冠脉旋磨术在冠脉钙化病变中的应用效果

目的分析冠脉旋磨术在冠脉钙化病变中的应用效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析36例应用冠脉旋磨术治疗的冠脉严重钙化病变患者的临床资料,观察患者的手术治疗情况、冠脉病变血管变化情况、心功能指标、术后随访及不良事件发生情况。结果36例患者手术成功率为97.22%,手术治疗过程中未出现冠脉穿孔、心肌梗死、心源性死亡等并发症。术后,患者血管狭窄率显著低于术前,管腔直径显著大于术前(P<0.05)。所有患者均在术后半年复查心脏彩超,术前及术后半年的左室舒张末期内径、左室射血分数比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。术后随访1年,36例患者均未再发心绞痛、靶血管重建、心肌梗死以及心源性死亡等不良事件。结论冠脉旋磨术治疗冠脉严重钙化病变的远期疗效好,安全性高。     

冠状动脉造影中严重冠状动脉痉挛1例

患者女,68岁.因"头晕5年,黑朦、胸闷5个月,加重1个月"入院.入院诊断为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、病态窦房结综合征、高血压3级.动态心电图:窦性心动过缓(最慢约31次/分)、室上性期前收缩,部分构成短阵房速、停搏(2.82 s).     

PCI治疗冠心病的疗效评估

目的 :评估经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗术 (PCI)治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 (CHD)的疗效。方法 :分析 2 0 0 2年 10月～ 2 0 0 4年 6月接受PCI治疗的患者的临床资料 ,均以标准方法行冠状动脉造影 (CAG )和介入治疗。手术成功标准为 :残余狭窄 <2 0 % ,TIMI血流 3级 ,且无围术期严重并发症 (死亡、急性心肌梗死、急性冠状动脉旁路移植术 )。结果 :14 7例 182处冠状动脉病变内植入 180只支架 ,植入成功率 98 9% ,术后随访效果良好。结论 :PCI对CHD患者是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

冠状动脉血流储备在冠状动脉微血管病变中的应用进展

冠状动脉微血管病变（CMVD）普遍存在于无梗阻性冠状动脉疾病的胸痛患者中,并与不良心血管预后相关。测定冠状动脉血流储备（CFR）是评价CMVD的有效方法之一。临床上可通过多种有创或无创性检查方法定量测定CFR,对早期诊断CMVD、预后评估及制定临床治疗方案等均有重要价值。本文就CFR在CMVD中的应用进展进行综述。     

介入治疗对冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变患者的远期效果

目的 探讨冠状动脉（冠脉）慢性闭塞病变（CTO）介入治疗成功对患者生活质量及预后的影响.方法 经皮冠脉介入治疗CTO 87例,57例成功开通闭塞冠脉并置入支架（开通组）,30例闭塞冠脉未开通（未开通组）.观察两组患者生活自理能力、生活质量及预后.结果 两组临床随访6～60个月,开通组的生活质量明显优于未开通组,死亡率无显著性差异.结论 介入治疗可改善冠脉CTO患者的临床症状及生活质量.     

Prasugrel in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Currently, dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel represents the key treatment strategy for the prevention of ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and/or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, there is a broad inter-individual response variability to such treatment strategy, and a considerable number of patients persist with inadequate platelet inhibition, which has been associated with an increased risk of ischemic events. Overall, these findings underscore the need for novel antiplatelet agents able to achieve greater platelet inhibition; this can potentially reduce ischemic event rates. Prasugrel (CS-747; LY 640315), a novel third-generation oral thienopyridine, is a specific, irreversible antagonist of the platelet adenosine diphosphate P2Y₁₂ receptor. Laboratory studies have shown prasugrel to be associated with more prompt, potent and predictable degrees of platelet inhibition compared with clopidogrel. In a large-scale clinical study, which was comprised of high-risk ACS patients undergoing PCI, prasugrel was shown to significantly reduce the short- and long-term risk of ischemic events, including stent thrombosis. However, such significant reduction in ischemic events occurred at the expense of a higher risk of bleeding. Recent clinical trial data analyses have led to a better understanding of the efficacy and safety of prasugrel. This article reviews the currently available data regarding the efficacy and safety of prasugrel in ACS patients.     

血管内超声与冠状动脉造影在冠状动脉支架置入中的应用比较

目的:冠状动脉支架置入已成为治疗冠状动脉狭窄性病变的主要方法,支架治疗策略的选择成为主要技术问题,文章对冠脉造影后的血管狭窄分析和血管内超声成像的血管分析应用效价进行探讨.方法:根据文献报道对冠状动脉造影血管狭窄分析及血管内超声在冠脉支架置入前后的应用,结合南昌大学第二附属医院冠状动脉支架置入前后的血管造影及血管内超声的应用进行对比分析.结果:冠状动脉造影对支架置入前后的影像学造影检查,只能观其血管外壁形态、血流变化.对管腔黏膜病变情况、内支架贴壁情况,支架是否完全对称性扩张,以及支架对病变段的覆盖情况,不能精确显示.血管内超声对靶血管的狭窄程度、血管内斑块及黏膜病变情况能够精确实时显示,可实时显示支架是否完全扩张,支架扩张是否均匀对称,支架对血管壁斑块的挤压支撑情况如何.结论:血管内超卢在冠脉支架置入前后的应用,较冠状动脉造影更能全面的评价血管内病变情况,对支架的选取策略及支架释放后的评价与指导,防止血管内再狭窄具有重要的意义.     

经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉介入治疗在老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者中的应用

目的观察老年急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经桡动脉穿刺途径冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的可行性、近期疗效及并发症的发生情况。方法选择年龄70岁以上因ACS住院接受PCI术的老年患者,术前经检查桡动脉搏动良好,Allen试验阳性,适宜行桡动脉置管,并选择经桡动脉穿刺PCI者51例为桡动脉组,对照组97例为同时期年龄70岁以上采取经股动脉穿刺PCI的ACS者(股动脉组)。观察两组PCI成功率和近期临床疗效以及与穿刺有关的并发症的发生率,记录和统计患者术后绝对卧床时间和住院天数。结果两组血管病变特征基本相同。桡动脉组PCI的成功率为94.1%,股动脉组为96.9%,两组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术中造影剂用量和X线曝光时间两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访两组心功能和主要心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但与穿刺有关的并发症的发生率桡动脉组(2.0%)显著低于股动脉组(21.7%)(P<0.01)。桡动脉组术后平均绝对卧床时间和平均住院天数均明显短于股动脉组(分别P<0.01和P<0.05)。结论与经股动脉穿刺相比,老年ACS患者经桡动脉穿刺途径PCI具有相同的疗效,但术后患者卧床时间短,恢复快,与穿刺有关的并发症明显减少。     

Psychology in coronary care

Psychological stress has been implicated in the onset and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD). Recent research has highlighted the importance of depression and anxiety as independent risk factors for mortality in cardiac patients. Accordingly, it is critical that clinically significant levels of distress are identified, both in-hospital and after discharge, to target patients who require specific psychological intervention, in addition to conventional cardiac rehabilitation. Ameliorating distress has been shown to improve adherence to treatment advice, such as modifying cardiac risk factors, compliance with medication regimens, and attendance at exercise programmes, which in turn should reduce cardiac morbidity and mortality. The emphasis within cardiac rehabilitation should be on tailoring provision to meet individual patients' needs.     

冠状动脉多支病变对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者住院期间预后的影响

目的 了解冠状动脉多支病变对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者的临床特点及对住院期间预后的影响。方法 连续入选接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征患者。根据冠状动脉造影结果,分为单支病变组35例,多支病变组37例,分析两组临床特点及住院期间心脏不良事件（MACE）的发生情况。结果 多支病变组年龄,高血压病,糖尿病,吸烟,入院时血糖,甘油三酯明显高于单支病变组（P<0.05）。且多支病变组术前左心室射血分数低于单支病变组（P=0.001）。与单支病变组比较,多支病变组MACE发生率明显升高（P<0.05）。单因素分析得出,多支病变、糖尿病、入院时血糖、肌酐为MACE事件的危险因素,通过Logistic回归分析,入院时血糖为MACE事件的独立危险因子（OR=1.526,P=0.009）。结论 急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者合并冠状动脉多支病变时,具有多重危险因素,心脏主要不良事件发生率高。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术中反复血流阻断对心肌缺血预适应的影响

目的：评价经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）中短时、反复的血流阻断再灌注是否具有抗急性缺血预适应现象及缺血相关性心律失常的作用。方法：连续观察１３８例住院接受ＰＴＣＡ术的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者术前及术中的心电图、心率和血压等指标变化。结果：①３３例（２３．９％）患者术中出现室性早搏（ＶＥ）３８例次，其中３０例于首次球囊扩张时发生了ＶＥ，９例记录到ＶＥ二联律或成对ＶＥ；８例于再次球囊扩张时出现ＶＥ；其中５例２次扩张时均出现ＶＥ。第１次球囊扩张时的ＶＥ检出率（２１．７％）显著高于第２次（５．８％，Ｐ＜０．０１）。②首次球囊扩张时７３例（５２．９％）出现ＳＴＴ改变，再次球囊扩张时３１例（２２．５％）有ＳＴＴ改变（Ｐ＜０．０１）；③出现ＶＥ的３８例次患者的冠脉狭窄程度（７４．０％±１１．０％）轻于无ＶＥ出现者（８５．０％±１２．０％，Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：短时反复的冠脉闭塞再灌注过程可减轻缺血心肌细胞的电不稳定性；同时于首次球囊扩张后血流再灌注的心肌对急性缺血可产生较强的适应现象。     

Assessment of coronary artery stenosis pressure gradient by quantitative coronary arteriography in patients with coronary artery disease

Summary. The aim of the study described here was to correlate coronary artery (CA) stenosis pressure gradients calculated by quantitative coronary arteriography (QCA) to invasively measured transstenotic pressure drops in patients with anginal symptoms and with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Furthermore, the known mathematical models are improved by introducing (1) pressure catheter-corrected minimal stenosis area, (2) modification of flow assumptions, and (3) stenosis exit angle. Included in the study were 45 patients with 61 stenoses. The visually estimated CA lesion severity in these non-complex stenoses was in the equivocal range of 40–70%. All measurements were performed after intracoronary administration of nifedipine and nitroglycerine. Stenosis dimensions were assessed from magnified cinefilms, using handheld calipers. Highly significant overall correlation was found between measured and calculated pressure gradients with correction for the impact of the intracoronary catheter (P < 0–00001, r= 0–84). In particular, a substantial number of stenoses with haemody-namically-insignificant pressure gradients were identified by hydrodynamic calculations. In conclusion, the great majority of the coronary artery stenoses could be classified reliably by QCA as being haemodynamically insignificant or significant, respectively.,     

Analysis of anomalous origin of coronary arteries by coronary angiography in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease

With the development of coronary angiography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, its clinical significance in detecting coronary artery anomalies and evaluating the seriousness is attracting more attention. In the study we aimed to assess the prevalence of anomalous origin of coronary arteries in a Chinese population who underwent coronary angiography for coronary artery disease, and explore any patterns in the common variants and typical anomalies, especially the potentially serious ones. Patients who underwent coronary angiography from January 2013 to December 2016 in Fuwai Hospital were included. Baseline characteristics and angiographic data were collected, the incidence of anomalous origin of coronary arteries was calculated, and the typical patterns were analyzed. Comparisons between the present results and those of existing reports were also conducted. A total of 110,158 patients were included in the study, among which 0.76% (835 cases) had anomalous origin of coronary arteries. Among the anomalies, the incidences of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (RCA), the left coronary artery (LCA), both the RCA and LCA, single coronary artery (SCA) and dextrocardia were 76.76% (641 cases), 14.61% (122 cases), 1.80% (15 cases), 4.67% (39 cases) and 2.16% (18 cases), respectively. Moreover, 47.54% (397 cases) of the anomalies were shown to be potentially serious, and an RCA arising from the left sinus of Valsalva (LSV) was the most common subtype (39.28%, 328 cases). Although anomalous origin of coronary arteries is not quite common, more clinical attention should be paid to this condition due to the potential risk of serious sequelae.     

冠状动脉CTA在疑诊急性冠脉综合征中的临床应用进展

因急性胸痛就诊的患者多被疑诊为急性冠脉综合征（ACS）,为明确诊断或排除ACS而采取的各种检查手段可致医疗费用增加。无创心脏影像技术发展迅速,诊断急性胸痛及疑诊ACS更准确和全面。恰当地应用冠状动脉CTA（CCTA）,必要时联合CT心肌灌注成像是对传统策略的有效补充,更有利于诊断及评估预后。本文对CCTA在疑诊ACS中的临床应用进展进行综述。