/kg,每周染毒5 d,每天1次,休息2 d;连续4周;PM_(2.5)+运动组在滴注PM_(2.5)后游泳1 h;PM_(2.5)+运动加强组大鼠先游泳4周,再滴注染毒和1 h游泳。测定肺组织中氧化损伤指标[肺总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)、一氧化氮(NO)]和炎症相关指标[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、表面活性物质蛋白(SP-A)]的水平。结果与对照组相比,PM_(2.5)组、PM_(2.5)+运动组和PM_(2.5)+运动加强组大鼠肺组织中T-AOC和SP-A的含量均下降,而HO-1的活力及NO、TNF-α的含量均较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);而PM_(2.5)+运动加强组大鼠肺组织中NO的含量无明显变化。与PM_(2.5)组相比,PM_(2.5)+运动组大鼠肺组织中T-AOC降低,而HO-1活力和NO的含量较高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);而PM_(2.5)+运动加强组大鼠肺组织中的T-AOC和HO-1的活力及NO的含量均无明显改变。与PM_(2.5)+运动组相比,PM_(2.5)+运动加强组大鼠肺T-AOC水平有所回升,而HO-1活力和NO的含量均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。与PM_(2.5)组比较,PM_(2.5)+运动组大鼠肺组织中TNF-α的含量均增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PM_(2.5)组、PM_(2.5)+运动组和PM_(2.5)+运动加强组大鼠肺组织中SP-A的含量间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PM_(2.5)可诱发大鼠肺组织氧化损伤和炎症效应,PM_(2.5)暴露下运动会加剧此效应。适宜的加强运动在一定程度上减轻了PM_(2.5)污染造成的肺组织损伤。     

六氯苯对大鼠机体氧化损伤和抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的 研究六氯苯（HCB）对大鼠的毒性作用,探讨HCB中毒的氧化应激机制.方法 2个染毒组分别以含HCB 2.5%（低剂量组）、20.0%（高剂量组）的饲料染毒大鼠14 d,测定血清中碱性磷酸酶等11项血清学指标;测定大脑（皮层、海马）、肝脏和血清中丙二醛（MDA）水平、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力.结果 （1）高剂量HCB染毒组大鼠大脑皮层、海马、肝和血清中MDA含量均高于对照组,低剂量染毒组海马和血清中MDA也较对照组明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）.（2）2个剂量组大鼠大脑皮层和海马中T-SOD活力明显增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;但高剂量组大鼠血清T-SOD活力却明显降低,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.（3）高剂量染毒组大鼠海马CAT活力高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.（4）高剂量染毒组大鼠大脑皮层、海马和低剂量染毒组海马中GSH-Px活力高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,但两组大鼠肝脏中GSH-Px活力却明显降低,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.（5）2个剂量染毒组大鼠血清白蛋白、总胆固醇都较对照明显增加,而血清碱性磷酸酶活力却明显降低,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 HCB可导致大鼠机体氧化损伤、抗氧化酶活力改变,氧化应激是其重要的毒作用机制.     

大气PM_(2.5)中重金属研究进展

近年来大气PM_(2.5)污染及其危害受到全球关注,我国污染现状尤其严重。作为重要的大气污染物成分,PM_(2.5)富集的重金属对生态环境和人体健康有较大威胁。该文分析总结了我国大气PM_(2.5)中重金属的研究现状,包括污染水平、时空分布特征、来源解析、化学形态、生物有效性和毒理健康效应等方面,提出了现阶段研究的不足,并对今后大气颗粒物污染及其成分研究进行展望,以利于环境空气质量的合理评价及其标准完善,为大气污染防治决策提供科学依据。     

PM_(2.5)颗粒物引起血管内皮细胞氧化损伤的研究

目的　探索PM2. 5颗粒物引起心血管疾病的机制。方法　ECV30 4细胞暴露于不同浓度的PM2. 5颗粒物混悬液 (5 0、2 0 0、4 0 0 μg/ ml) ,染毒 2 4小时后运用MTT法测细胞存活率、测定细胞内SOD和GSH含量、并进行流式细胞仪分析凋亡来综合分析。结果　随着染毒浓度上升 ,ECV30 4细胞存活率逐渐下降 ,死亡率逐渐上升 ;染毒浓度为 5 0、2 0 0、4 0 0 μg ml,细胞内GSH含量 (mg gprot)分别为 2 0 . 6 4 3± 2 .16 7、16. 774± 2 911(P <0. 0 5 )、15. 6 5 8± 3. 4 71(P <0. 0 1) ,SOD含量 (U mgprot)为 5. 878± 0. 4 0 1、5 14 0± 0 . 4 4 8(P <0 .0 1)、4 . 817± 0 . 4 5 1(P <0 . 0 1)。结论　PM2. 5可通过氧化损伤途径使血管内皮细胞死亡 ,导致心血管疾病的发生。     

PM_(2.5)对小鼠脑组织急性氧化损伤的影响研究

目的探讨PM_(2.5)对小鼠脑组织的急性毒性效应。方法将SPF级雄性Balb/c小鼠48只随机分为6组:对照组(生理盐水组)、生理盐水+褪黑素组、4μg/d PM_(2.5)组、20μg/d PM_(2.5)组、100μg/d PM_(2.5)组、100μg/d PM_(2.5)+褪黑素组,每组8只。各染毒组分别以0.1、0.5、2.5 mg/ml PM_(2.5)溶液进行气道滴注,每只小鼠每天滴注40μl,连续7 d;生理盐水+褪黑素组、100μg/d PM_(2.5)+褪黑素组每天以1.0 mg/ml褪黑素灌胃,灌胃剂量为10 mg/(kg·d),连续7 d。检测脑组织中活性氧自由基(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,并采用ELISA法检测脑组织中白细胞介素-4(IL-4)的水平。结果 100μg/d PM_(2.5)组小鼠脑组织ROS、MDA、IL-4含量高于对照组,GSH含量低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);20μg/d PM_(2.5)组小鼠脑组织MDA含量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。100μg/d PM_(2.5)+褪黑素组小鼠脑组织ROS、MDA、IL-4含量低于100μg/d PM_(2.5)组,GSH含量高于100μg/d PM_(2.5)组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论 100μg/d PM_(2.5)气道滴注染毒可能对小鼠脑组织造成损伤,产生炎症反应,并通过氧化应激反应介导;褪黑素对PM_(2.5)引起的脑组织氧化损伤有一定的拮抗作用。     

白藜芦醇对PM_(2.5)致大鼠心血管损伤的保护作用

目的探究探究白藜芦醇(Res)对PM_(2.5)急性染毒引起的心血管氧化应激损伤和炎性损伤的保护作用。方法 64只SD大鼠,雌、雄各半,随机分成溶剂对照、Res对照、低、中、高剂量PM_(2.5)和Res+低、中、高剂量PM_(2.5)共8组,每组8只。Res+PM_(2.5)组先Res ig 28d,再进行气管滴注(同时ig Res)隔日1次,共4次。末次染毒24h后,10%水合氯醛(TCA)麻醉后,取血,摘取心脏,测定心脏病理切片及氧化指标,分析血脂水平及心脏组织中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果末次染毒后的各组大鼠体质量差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),与溶剂对照组比,各剂量PM_(2.5)组的大鼠心脏组织匀浆的GSH、GSH-Px和T-SOD均下降,MDA升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);与PM_(2.5)组对比,Res各组大鼠心脏组织匀浆的GSH、GSH-Px和T-SOD均升高,MDA下降差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);中、高剂量的PM_(2.5)组的心脏脏器系数较溶剂对照组和Res+各剂量PM_(2.5)组增大明显(P0.05),各组大鼠血脂水平差异无统计学意义。结论急性气管滴注PM_(2.5)可引起大鼠心血管出现病理炎性损伤以及氧化应激等指标改变,Res对PM_(2.5)引起心血管损伤具有保护作用。[营养学报,2019,41(4):393-397]     

大气PM_(2.5)的健康影响

大量流行病学研究表明 ,大气PM2 .5的暴露与人类健康危害之间存在持续的统计学相关性 ,大气PM2 .5对健康的潜在危害已受到国内外学者的普遍关注。本文综述了大气PM2 .5的来源和组成、对人体的危害及毒理学研究的初步进展     

Short-term impact of particulate matter (PM(2.5)) on respiratory mortality in Madrid

Objectives: This paper sought to quantify the particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollutant's impact on short-term daily respiratory-cause mortality in the city of Madrid.

Methods: As our dependent variable, we took daily mortality registered in Madrid from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2005, attributed to all diseases of the respiratory system as classified under heads J00–J99 of the ICD 10 and broken down as follows: J12–J18, pneumonia; J40–J44, chronic diseases of the respiratory system except asthma; J45–J46, asthma; and J96, respiratory failure.

Results: The relative risk (RR) for daily overall respiratory mortality was RR 1.0281 (1.0043–1.0520), with a proportional attributable risk (PAR) of 2.74%. This effect occurred in lag 1; respiratory failure, RR 1.0816 (1.0119–1.1512) and PAR 7.54% at lag 5; and pneumonia, RR 1.0438 (1.0001–1.0875) and PAR 4.19% at lag 6.

Conclusions: Our results reflect the association that exists between PM_2.5 concentrations and daily respiratory-cause mortality.     

Oxidative Damage of the Extracts of Condensate,Particulate and Semivolatile Organic Compounds from Gasoline Engine Exhausts on Testicles of Rats

Oxidative damage induced by extracts of condensate, particulate matters and semivolatile organic compounds from gasoline engine exhausts were investigated in testicles of adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The results showed that gasoline engine exhaust could increase the contents of malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein, decrease activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and induce DNA damage in testicle of rat. Taking together, the gasoline engine exhaust could promote oxidative damage of bio-macromolecular in testicles of rat and oxidative stress might be an alternative mechanism for male reproductive function of male mammals.     

番茄红素抗氧化损伤的实验研究

目的观察番茄红素对臭氧所致大鼠氧化损伤的保护作用。方法利用大鼠吸入臭氧制造损伤模型,同时灌胃番茄红素,6周后检测大鼠血清及肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果高、低剂量组与损伤模型组相比,SOD和GSH-Px活力升高,MDA含量下降,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论番茄红素对臭氧所致大鼠氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

不同浓度SO_2吸入染毒诱导运动大鼠心肺组织的氧化损伤效应

目的 研究不同浓度SO_2吸入染毒对运动大鼠心肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,探讨SO_2污染对运动者心肺组织损伤的机制.方法 48只SD雄性大鼠随机分为8组:空白对照组、单纯运动组、低污染运动组、低污染安静组、中污染运动组、中污染安静组、高污染运动组和高污染安静组.除了空白对照组和单纯运动组,其余各组均置于不同浓度SO_2污染环境中(低、中、高污染组SO_2浓度分别为5、10、15mg/m~3),运动组大鼠进行跑轮运动(8 m/min,2 h/d,共10 d).24 h后处死大鼠,取心肺组织匀浆后立即进行抗氧化酶和脂质过氧化水平测定.结果 肺组织SOD活力在高污染运动组、高污染安静组、中污染运动组、中污染安静组、低污染运动组较空白对照组显著降低(P＜0.05);心组织SOD活力却出现单纯运动组、中污染安静组升高而高污染安静组、高污染运动组下降的变化趋势(P＜0.05).心肺组织的GSH含量中污染安静组升高而高污染运动组、高污染安静组、中污染运动组下降(P＜0.05).MDA水平各实验组较安静对照组显著升高(P＜0.05).同一浓度污染环境中运动组与安静组相比,SOD活力、GSH含量显著降低,MDA水平显著升高(P＜0.05),且存在剂量-效应关系.结论 SO_2污染可引起大鼠心肺组织的氧化损伤,而SO_2污染对运动大鼠心肺组织的氧化损伤效应比安静组更明显.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of sulfur dioxide(SO_2)pollution in difierent concentrations on activity of SOD,levels of GSH and MDA in heart and lung tissue of exercised rats,in order to elucidate the toxicological mechanism of SO_2 pollution.Methods Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into eight groups:a rest group(RG),an exercise group(EG),a low pollution exercise group (LEG),a low pollution rest group(LRG),a moderate pollution exercise group(MEG),a moderate pollution rest group(MRG),a high pollution exercise group(HEG)and a high pollution rest group(HRG).All groups,except RG and EG,were exposed to SO_2 with difierent concentrations(5 mg/m~3,10 mg/m~3,15 mg/m~3),meanwhile exercised rats run in a motor-driven wheel at a speed of 8 m/min,2 h/d for 10 days.Rats were sacrificed at 24 h after treatment and the anti-oxidative enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation(LPO)levels were measured.Results Compared with RG,SOD activity of lung tissue significantly decreased in HEG,MEG,LEG(P＜0.05),whereas the change of SOD activity of heart showed a tendency that EG,MRG raised and HRG,HEG declined(P＜0.05).GSH levels of heart and lung tissue appeared a conspicuous increase in MRG and a noticeable decrease in HEG,HRG,MEG(P＜0.05).MDA levels of heart and lung tissue in each group had a significant increase in comparison with RG(P＜0.05).Compared with the rest group in the same polluted environment,SOD activity and GSH levels of heart and lung tissue in exercise groups had a markedly decrease while MDA levels significantly increased(P＜0.05),with a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion SO_2 exposure can induce oxidative damage in exercised rats' heart and lung tissue,which is more significant than rest rats.     

Ameliorative Effect of Citrus junos Tanaka Waste (By-Product) Water Extract on Particulate Matter 10-Induced Lung Damage

Citrus junos Tanaka (CJ)-related products are well-accepted by consumers worldwide; thus, they generate huge amounts of waste (peel, pulp, and seed) through CJ processing. Although some CJ by-products (CJBs) are recycled, their use is limited owing to the limited understanding of their nutritional and economic value. The exposure to particulate matter (PM) increases the risk of respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of CJB extracts (100, 200 mg/kg/day, 7 days) on PM10-induced (10 mg/kg, intranasal, 6 h) lung damage in BALB/c mice. Cell type-specific signaling pathways are examined using the A549 (PM10, 200 μg/mL, 6 h) and RAW264.7 (LPS, 100 ng/mL, 6 h) cell lines. The CJB extracts significantly attenuated PM10-induced pulmonary damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in a mouse model. The essential protein markers in inflammatory signaling pathways, such as AKT, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB for PM10-induced phosphorylation, were dramatically reduced by CJB extract treatment in both the mouse and cell models. Furthermore, the CJB extracts reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in a dose-dependent manner in the cells. Comprehensively, the CJB extracts were effective in reducing PM10-induced lung injuries by suppressing pulmonary inflammation, potentially due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.     

室内颗粒物的来源、健康效应及分布运动研究进展

室内的颗粒物质与室内空气品质(indoor air quality,IAQ)有着密切关系。颗粒物质可能给人体健康或者其他设备和物品带来危害。该文回顾了室内颗粒物的来源及其影响,综述了室内颗粒物分布及其穿透、沉降、二次悬浮等运动的研究状况,并就未来的研究提出了作者的看法。     

细颗粒物中镍对循环内皮祖细胞功能 影响的初步研究

目的 通过对循环内皮祖细胞迁移和集落形成单位的测定,探讨细颗粒物PM2.5中镍致心血管疾病的潜在机制。方法 选择甘肃某一镍开采和冶炼所致环境空气中镍污染严重地区作为高镍区;位于其上风侧且自然条件与其相近的另一城市作为低镍区;另选择一环境空气中细颗粒物PM2.5浓度较低的自然保护区作为对照区。研究对象为在上述三个地区生活...     

Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Exposure on Calorie Intake and Appetite of Outdoor Workers

Malaysia has been experiencing smoke-haze episodes almost annually for the past few decades. PM_2.5 is the main component in haze and causes harmful impacts on health due to its small aerodynamic size. This study aimed to explore the implications of PM_2.5 exposure on the dietary intake of working individuals. Two phased 13-weeks follow-up study was conducted involving 440 participants, consisting of two cohorts of outdoor and indoor workers. Ambient PM_2.5 concentrations were monitored using DustTrakTM DRX Aerosol Monitor. Data on Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) and 24 h diet recall were collected weekly. The highest PM_2.5 concentration of 122.90 ± 2.07 µg/m³ was recorded in August, and it vastly exceeded the standard value stipulated by US EPA and WHO. SNAQ scores and calorie intake were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with changes in PM_2.5 exposure of outdoor workers. Several moderate and positive correlations (R-value ranged from 0.4 to 0.6) were established between SNAQ scores, calorie intake and PM_2.5 exposure. Overall findings suggested that long hours of PM_2.5 exposure affect personal dietary intake, potentially increasing the risk of metabolic syndromes and other undesired health conditions. The current policy should be strengthened to safeguard the well-being of outdoor workers.     

大气PM2.5对原代培养大鼠心肌细胞的毒性

目的探讨PM25及其组分对原代培养大鼠心肌细胞的毒性及其剂量-反应关系.方法对出生24 h的SD大鼠的乳鼠分离心肌细胞进行原代培养,以不同浓度(0.1、1.0、10.0、20.0、30.0、100.0、200.0μg/ml)的PM25全颗粒物及其水溶性提取物、有机提取物染毒24h,采用MTT法测定细胞的存活率,并观察染毒对心肌细胞搏动的影响.结果0.1、1.0、10.0μg/ml的全颗粒物、水溶性提取物和有机提取物染毒时,心肌细胞存活率均随染毒浓度升高而上升,在10.0μg/ml时达到最高,随后,随浓度的升高而降低;有机提取物的毒性明显高于水溶性提取物,心肌细胞的搏动频率随染毒浓度的升高而降低.结论以细胞存活率为指标,观察到PM25及其组分对心肌细胞的hormesis效应;PM25及其组分还可抑制心肌细胞的搏动频率并存在剂量-反应关系.