锥颅穿刺血肿抽吸引流术治疗脑出血43例临床分析

目的探讨锥颅穿刺血肿抽吸引流术治疗脑出血的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析43例脑出血患者(出血量30-120ml)行锥颅穿刺血肿抽吸引流术治疗的临床资料。结果穿刺成功率100％，存活35例，死亡8例，死亡率18．6％。结论锥颅穿刺血肿抽吸引流术治疗脑出血，简便易行，创伤小，安全可靠，降低死亡率。     

CT定向锥颅治疗脑出血68例临床观察

目的:探讨CT定向锥颅治疗高血压性脑出血,提高患者的生存率,降低死亡率。对68例患者进行临床回顾性分析。方法:采用CT定向锥颅穿刺抽吸血肿。结果:68例患者治疗结果显示:良好51例,不良17例,其中死亡6例,良好占75%。发病至锥颅治疗时间2～48 h,平均32 h。结论:对高血压性脑出血患者实施CT定向锥颅治疗能有效提高其生存率。     

锥颅抽吸引流术治疗高血压脑出血40例疗效观察

目的 探讨锥颅抽吸术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效和适应症.方法 通过对40例高血压脑出血锥颅抽吸术患者的回顾性分析,对不同血肿量患者的临床疗效和血肿平均清除率进行分类比较.结果 对大量出血(出血量大于80毫升者不宜采用锥颅抽吸术,小量或中等量出血采用锥颅抽吸术可提高其生存质量;手术时机与临床疗效密切相关,24小时之内施术者临床疗效最佳.结论 高血压脑出血患者的治疗应以不同的血肿量选择不同的治疗方式;手术时机的选择宜在24小时之内进行.     

微创术治疗高血压性脑出血30例体会

颅钻孔穿刺抽吸引流的手术方法,因损伤小被称为微创术。高血压性脑出血是临床常见的急危重症之一,多发生于中老年人,死亡率和致残率都很高。我院自1999—2005年对30例高血压性脑出血应用锥颅血肿穿刺抽吸以及侧脑室置管引流术,效果良好,现报告如下。     

经额锥颅穿刺基底节血肿抽吸外引流术治疗高血压基底节区脑出血的疗效分析

目的：探讨经额锥颅穿刺基底节血肿抽吸外引流术治疗高血压基底节区脑出血的临床疗效。方法选取2013年1月至2014年12月就诊于我院神经外科的60例高血压基底节脑出血患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组应用经额锥颅穿刺血肿抽吸外引流术,对照组应用经颞部穿刺血肿引流术,观察比较两组术后30 d神经功能评分、并发症及病死率。结果术后30 d观察组的神经功能评分明显高于对照组,并发症及死亡率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论与经颞部穿刺血肿引流术相比,经额锥颅穿刺基底节血肿抽吸外引流术治疗高血压基底节区脑出血可降低患者致残率、并发症,简单可行,值得基层医院推广使用。     

微创锥颅抽吸引流术治疗老年高血压性脑出血疗效分析

目的 探讨微创锥颅抽吸引流术治疗老年高血压性脑出血的效果.方法 将2013年4月—2015年3月我院收治的62例老年高血压性脑出血患者随机分为2组,分别采用微创锥颅抽吸引流术和开颅血肿清除术治疗,对比2组血肿清除率、神经功能缺损程度及日常生活能力等指标.结果 微创组在血肿吸收时间、术后ADL1~2级、术后GCS评分等方面均优于开颅组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 与开颅手术相比,采用微创锥颅抽吸引流术治疗高血压性脑出血有助于缩短血肿吸收时间,改善神经功能缺损,提高患者日常生活能力,适于各级医院开展.     

颅锥钻孔抽吸、尿激酶灌注治疗高血压性脑出血

目的：探讨颅锥钻孔抽吸血肿加尿激酶灌注引流治疗高血压性脑出血的疗效。方法：对50例高血压性脑出血病例进行颅锥钻孔加尿激酶灌注治疗。结果：总有效率为68%，术后第7天复查CT颅内血肿清除率为65%。结论：颅锥钻孔抽吸血肿加尿激酶灌注引流治疗高血压性脑出血疗效显著，操作简单。不需要贵重仪器，可以推广应用。     

高血压脑出血两种术式治疗的临床研究

目的 探讨高血压脑出血的合适手术方法,评估各个手术方法的临床疗效,为临床治疗提供依据。方法 分别采用大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术、锥颅血肿抽吸引流术治疗高血压脑出共131例,其中大骨瓣组64例常规开颅手术显微镜下清除血肿,锥颅组67例,根据头CT选择血肿最大层面进行锥颅穿刺抽吸,尿激酶冲洗引流血肿。结果 锥颅组手术时间大为缩短为(0.5±0.2)h,术后GCS评分锥颅组平均12.46,开颅组平均10.24,再出血率锥颅组9/67（13.43%）,开颅组8/64(12.50%),预后GOS评分锥颅组术后神经功能恢复率高于开颅组,植物生存及死亡率低于开颅组,两组致残率接近。结论 早期锥颅穿刺抽吸引流术微创、操作简便、短时、安全有效,是治疗高血压脑出血的有效方法之一。     

锥颅抽吸引流术治疗55例高血压性脑出血患者的临床疗效观察及护理

目的：探讨锥颅抽吸引流术治疗高血压性脑出血患者的临床疗效观察及护理情况。方法：对我院2009年10月～2010年3月收治的55例高血压性脑出血患者采用锥颅抽吸引流术治疗,并采取针对性的护理措施,观察患者的临床恢复情况。结果：55例患者中,恢复效果达Ⅰ级者7例,Ⅱ级者9例,Ⅲ级者18例,Ⅳ级者10例,Ⅴ级者5例,死亡6例,患者恢复有效率为61.8%。经过治疗及护理,患者的血压略有降低（P〉0.05）,血肿量明显减少（P〈0.05）。结论：对高血压脑出血患者采用锥颅抽吸引流术治疗并采取针对性的护理措施可以获得满意的临床疗效,值得临床关注。     

锥颅穿刺血肿抽吸引流术治疗高血压脑出血临床研究

锥颅穿刺血肿抽吸引流术治疗高血压脑出血是近年来应用于临床的一种新的治疗方法。现将我院1999年10月至2003年5月我科手术治疗的高血压幕上脑出血病人86例，总结报告如下：     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.