子宫内膜癌68例预后因素临床分析

探讨子宫内膜癌的预后相关因素，分析：68例子宫内膜癌患者的临床病理资料。结果发现40岁以上患者的5年存活率略低于年轻发病者，绝经与否对5年存活率无影响，5年存活率足月产≥2次者为92．7％（P＜0．05），行以手术为主的综合治疗者可达94．7％，临床I期者为98．0％（P＜0．05），腺癌略高于其他类型癌（P＞0．05），子宫肌层浸润深度＜1／2者达94．0％（P＜0．05），提示手术方式，临床分期，子宫肌层浸润深度和足月产次是影响子宫内膜癌预后的重要因素。     

CR在急诊外伤摄影中的应用

目的：探讨CR在急诊外伤检查中的作用及其临床价值。方法回顾分析400例外伤患者的CR照片。其中胸部95例；脊柱53例；骨盆和四肢154例；鼻骨47例；其他部位51例。结果：400例急诊外伤CR摄片，发现肋骨骨折44例，占46．32％（44／95）；肺挫伤32例，占33。68％（32／95）；脊柱骨折和／或滑脱19例，占35．85％（19／53）；骨盆和四肢骨折和／或脱位71例，占46．10％（71／154）；鼻骨骨折16例，占34．04％（16／47）；其它部位骨折13例，占25.49％（13／51）。结论：由于CR具有宽的曝光宽容度及多种后处理功能，可以清晰显示骨折、脱位和周围软组织等征象，综合信息获得量明显高于普通X线平片，可以为临床提供更多的有用信息，有利于临床及时处理，是临床治疗的可靠依据。     

原发性胆囊癌16例临床病理分析

目的复习胆囊癌临床病理资料，探讨原发性胆囊癌的病理类型及临床特点。方法收集2002年1月至2007年12月我科胆囊癌16例，对其临床和病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组资料16例，男性6例，女性10例，男女比例1：1．7，年龄29。90岁，平均56．5岁。术前临床怀疑癌6例（37．5％），术中及术后意外胆囊癌10例（62．5％），均除外胆囊转移癌。合并结石12例（75％），发生转移4例（25％）。病理组织学分型：腺癌8例（50％），粘液腺癌3例（18．75％），肠型腺癌3例（18．75％），乳头状腺癌1倒（6．25％），腺鳞癌1例（6．25％）。结论胆囊癌的病理类型以腺癌多见，浸润性强，预后差。临床上意外胆囊癌占相当比例，手术医师应提高对胆囊癌的警惕性，有条件者应对可疑病变行术中冰冻切片检查。     

髂内动脉灌注化疗加栓塞术在宫颈癌治疗中的意义

目的：探讨髂内动脉灌注化疗加栓塞术在宫颈癌治疗中的意义。方法：130例晚期宫颈癌患者，Ⅱb33例，Ⅲ期76例，Ⅳ期21例；鳞癌101例，腺癌22例，腺鳞癌7例；巨块型62例，溃疡型48例，颈管型20例；在DSA监视下，采用Seldinger氏技术行双侧髂内动脉插管，以DDP或CBP、BLM和MMC等药物缓慢灌注化疗，明胶海棉颗粒栓塞肿瘤供血最明显分支。结果：所有病例临床症状均有改善，显效率100％；巨块型癌在治疗后7d，77．4％肿块缩小超过50％，91．9％患者3～4w宫颈外形清晰可见；颈管型治疗后颈管部肿块均缩小，缩小超过50％的病例占70．0％；44例溃疡型癌合并出血，43例（97．7％）在治疗后即刻出血停止，溃疡型患者3～4w时盆腔组织明显变软，尤以宫颈旁组织和阴道穹窿为著，1／3肿块缩小达50％以上；盆腔疼痛缓解率100％，下肢水肿缓解率100％。结论：髂内动脉灌注化疗加栓塞术治疗晚期宫颈癌有非常好的近期疗效，可作为提高晚期宫颈癌患者治愈率和长期缓解率的常规辅助治疗手段。     

子宫肌瘤导管栓塞治疗的临床与病理研究

目的 探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞（TUAE）治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效、安全性及栓后切除标本的病理改变与意义。方法 44例子宫肌瘤患者行经导管子宫动脉注射碘油平阳霉素乳剂（LPE）加明胶海绵颗粒栓塞治疗,其中7例于栓塞后1－6周行全宫切除或肌瘤剔除术,标本送病理检查。另37例随访1－6个月,主要观察临床症状改变及肌瘤大小与子宫体积变化。同时,通过栓塞后月经观察、卵巢内分泌功能测试、经前诊刮及栓塞后全子宫切除标本病理研究,了解栓塞后卵巢功能及正常子宫肌组织的改变。结果 总的症状改善率91．9％（34／37）,其中月经完全恢复正常者占91．4％（32／35）,下腹部、腰腿胀痛消失者占83．3％（25／30）,尿频、尿急等压迫症状消失者占45．57％（5／11）。栓后6个月肌瘤体积平均缩小62．4％,子宫体积平均缩小50．6％。月经观察无闭经病例发生,经前诊刮病理提示子宫内膜呈分泌期改变。卵巢内分泌功能测试栓塞前后变化无明显差异（P＞0．05）。手术标本病理观察,碘油仅分布于肌瘤组织,栓后2周肌瘤出现点状坏死,3周出现大量片状坏死,随着时间延长坏死范围逐渐增大,而正常子宫肌层未见坏死。结论 TUAE是一项治疗子宫肌瘤安全、有效的新技术;IPE作为栓塞剂,对正常子宫肌层不构成损害。     

一氧化氮中毒迟发性病变的病程及预后－附217例临床分析

目的：研究DEACMP的病程及预后。方法：对DEACMP患者217例的假愈期,临床表现,病程,预后,以及头部CT,MRI,SPECT所见进行对比分析。结果：（1）本组病例中,30天内病情开始好转者占59．44％,31－60天者占21．65％,＞60天者占17．97％,总临床治愈率为44．7％,有效率为99．07％。（2）无明显假愈期患者病程长,预后差,假愈期＜14天与＞15天者之间,前者病程显著长于后者,治愈及有效率无显著差异。（3）假愈期头部CT所见异常阳性率易发病,影像学所见与临床改善不平行,SPECT理能反映病情改善。结论：ECACMP的临床病程具有显著的自限性和可恢复性。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓疗效分析

目的：探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的疗效。方法：癌栓组为无手术指征的原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓患者50例，对照组为原发性肝癌42例，两组患者均行肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗，观察两组患者的疗效、生存率和并发症。结果：对照组和癌栓组近期总有效率分别为50．0％（21／42）和42．0％（21／50），组间比较无显著差异；癌栓组门静脉癌栓消失或缩小〉25％者为44％（22／50），两组治疗后肝癌二期手术切除率分别为38．1％（16／42）和30％（15／50），无显著差异；对照组0．5、1、2年生存率分别为71．4％（30／42）、47．6％（20／42）、31．0％（13／42），中位生存期为15．6个月；癌栓组分别为64．0％（32／50）、40．0%（20／50）、24．0％（12／50），中位生存期为14．2个月，组间差异不显著；两组患者术后并发症发生率无显著差异。结论：肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓具有较好疗效。     

年轻宫颈癌患者卵巢移位并根治放疗的临床研究

目的：探讨卵巢移位对年轻宫颈癌患者放射治疗后内分泌及生活质量的影响。方法：年龄24～35岁，Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的宫颈癌患者64例分为2组。实验组（卵巢移位＋放疗）32例，先行卵巢移位手术，然后行盆腔根治性放疗；对照组（单纯放疗）32例，直接行盆腔根治性放疗。观察两组放疗后性激素水平变化及临床表现，并进行对照分析。结果：实验组放疗后血清FSH、LH、E2、T值较放疗前无显著变化（t=0．72，P〉0．05）。对照组放疗后FSH．LH值显著增高（t=15．53，P〈0．01），E2值显著降低（t=6．61，P〈0．01）。临床症状两组间具有显著差异（x^2=32．00，P〈0．01）。结论：保留卵巢功能可以提高年轻宫颈癌患者放射治疗后的生活质量。     

宫颈环形电切术治疗高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变的临床分析

目的评价宫颈环形电切术（LEEP术）治疗高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变（HSIL）的应用价值。方法用LEEP术对经阴道镜下病理活检诊断为CIN Ⅱ、Ⅲ级（包括原位癌CIS）患者58例进行治疗，根据病检结果进行相应的处理，并对其疗效及并发症等相关问题进行分析。结果术前、术后病理诊断一致者占51．7％（30／58）;术后病理诊断级别上升占8．6％（5／58），术后病理诊断级别降低占39．7％（23／58）。手术切缘未净2例，其中1例病理为浸润癌行广泛性子宫切除＋盆腔淋巴清扫术，1例为镜下微小浸润癌行全子宫切除术。LEEP术后主要的并发症是术后出血。结论LEEP术后病理诊断是阴道镜下多点活检的补充诊断，对于高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变（CINⅡ、Ⅲ级）患者，及早行LEEP术诊断和治疗可以早期发现宫颈浸润癌，以便及时得到相应的治疗。     

冠状动脉内支架植入术321例分析

目的：评价冠状动脉内支架的临床价值。材料与方法：321例冠心病患者冠状动脉内植入451个支架，植入成功率97．8／，其中79．1％（254例）为B2型以上复杂性病变，因DeNovo及Suboptimal病变植入的支架占56.7％（182／321），Bail－out病变16．5％（53／321），再狭窄病变26.8％（86／321）。结果：28例曾行冠状动脉搭桥水患者的28文静脉移植血管（SVG）内植入49个支架，16例急性心肌梗塞患者接受原发支架植入。多支架植入99例，其中植入3个以上支架者26例。支架类型：Palmaz－schatz支架占69.7％（314个），NIR支架占20．6％（93个），其它支架占9．8％（44个）。多数病例使用高压球囊扩张，住院期间发生急性支架血栓形成6例（1．9％），亚急性支架血栓形成2例，其中1例因心肌梗塞死亡，无严重出血并发症。21例（6.5％）术后2－11个月胸痛复发者支架部位再狭窄，再次PTCA。结论：冠脉内支架是一种安全有效的介入性治疗技术．其扩大了PTCA的适应症，成功率高，并发症低，并减少再狭窄的发生。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.