CD44v6在涎腺多形性腺瘤及其恶变中表达的研究

目的 研究CD44v6在涎腺多形性腺瘤（PA）及其恶变（Cain-PA)中的表达,旨在探讨涎腺多形性腺瘤的恶变机制。方法 应用免疫组化方法检测25例涎腺多形性腺瘤、25例涎腺多形性腺瘤恶变CD44v6的表达。恶变后呈弱表达,细胞间粘附力减弱,从而利于浸润转移,CD44v6在Cain-PA的原发灶及转移灶中弱或不表达,显示瘤细胞粘附力弱,易于脱离肿瘤主体发生转移。     

Cyclin D1,Cyclin E,c-Myc在涎腺良恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达研究

目的：研究cyclin D1,cyclin E,c-myc在涎腺多形性腺瘤中的表达,与临床生物学特性和细胞增殖的关系以及对于涎腺多形性腺瘤病理学诊断的意义。方法：采用免疫组化方法检测30例良性多形性腺瘤,30例细胞丰富型多形性腺瘤和30例恶性多形性腺瘤中cyclin D1、cyclin E、c-myc蛋白的表达水平,并与30例癌旁正常涎腺组织中的表达对比。结果：cyclin D1、cyclin E和c-myc在恶性多形性腺瘤中的阳性表达率明显高于良性和细胞丰富型多形性腺瘤（P〈0.05）,而三者在良性多形性腺瘤中的阳性表达率与在细胞丰富型多形性腺瘤的阳性表达率无统计学差异。cyclin E、cyclin D1和c-myc蛋白的异常表达与患者性别、是否复发、发生部位、肿瘤的大小无关（P〈0.05）。在恶性肿瘤中,cyclin D1的异常表达与肿瘤的TNM分期相关（P〈0.05）,cyclin E蛋白的表达于肿瘤的浸润性相关（P〈0.05）。c-myc的过表达与cyclin D1和cyclin E的阳性表达呈正相关。结论：cyclin D1、cyclinE、c-myc共同参与调控细胞周期,可作为预测多形性腺瘤恶变和预后的分子生物学指标之一,是多形性腺瘤病理学分类的依据之一。     

单克隆抗体KM－93在涎腺及多形性腺瘤的免疫组织化学研究

采用抗人肺腺癌单克隆抗体ＫＭ－９３对正常人涎腺、胎儿涎腺和多形性腺瘤进行免疫组织化学研究。单抗ＫＭ－９３与浆液性细胞及部分导管细胞呈阳性反应，与肌上皮细胞、粘液细胞及多形性腺瘤中的粘液软骨样组织无反应。多形性腺瘤中可见阳性细胞形成腺泡样细胞团，也显示出阳性细胞具有的分泌功能。作者认为单克隆抗休ＫＭ－９３阳性细胞具有某些浆液性细胞的特点，在研究涎腺和涎腺肿后的组织结构及分化方面具有一定的使用价值。     

涎腺良恶性多形性腺瘤中癌基因C—myc表达的斑点杂交研究

目的 探讨癌基因Ｃ－ｍｙｃ的改变与良恶性多形性腺瘤发生的关系。方法 采用斑点杂交研究４２例涎腺良恶性多形性腺瘤中Ｃ－ｍｙｃ癌基因的表达。结果 涎腺多形性腺瘤中Ｃ－ｍｙｃ癌基因表达均值高于正常腮腺组织（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论 在涎腺良恶性多形性腺瘤的发生过程中,Ｃ－ｍｙｃ癌基因有激活和过量表达。     

细胞表面糖蛋白表达异常与涎腺多形性腺瘤复发的关系

目的　研究多形上皮粘蛋白1(mucin 1)和E-钙粘蛋白(E-cd)与涎腺多形性腺瘤复发的关系,探讨可预测 涎腺多形性腺瘤复发的指标。方法　以52例涎腺多形性腺瘤石蜡标本为研究对象,其中初发33例,复发12例,恶 性7例。采用显微镜观察肿瘤周围包膜的状况,免疫组织化学检测初发、复发、恶性多形性腺瘤细胞的mucin 1和 E-cd蛋白表达情况。结果　初发和复发多形性腺瘤的包膜状况差异无显著性(P>0·05)。初发多形性腺瘤细胞的 mucin 1蛋白表达阳性率(64%)与复发者(67%)的差异无显著性(P>0·05)。两者的差别表现为mucin 1阳性表达 部位分布不同,初发者主要为细胞顶膜染色(19/21),复发者主要为整个细胞膜染色(6/8),两者差异有显著性(P< 0·05);恶性多形性腺瘤染色部位与复发者相同,且阳性表达率显著升高。3种肿瘤的E-cd表达阳性率差异无显著 性(P>0·05)。结论　多形性腺瘤的包膜状况在预测其复发潜能上实际应用性不强,多形性腺瘤细胞E-cd的表达 改变与其复发潜能无显著关系。Mucin 1在多形性腺瘤细胞膜上的异常分布,使其倾向于向周围分散生长,这种异 常分布可作为预测多形性腺瘤复发的指标之一。     

涎腺良、恶性多形腺瘤中NOR的定量研究

临床病理工作中根据小块涎腺肿瘤活检组织进行诊断有时会遇到困难。近20年来核仁组织导体区(NOR)的银染技术(AgNOR)已被应用于良、恶性肿瘤的诊断和研究。本文对良、恶性多形性腺瘤各12例、慢性涎腺炎10例以及正常涎腺11例进行了银染 NOR 研究.结果发现,良、恶性多形性腺瘤之间,AgNOR 的数量有显著差异,大小形态方面也有区别。本研究提示,AgNOR技术在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤的鉴别中是一种具有实用价值的新途径,值得进一步研究。     

Cyclin D1在腮腺多形性腺瘤及瘤旁涎腺组织中的表达

目的:检测Cyclin D1在腮腺多形性腺瘤及瘤旁涎腺组织中mRNA和蛋白水平的表达,探讨其在腮腺多形性腺瘤发生发展中的作用。方法:分别通过RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测Cyclin D1在原发腮腺多形性腺瘤与瘤旁涎腺组织中mRNA和蛋白水平的表达情况;另外采用免疫组化法检测Cyclin D1在原发腮腺多形性腺瘤以及瘤旁涎腺组织石蜡组织标本中蛋白水平的表达情况。结果:RT-PCR和Western blot检测结果显示,CyclinD1在组织标本中mRNA和蛋白水平不仅在于肿瘤组织中有较强的表达,而且瘤旁涎腺组织中Cyclin D1也有一定量的表达。免疫组化检测结果显示,Cyclin D1在腮腺多形性腺瘤组织中有较高的表达,而在瘤旁涎腺组织中未见明显表达。结论:Cyclin D1可能参与腮腺多形性腺瘤的发生发展,有助于为临床诊断治疗提供一定的参考依据。     

涎腺疾病

基质金属蛋白酶-2、CD44v6在腮腺多形性腺瘤中的表达研究,涎腺内镜对慢性阻塞性涎腺炎的诊治价值,保留腮腺导管的腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤手术67例临床总结,腮腺肿物231例临床诊断和治疗分析,p16、p21在涎腺多形性腺瘤及恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达[编者按]     

涎腺多形性腺瘤118例报告

涎腺多形性腺瘤是涎腺肿瘤中最常见的一种疾病。我院自１９８１－０１～１９９７－０１共收治涎腺肿瘤１７２例，经病理确诊为多形性腺瘤的１３６例。现将资料完整的１１８例病例分析讨论如下：１临床资料１．１年龄与性别１１８例中，男６２例，女５６例。年龄最大者７０...     

p16、p21在涎腺多形性腺瘤及恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达

目的:研究涎腺多形性腺瘤及恶性多形性腺瘤中抑癌基因p16、癌基因rasp21的表达,探讨基因在涎腺多形性腺瘤及恶性多形性腺瘤发生发展中的作用。方法:应用免疫组化SABC法检测正常涎腺组织、多形性腺瘤及恶性多形性腺瘤中p16、p21的表达。结果:(1)p16表达:正常组阳性表达率为100%,良性组为95%,恶性组为82.5%。正常组与恶性组、良性组与恶性组相比存在显著性差异(P<0.05),正常组与良性组之间无统计学差别。(2)p21表达:正常组阳性表达率为0%,良性组为65%,恶性组为72.5%。正常组与良性组或恶性组相比均具有显著性差异(P<0.01),但良性组与恶性组相比无显著差别。结论: 1.p16基因变异在涎腺多形性腺瘤及恶性多形性腺瘤的发生发展中起一定作用;2.ras基因产物p21过表达可能对涎腺多形性腺瘤及恶性多形性腺瘤的早期发生起重要作用。     

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the buccal region is composed of salivary duct carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma components

A 73-year-old female presented with an asymptomatic mass in the left buccal region that she had first noticed 4 years earlier. The tumor, which was located in the buccal space, was clinically diagnosed as a salivary gland tumor and treated by excision. Histopathological examination revealed a capsule of connective tissue consisting of three different histopathological neoplastic areas in a large, fibrous, hyalinizing stromal background. The neoplastic lesion contained two malignant and one benign element, with histological characteristics consistent with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and pleomorphic adenoma (PA). The SCC nests showed no continuity with the buccal mucosa. Both the SCC and SDC nests were surrounded by non-atypical myoepithelial cells, suggesting that both components may have developed from transformation of metaplastic luminal epithelial cells of PA. The tumor was diagnosed as a non-invasive carcinoma (SCC and SDC) ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca-ex-PA). There was no evidence of recurrence 16 months after operation.     

基质金属蛋白酶在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达

目的:检测基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、膜型基质金属蛋白酶1(MT1-MMP)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂2(TIMP-2)及细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(EMMPRIN),在人正常涎腺组织和涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达,探讨其表达的生物学意义。方法:通过免疫组织化学技术SP法检测人66例正常涎腺组织、45例涎腺多形性腺瘤及42例涎腺恶性多形性腺瘤中,MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN的表达,采用χ2检验比较3种组织中MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN表达的差异。结果:MMP-2在人正常涎腺组织,涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的阳性表达率分别为9.09%、46.67%、85.71%;MT1-MMP在以上3种组织中的阳性表达率分别9.09%、53.33%、78.57%;TIMP-2在以上3种组织中的阳性表达率分别为10.61%、44.44%、59.52%;EMMPRIN在以上3种组织中的阳性表达率分别为13.64%、48.89%、83.33%。MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN在涎腺多形性腺瘤中的表达显著高于人正常涎腺组织,且MMP-2、MT1-MMP及EMMPRIN在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中表达的差异有统计学意义。结论:在涎腺多形性腺瘤中,MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN的表达与MMP-2的活化有关,且MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN有可能作为判断多形性腺瘤侵袭性的有效指标。     

COX-2、cyclinD1在多形性腺瘤和癌在多形性腺瘤中的表达及意义

目的：研究COX-2、cyclinD1在正常腮腺组织、多形性腺瘤（PA）和癌在多形性腺瘤中（CPA）的表达及相关性,探讨其在肿瘤复发、恶变中的作用.方法：应用免疫组化S-P法检测11例正常腮腺组织,40例PA及12例CPA中的COX-2和cyclinD1表达.结果：COX-2在PA初发瘤、PA复发瘤及CPA中的阳性表达率分别为34.4%、75%、83.3%,显著高于正常腮腺组织的9.09%（P＜0.05）,彼此间有显著性差异（P＜0.05）;cyclinD1在正常腮腺组织、PA初发瘤、PA复发瘤及CPA中的阳性表达率分别为0、37.5%、50%、75%,PA和CPA间阳性表达率有显著性差异（P＜0.05）,PA复发瘤中阳性表达率高于PA初发瘤,但无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;COX-2与cyclinD1在PA和CPA中的表达分别有显著相关性（P＜0.05）.结论：COX-2、cyclinD1在PA、CPA中的过表达与肿瘤的复发、恶变有明显关系,二者在PA、CPA的发生发展中可能具有一定的作用.     

下颌下腺非侵袭性恶性多形性腺瘤1例报告

唾液腺非侵袭性恶性多形性腺瘤(Ca-ex-PA)又称发生在多形性腺瘤中的原位癌,是较少见的病理类型,临床表现与良性多形性腺瘤相似,有条件完整切除肿瘤,复发或转移少见,预后良好.本文报告1例下颌下腺非侵袭性多形性腺瘤的临床病理学特征,认为鉴别非侵袭性Ca-ex-PA和侵袭性Ca-ex-PA对判断预后十分重要,并影响治疗方案的选择,WHO对唾液腺多形性腺瘤恶变的分型在肿瘤的生物学行为和预后方面具有实际意义.     

Maintaining a high level of suspicion for recurrent malignant disease: report of a case with periapical involvement

Aim: To report the unusual endodontic presentation and radiographic features of a subgroup of pleomorphic adenoma called carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and to stress the importance of maintaining a high level of suspicion in cases where primary or recurrent neoplasia is included in the differential diagnosis. SUMMARY: This paper describes a case in which a patient with a previous history of malignant neoplasm presented with signs and symptoms similar to a dental infection. The pathology report however confirmed recurrence of the previous tumour in a malignant fashion. The importance of maintaining a high level of suspicion in early management of such disease is highlighted. KEY LEARNING POINTS: *Pleomorphic adenomas, also known as benign mixed tumours, are common salivary gland tumours, which infrequently undergo malignant transformation, with potentially devastating consequences. *Malignant salivary gland tumours can present as dental swelling, dental pain and sudden loss of vitality of teeth so both general practitioners and specialists have the responsibility to evaluate such patients with a broad vision. *Radiographic differential diagnosis of periapical radiolucency should also include malignant salivary gland tumours. *This case highlights the need of vigilance at all times and emphasizes the benefits of biopsy and histological examination in the diagnosis of recurrent malignant salivary gland tumours.     

An immunohistochemical study of XIAP expression in pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma

Background: X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins family of caspase inhibitors. Expression of XIAP in various neoplasms has been associated with aggressive behavior. The biological progression from pleomorphic adenoma (PA) to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) has been poorly understood. We studied XIAP expression by immunohistochemistry in PA and CXPA. Materials and methods: Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded representative sections of 14 cases of PA and seven cases of CXPA (four invasive and three intracapsular) were stained with anti‐XIAP (# 610763; BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) following citrate‐based antigen retrieval. Granular cytoplasmic staining was considered positive and intensity was assessed from weak (1+) to strong (3+). PAs were morphologically evaluated for cellularity, cytological atypia and mitotic activity. Results: Of the seven PAs composed mostly of myxohyaline stroma with scattered ductal elements, two tumors showed no staining and five showed rare (<1%) 1+ positive cells. Of seven more cellular PAs, five had sheets of tumor cells comprising more than 50% of the tumor and two had sheets comprising more than 80% of the tumor (cellular PA), focal to diffuse 2+ to 3+ staining was observed. Tumor cells with strong staining often exhibited cytological atypia in the form of nuclear enlargement and contour irregularity, prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitotic activity was occasionally seen in cellular areas expressing XIAP. All cases of CXPA demonstrated diffuse 3+ staining in the carcinomatous component and 1+ to focally 3+ staining in cellular areas of the underlying PA. Conclusion: Increased expression of XIAP from PA to cellular PA to CXPA and in atypical cells within cellular areas of PA adds to our growing understanding of defective apoptotic pathways in malignant transformation in this group of salivary gland tumors and suggests an adenoma to adenocarcinoma model of progression. Further correlation with other oncogene expression may provide insight into the multiple molecular pathways that are affected in these tumors. Targeted therapy of XIAP may play a future role in the management of CXPA.     

A ciliated cyst as a component of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

A large cyst, lined with ciliated cells (ciliated cyst), was found as a component of a pleomorphic adenoma of the left parotid gland in a 34-year-old Japanese man. The dimensions of the tumor were 25 × 33 mm and it consisted of a solid mass with a centrally located cyst 20 × 23 mm. which contained yellowish-brown material of muddy consistency. The tumor was encapsulated and the solid mass had features typical of a pleomorphic adenoma. The inner surface of the cyst was lined with ciliated cells and scattered mucus-secreting cells in addition to cuboidal-to-flattened cells. In some regions, the neoplastic cells of the pleomorphic adenoma were exposed to the cavity of the cyst. A histological transformation from ciliated cells to pleomorphic adenomatous cells was also observed. These findings indicated that the ciliated epithelium was an element of the tumor. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a ciliated cyst derived from some elements of a pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland.     

MMP-9和VEGF在腮腺多形性腺瘤中的表达研究

目的 研究MMP-9和VEGF在腮腺多形性腺瘤中的表达情况及其与肿瘤良恶性的关系。方法 应用荧光实时定量PCR和Western blotting方法检测32对多形性腺瘤及其瘤旁组织中MMP-9和VEGF的表达。结果 32例多形性腺瘤中26例为良性,6例为恶性。MMP-9和VEGF的mRNA和蛋白表达量在多形性腺瘤组织中高于瘤旁组织（P＜0.05）;在恶性多形性腺瘤组织中高于良性多形性腺瘤组织（P＜0.05）。结论 MMP-9和VEGF在腮腺多形性腺瘤中高表达,并且可能与腮腺多形性腺瘤的恶变相关;腮腺多形性腺瘤肿瘤外1 cm为安全切除界限。