99Tcm-MIBI甲状腺显像鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性再认识

目的评价^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）甲状腺亲肿瘤显像鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的临床价值。方法106例甲状腺结节手术患者中101例先进行了甲状腺结节常^99Tc^mO4^-显像；106例患者均静脉注射^99Tc^m-MIBI 370 MBq后进行15min早期和2h延迟显像，结果与病理检查结果对比。结果13例甲状腺恶性肿瘤中的5例、93例良性结节中的23例^99Tc^m-MIBI显像阳性。^99Tc^m-MIBI显像诊断甲状腺恶性肿瘤的灵敏度为38．5％，特异性为75．3％，准确性为70．8％。甲状腺良恶性肿瘤显像的阳性率差异无显著性（x^2=0．49，P〉0．05）。结论^99Tc^m-MIBI显像不能鉴别甲状腺结节的良恶性，其临床意义有限。     

^99mTc-MIBI甲状腺显像半定量分析鉴别甲状腺结节的价值

目的评价99mTc-MIBI甲状腺显像半定量分析法鉴别甲状腺结节的价值.材料和方法36例Na99mTcO4甲状腺显像为单发"冷结节"患者,行99mTc-MIBI甲状腺双时相显像,分别计算15和120min甲状腺结节摄取比值(ER、DR),以良性结节组的DR均值+标准差(0.90+0.21)为诊断恶性病变的阈值.结果手术证实良性病变22例,ER与DR值分别为0.89±0.33、0.90±0.21,恶性病变14例,ER和DR值分别为1.16±0.51、1.34±0.64,ER值两组间比较无差异(p＞0.05),DR两组间比较有显著性差异(p＜0.01).99mTc-MIBI甲状腺显像DR值诊断良恶性病变的灵敏度85.7%,特异性86.4%,阳性预测值80.0%,阴性预测值90.5%.结论99mTc-MIBI甲状腺显像半定量分析能较好的鉴别甲状腺结节的性质,DR比ED更有价值.     

超声与核素显像诊断甲状腺结节的对比研究

目的：探讨超声和核素显像法诊断甲状腺结节的价值。材料和方法：对比研究超声和核素显像诊断经手术病理证实的１００例甲状腺结节。结果：核素显像中,冷（凉）、温、热结节分别占７５％、１９％、６％;冷（凉）、温结节中甲状腺癌分别为８％和１１％,热结节中未见恶性存在。超声检查诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的敏感性６２５％、特异性９６７％、准确性９４％、阳性预测值６２５％、阴性预测值９６７％、假阴性３／８和假阳性３例。结论：甲状腺扫描能反映结节摄取９９ｍＴｃＯ４－功能,据此可判断肿瘤性质,但存在一定困难;超声对甲状腺结节具有定性诊断价值,但对恶性结节诊断时存在假阴性和假阳性。     

99Tcm-MIBI显像对甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断价值的研究

目的 观察99Tcm-MIBI甲状腺结节双时相显像的特征,对照病理学检查结果,探讨99Tcm-MIBI早期及延迟显像对甲状腺良恶性结节的鉴别诊断价值.方法 89例经手术病理证实的甲状腺病变患者,其中,甲状腺癌患者38例,甲状腺良性病变患者51例,分别行甲状腺99Tcm-MIBI早期显像及延迟显像,对比分析早期及延迟显像中两组患者的T/NT值.结果 99Tcm-MIBI早期显像中,甲状腺癌组T/NT值(1.32±0.03)与甲状腺良性病变组T/NT值(1.26±0.22)相比,差异无统计学意义(t=0.63,P＞0.05).99Tcm-MIBI延迟显像中,甲状腺癌组T/NT值(1.72±0.39)较甲状腺良性病变组T/NT值(1.20±0.36)增高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.45,P＜0.05).结论 甲状腺99Tcm-MIBI早期显像对甲状腺癌的诊断有较高的灵敏度,但特异性较低;99Tcm-MIBI延迟显像能提高诊断的特异性,对甲状腺结节良、恶性的鉴别有较好效果.     

彩色多普勒超声对探测触诊阴性乳腺结节的临床意义（附328例分析）

目的探讨超声对探测触诊阴性乳腺结节的临床意义。方法328例触诊阴性乳腺结节患者均经彩色多普勒超声检查,其中年龄大于35岁者又经乳腺镏靶X线检查,全部患耆的超声检查结果与病理进行对照。结果在328例触诊阴性乳腺结节患者中,术前超声检出最大直径小于1cm的乳腺结节病灶共465个,其中,单发结节者160例,多发结节着168例,超声诊断良性结节者326例,恶性结节者2例,2例恶性误诊为良性。与病理对照,本组患者超声诊断敏感性为50％,特异性为100％,准确性为99．39％。结论超声提示触诊阴性的乳腺结节多为良性病变;彩色多普勒超声是尽甲发现本病的首选方法。     

~(99)Tc~m-HL91乏氧细胞分子显像对甲状腺冷结节的诊断价值

目的 :探讨99Tcm-HL91乏氧细胞分子显像对甲状腺冷结节的诊断价值。方法 :对30例99TcmO4-甲状腺扫描提示为冷结节的患者术前行99Tcm-HL91早(10 min)、中(2 h)、晚(4 h)三时相显像,对显像结果进行定性和半定量分析,并对照病理结果。30例中,经病理或细针穿刺活检证实恶性病变18例,良性病变12例。结果 :根据病理检查结果 ,99Tcm-HL91乏氧细胞定性诊断的灵敏度、特异度及准确度分别为88.9%(16/18)、83.3%(10/12)、86.7%(26/30)。半定量分析:延迟4 h诊断的灵敏度、特异度及准确度分别为94.4%(17/18)、91.7%(11/12)、93.3%(28/30);良性组与恶性组三时相的靶本比值(T/N)、早期摄取比值(ER)、延迟2 h摄取比值(DR1)、延迟4 h摄取比值(DR2)差异均有统计学意义,良性组与恶性组的延迟2 h滞留指数(RI1)差异无统计学意义,延迟4 h滞留指数(RI2)差异有统计学意义。结论:99Tcm-HL91乏氧细胞分子显像对甲状腺孤立冷结节良恶性的鉴别诊断有一定的临床价值;半定量分析较定性分析更能准确鉴别结节性质;延迟4 h显像较2 h更能提高诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确度。     

99m Tc-MIBI SPECT对脑肿瘤恶性程度的诊断价值

目的:对99mTc-MIBI脑肿瘤SPECT同病理分级之问的关系进行研究.材料和方法:28例怀疑为脑肿瘤患者和5例脑转移瘤患者(平均年龄50.2±15.6岁)行99mTc-MIBI SPECT显像.根据术后病理诊断分组:良性或低度恶性病变组和高度恶性肿瘤组.结果:良性或低度恶性肿瘤组和高度恶性肿瘤组的早期相99mTc-MIBI摄取率分别为3.17±3.00、4.90±2.85,P=0.136;两组的延迟相99mTc-MIBI摄取率分别为2.75±2.49、6.81±4.18,经统计学检验两者P=0.011;两组滞留率分别为-0.42±0.65、1.91±2.30,经统计学检验两者P=0.006;两组滞留指数分别为-8.2%±21.3%,39.4%±51.1%,P=0.011.结论:99mTc-MIBI脑肿瘤SPECT可对了解脑肿瘤良、恶性提供一定帮助.滞留率和滞留指数由于反映的是脑肿瘤细胞内示踪剂的动态过程,因此具有较高的鉴别价值,尤以滞留率更佳.99mTc-MIBI脑肿瘤SPECT可在术前同CT或MRI影像学检查起到互补作用.     

99Tcm-MIBI半定量显像对甲状腺癌的诊断价值

目的评价半定量99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)显像法对甲状腺癌的诊断价值.方法对269例经病理检查或细胞学证实的甲状腺结节患者的99Tcm-MIBI显像结果进行分析,计算其5和60 min摄取比值(UR),并以甲状腺良性结节组UR值的+s为诊断阈值,分析假阳性和假阴性.结果甲状腺良性结节组5和60 min UR分别为0.806±0.192和0.847±0.189,而甲状腺癌组UR值分别为1.839±0.734和1.675±0.551,同组两时相比较P>0.05,而组间两时相比较P<0.001.以良性结节组+s为诊断阈值,99Tcm-MIBI对甲状腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为89.24%、93.82%和87.36%,假阳性率和假阴性率分别为15.78%和12.09%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为 77.57% 和93.83%.结论 99Tcm-MIBI半定量显像能较好地鉴别甲状腺结节的良恶性,但缺乏特异性,甲状腺腺瘤和结节性甲状腺肿易出现假阳性.     

高频超声在甲状腺良恶性结节中的诊断价值

目的:探讨高频彩超检查在甲状腺结节良恶性诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的47例共98个甲状腺结节的二维声像图及彩色多普勒显像资料,并总结其声像图特征。结果:98个病灶中超声诊断为良性结节75个,病理确诊良性70个,良性结节的超声诊断符合率约93.3%;超声诊断恶性结节23个,病理确诊恶性19个,恶性结节超声诊断符合率约82.6%,总符合率90.8%(89/98)。结论:高频彩超检查对甲状腺结节的良恶性诊断有较高应用价值。     

180例甲状腺结节显像与病理分析

目的：评价甲状腺显像鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良，恶性的临床价值。方法：１８０例甲状腺结节患行甲状腺＾９９ｍＴｃＯ＾－４显像，并将其与病理结果进行对比研究。结果：甲状腺结节显像呈冷结节１５８例（８７．８％），温结节７例（３．９％），热结节３例（１．７％），甲状腺不显影或显极淡１２例（其病理诊断为“亚急性甲状腺炎”）（６．７％）。     

Tl-201 thyroid imaging in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules

To evaluate the value of Tl-201 thyroid imaging in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules, 58 patients with histologically proven thyroid masses were studied. The nature of the thyroid tumor was initially assessed by Tc-99m scans. Early and delayed Tl-201 thyroid imaging were performed in all patients, and thallium uptake and clearance in the cold nodules were assessed visually. Of the 20 patients with histologically proven malignant nodules, 19 showed increased Tl-201 activity in both the early and delayed images, indicating a sensitivity of 95%. On the other hand, 35 out of the 38 patients with benign nodules showed no increased thallium activity in the nodules on the delayed images, indicating a specificity of 92%. When early thallium images were analyzed separately, the sensitivity was 100% but the specificity was only 37%. By combining early and delayed Tl-201 images, differentiation between benign and malignant cold nodules is feasible. False-positive and false-negative cases will be discussed.     

Thallium-201 scintigraphy in the evaluation of thyroid nodules A retrospective study of 246 cases

There is controversy at present concerning the value of Tl-201 scintigraphy in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules. The usefulness of Tl-201 scintigraphy in differentiating benign from malignant nodules was evaluated retrospectively. Tl-201 scintigraphy was performed in 101 patients with malignant thyroid nodules and in 145 with benign nodules. Early and late images were examined to compare Tl-201 uptake in nodules and normal thyroid tissue. The visual method resulted in 74 % of sensitivity and 58 % of specificity for the detection of malignant nodules including incidental cancers. Excluding incidental cancers, 87 % sensitivity and 58 % specificity were achieved. Small cancers, including incidental cancers less than 1.5 cm in diameter and small number of viable tumor cells in a large tumor also gave negative Tl-201 scintigraphic results. Forty-two percent of the benign lesions gave false positive Tl-201 scintigraphic results. It is concluded that Tl-201 scintigraphy is a sensitive and useful method to use in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules, but is not a specific method even with late scan, for the detection of malignant thyroid nodules.     

Differentiation of malignant and benign solitary thyroid nodules using 30- and 120-minute tc-99m MIBI scans

Technetium-99m methoxy isobutylisonitrate (MIBI) has been found to be taken up by various tumors, including thyroid cancer. We prospectively evaluated 77 patients with cold thyroid solitary nodules on Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy to evaluate the diagnostic value of Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy. The aim of this study was to find out if thyroid nodules can be characterized on the basis of retention of MIBI and whether preoperative evaluation of malignancy is possible using this method. Single injection, dual-phase (30 and 120 minutes) thyroid scintigraphy using Tc-99m MIBI was performed in all these patients. In the following days and weeks, all patients underwent surgery. Using the 120/30-minute thyroid lesion to background radiouptake ratio (RUR), malignant and benign thyroid nodules could be separated with a sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of 84.4%, 95.45%, and 93.33%, respectively. The mean RUR for malignant thyroid lesions was found to be 1.57+/-0.32, whereas for benign lesions, the ratio was significantly lower, 0.32+/-0.19. In conclusion, fine needle aspiration cytology along with the 120/30 minutes Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy ratio appears to be useful in the preoperative assessment of solitary thyroid nodules.     

Role of 99mTc-Tetrofosmin delayed scintigraphy and color Doppler sonography in characterization of solitary thyroid nodules

OBJECTIVES: A study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of Tc-Tetrofosmin scan and color Doppler in the characterization of benign and malignant solitary thyroid nodules. METHODS: Fifty-two patients found to have a cold solitary thyroid nodule on Tc-pertechnetate scintigraphy were included in this study. All patients underwent a single-injection dual-phase (30 min and 120 min) Tc-Tetrofosmin scan. The intranodular vascularity was measured using color Doppler sonography. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed on all the patients. In the following days and weeks all patients underwent surgery. RESULTS: Thirteen out of 15 patients with thyroid cancer showed delayed retention of radiotracer (on 120 min images as compared to the initial 30 min image). Thirty-six out of 37 patients harboring benign solitary nodules showed significant washout of tracer on delayed images. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of delayed Tc-Tetrofosmin scintigraphy were found to be 86.6, 97.2, 92.8 and 94.7%, respectively. The Doppler study was able to demonstrate increased vascularity in the center of 8 of the 15 malignant nodules. Thirty-two patients harboring a benign solitary nodule showed normal or increased peripheral vascularity on Doppler study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of color Doppler were found to be 53.5, 86.4, 61.5 and 82%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Delayed Tc-Tetrofosmin scintigraphy is a highly sensitive and specific method for characterizing solitary thyroid nodules, while color Doppler has a low sensitivity but relatively high specificity in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesions.     

探讨超声弹性成像对甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断的应用价值

目的:研究超声弹性成像在鉴别甲状腺良、恶性结节临床诊断中的应用价值。方法:对术前52例(93个)甲状腺结节进行常规二维、彩色多普勒超声及弹性成像检查,对弹性成像进行分析,并与病理结果进行对照。结果:93个甲状腺结节中,良性结节64个,恶性结节29个。其良性结节中,47个结节评为1～2分,恶性结节中,27个结节评为4～5分,两组弹性成像评分比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。其诊断恶性结节的敏感性87.10%、特异性96.77%、准确性93.55%。结论:超声弹性成像对鉴别甲状腺良恶性病变提供很大的帮助。     

99TcmO4 ?核素显像与血清TSH水平对超声检查提示高危甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨99TcmO₄ ?核素显像与血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平对甲状腺影像报告和数据系统（TI-RADS）4级甲状腺结节（TN）良恶性鉴别诊断的临床应用价值。 方法 回顾性分析2017年10月至2019年12月于桂林医学院附属医院接受TN切除术或细针穿刺细胞学检查明确诊断的201例TN患者资料（甲状腺超声检查、99TcmO₄ ?核素显像和血清TSH水平检测）,其中男性54例、女性147例,年龄20~75（49.1±13.2）岁。以术后组织病理学检查结果为“金标准”,将所有患者分为恶性TN组和良性TN组;根据超声检查结果中结节的长径将恶性TN组和良性TN组中所有结节分别分为3个亚组:长径≤10 mm、10 mm<长径≤20 mm、长径>20 mm。采用两独立样本t检验、独立四格表χ2检验比较2组患者的基本资料,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析;采用受试者工作特征曲线分析TSH水平诊断良恶性TN的最佳临界值,并计算诊断效能;采用趋势χ2检验分析术前TSH水平与甲状腺癌的相关性。 结果 201例患者均为单发TN,其中恶性TN组62例、良性TN组139例。组织病理学检查结果显示,201个TN中,甲状腺癌62个（30.8%）、结节性甲状腺肿33个（16.4%）、甲状腺腺瘤81个（40.3%）、结节性甲状腺肿伴腺瘤25个（12.4%）;超声检查结果显示,201个TN中,TI-RADS 4a级81个（40.3%）,其中甲状腺癌9个（11%）;TI-RADS 4b级70个（34.8%）,其中甲状腺癌20个（29%）;TI-RADS 4c级50个（24.9%）,其中甲状腺癌33个（66%）;99TcmO₄ ?核素显像结果显示,201个TN中,冷结节110个（54.7%）,其中甲状腺癌40个（36.4%）;凉结节67个（33.3%）,其中甲状腺癌22个（33%）;温结节24个（11.9%）,无恶性TN。甲状腺99TcmO₄ ?核素显像联合超声检查结果显示,凉、冷结节且超声检查分级为TI-RADS 4c级的结节恶性率（72%,33/46）最高。恶性TN组患者术前TSH水平较良性TN组高,分别为（1.59±0.32）、（1.29±0.45） μIU/mL,且差异有统计学意义（t=4.752,P<0.01）。趋势χ2检验分析结果显示,随着TSH水平的升高,TN恶性率也随之升高（χ2=27.513,P<0.01）,而恶性TN组中长径≤10 mm、10 mm<长径≤20 mm、长径>20 mm的患者术前TSH水平的差异无统计学意义（F=0.223,P=0.800）。对于术前良恶性TN的鉴别,TSH水平诊断的最佳临界值为1.525 μIU/mL,曲线下面积为0.741（95%CI:0.666~0.816）、灵敏度为75.8%、特异度为70.5%。 结论 99TcmO₄ ?核素显像提供的功能状态信息进一步提高了TI-RADS 4级TN的鉴别诊断效能,而术前TSH水平在术前评估中的作用尚不明确。     

99Tcm-MIBI动态血流灌注显像和双时相核素显像对甲状腺冷结节良恶性的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨99Tcm-MIBI动态血流灌注显像和双时相显像对甲状腺冷结节良恶性的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析甲状腺冷结节行手术治疗的患者28例,所有患者使用配备低能高分辨准直器的SPECT仪行99Tcm-MIBI动态血流灌注、30 min早期相及120 min延迟相静态平面显像,并用T/NT值等综合分析显像结果.结果 9例甲状腺癌患者在动态血流灌注、30 min早期相和120 min延迟相显像中阳性数分别为5例、6例、7例;19例良性病变患者在动态血流灌注、30 min早期相和120 min延迟相显像中阴性数分别为14例、11例、16例.99Tcm-MIBI动态血流灌注显像诊断甲状腺癌的灵敏度为55.56%,特异度为73.68%,准确率为67.85%;30 min早期相显像诊断甲状腺癌的灵敏度为66.67%,特异度为57.89%,准确率为67.85%;120 min延迟相显像诊断甲状腺癌的灵敏度为77.78%,特异度为84.21%,准确率为82.14%.结论 99Tcm-MIBI的双时相显像对甲状腺冷结节的诊断和鉴别诊断具有一定价值,通过对动态血流灌注和99Tcm-MIBI的双时相显像中T/NT值等综合分析,可以降低假阳性和假阴性的发生.     

^99mTc-MIBI与^99mTc-Octreotide生长抑素受体显像诊断乳腺癌的对比研究

目的:比较99mTcMIBI与99mTcOctreotide生长抑素受体显像对乳腺癌诊断的临床价值。材料和方法:对36例怀疑为乳腺癌的患者术前行99mTcMIBI显像,48小时后行99mTcOctreotide生长抑素受体显像,以术后病理检查结果作为金标准。结果:36例中,25例为乳腺癌,其中11例发生腋窝淋巴结转移;11例患者为乳腺良性病变。两种显像方法对乳腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为92.0%、63.6%、83.3%和92.0%、27.3%、72.2%。结论:99mTcMIBI显像与99mTcOctreotide生长抑素受体显像对乳腺癌均有较好的诊断价值,但99mTcOctreotide生长抑素受体显像诊断特异性较低。由于本研究的病例数有限,有待于进一步的工作深入探讨。