内镜黏膜下剥离术与外科手术治疗残胃异时性早期癌的临床效益对比

目的回顾性对比残胃异时性早期癌(metachronous early gastric cancer, MEGC)的组织病理特征及不同治疗方式的疗效。方法收集2014年1月至2020年12月鼓楼医院的残胃MEGC患者资料66例, 按治疗方案分为内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD)组38例和外科手术组28例, 分析比较2组的基线特征、病理特征、治疗效果及费用差异。结果 66例残胃MEGC患者年龄(69.7±8.5)岁, 多为男性, 残胃时间平均6年。肿瘤位置, ESD组以胃体(31.6%)为主, 外科手术组以贲门为主(53.6%), 差异存在统计学意义(χ2=11.070, P=0.028)。平均手术时间、住院时间、术后禁食时间以及合计医疗费, ESD组分别为80.0 min、6.0 d、1.5 d、19 436元, 外科手术组分别为215.0 min、19.0 d、6.5 d、68 665元, 组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访期间生存率, ESD组76.3%, 外科手术组71.4%, 组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=...     

内镜黏膜下剥离术和内镜黏膜切除术治疗胃食管连接部癌前病变及早癌的疗效比较

目的 将内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)和内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)进行比较,评价ESD治疗胃食管连接部(GEJ)癌前病变及早癌的有效性及安全性.方法 分析28例经ESD治疗和51例经EMR治疗的GEJ癌前病变及早癌患者的临床资料,比较两种方法病灶整块切除率、组织学治愈性切除率、手术时间、并发症、复发率等.结果 ESD整块切除率为92.9％ (26/28),治愈切除率为78.6％(22/28)均优于EMR组的45.1％(23/51)和43.1％(22/51),两者差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).局部原位复发率ESD组为3.6％(1/28),明显低于EMR组的19.6％( 10/51) (P ＜0.05).术后延迟出血、穿孔、狭窄等严重并发症的发生ESD组与EMR组之间差异无统计学意义.平均手术时间ESD为(64.3±27.1)min,明显长于EMR( 27.6±14.1)min(P ＜0.05).结论 ESD和EMR相比,整块切除率及组织学治愈性切除率高,局部复发率低,是治疗GEJ癌前病变及早癌更为安全有效的方法.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗早期胃癌的有效件及安全性.方法 对20例早期胃癌患者共21处病灶进行ESD治疗,观察治疗的情况及效果.结果 21处病灶一次性整块切除率为95.2%(20/21),组织学治愈性切除率为90.5%(19/21).平均手术时间50.4 min.急性少量出血率4.8%(1/21),术后腹痛发生率为76.2%(16/21),未发生急性大量出血、穿孔、术后延迟出血.2个月时复查胃镜,溃疡愈合率100%.平均随访9.2个月(8～12个月),局部无残留、复发及异时病灶发生.结论 ESD町提高一次性完整切除率和组织学治愈性切除率,是一种治疗早期胃癌的安全有效的方法.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管早期癌及癌前病变

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗食管早期癌及癌前病变的应用价值.方法 对胃镜发现的食管早癌和上皮内瘤变、深度未超越黏膜卜层者15例进行ESD治疗:(1)黏膜下注射生理盐水抬高病变;(2)预切开病变周围黏膜;(3)沿病变下方黏膜下层完整剥离病变.结果 15例食管早癌和上皮内瘤变病变,最大卣径2.5～4.5 cm(平均3.2 cm).14例病变成功完成ESD治疗,ESD成功率93.3%(14/15).所有剥离病变全部得到病理确诊,基底和切缘未见病变累及.ESD手术时间(白黏膜下注射至完整剥离病变)45～150 min,(平均75 min).术中出血量平均30 ml,均经电凝、氙离子凝固术和止血夹成功止血,未出现需再次内镜下治疗的出血;ESD穿孔发生率0(0/15).术后随访14例,随访期6～18个月(平均11.5个月),创而完全愈合,无一例病变残留和复发.结论 ESD是治疗食管早癌和癌前病变的新方法,不仅能完整切除较大的病变,还能提供完整的病理学诊断资料.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗SiewertⅡ型胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变的临床分析

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal resection,ESD）治疗胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2012年7月—2019年6月间在北京大学第一医院内镜中心接受ESD治疗的67例SiewertⅡ型胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变患者资料,对病变的临床病理特征、整块切除率、完全切除率、治愈性切除率、并发症发生率进行统计分析,并对可能影响治愈性切除的因素进行分析。结果 67例病变中隆起型病变5例,浅表型病变59例,凹陷型病变3例。病变中位直径1.6(1.8)cm,中位手术时间60.0(56.0)min。整块切除率97.0%（65/67）,完全切除率91.0%（61/67）,治愈性切除率82.1%（55/67）。肿瘤最大径（OR=8.457,95%CI：1.227~58.302,P=0.030）及病理类型（OR=15.133,95%CI：1.518~150.870,P=0.021）与非治愈性切除相关。3例（4.5%）患者发生ESD相关并发症,1例术后迟发出血,内镜下止血后好转;2例术后瘢痕狭窄,内镜引导下探条扩张后好转。58例随访患者中1例垂直切缘阳性且未接受后续治疗的患者出现复发;1例患者随访中发现异时性早期胃癌,再次ESD切除。结论 ESD治疗胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变安全有效,操作前应对病变大小、边界、浸润深度进行准确评判,制定适宜的治疗方式及手术策略。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗消化道早期肿瘤技巧

内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD) 是一种安全有效的内镜下微创治疗新技术, 其在消化道早期肿瘤的微创治疗中发挥 着重要的作用。ESD 技术能一次性、大块、完整切除病变组织, 并提供完整的病理资料, 显著减少病灶残留及复发, 达到根治性切除消化道早期肿瘤的疗效。文章就ESD 应用于消化道早期肿瘤的适应证和禁忌证、操作步骤、风险预 防以及处理等内容进行阐述。     

《早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术和内镜黏膜切除术治疗指南(第二版)》的更新与解读

2014年日本胃肠内镜学会与日本胃癌学会联合发布了基于循证医学原则的《早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术和内镜黏膜切除术治疗指南》。然而由于当时该领域的许多证据级别较低,部分准则只能通过专家共识来建立。近年来,设计规范的临床研究数量激增。基于这些新的证据,日本胃肠内镜学会发布了上述治疗指南的修订第二版。本文将基于新版指南中更新和...     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗消化道早期癌及癌前病变

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗消化道早期癌及癌前病变的操作方法、疗效、并发症等.方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,按照入选标准选取食管、胃、结直肠早癌及癌前病变患者28例,共治疗病变29处.内镜下明确病变边界,采用氩离子凝固(APC)或针式刀在距病变边缘0.3～0.5 cm处环周点状凝固标记,再行黏膜下注射,使病变完全抬起,在距离标记点约0.5 cm处用针刀及IT刀环行切开黏膜至黏膜下层,用IT刀逐渐将黏膜剥离,部分病变回缩后用圈套器将病变黏膜圈套电凝切除.术中出血用热凝同止血钳、APC或金属夹止血.切除病变回收送病理.所有病例均按计划内镜随访.结果 本组29处病变中,22处病变完整切除,6处病变分块切除,1处病变未能全部切除.胃窦病变完整切除率为100.0%(12/12),胃角至贲门间病变为5/7,食管病变为3/5,结直肠病变为2/5.1例出现术后迟发出血.胃窦病变平均手术耗时最短,为48 min.20例随访1～12个月均无病变残留或复发.结论 ESD技术可以根据病变的大小及形状确定切除范围,对较大病变可以整块切除.缺点之一是操作过程较复杂、技术难度较大.     

内镜下黏膜切除术和内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗直肠类癌的对照研究

目的 评估内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)和内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗直肠类癌的有效性及安全性.方法 回顾性总结24例26处EMR治疗(EMR组)和19例20处ESD治疗(ESD组)的直肠类癌患者的临床资料,对比分析两组在病灶大小、手术时间、病灶整块切除率、组织病理学治愈性切除率、并发症及随访结果方面的差异.结果 ESD组术前超声内镜测量的直径大小为(7.4 ±5.3)mm,明显大于EMR组的(5.6 ±2.1)mm(P ＜0.05);ESD组手术时间为(32.6±10.5)min,明显长于EMR组的(8.9±6.3)min(P ＜0.05);EMR组和ESD组病灶均一次性完整切除,整块切除率均为100.0％;EMR组的组织病理学治愈性切除率为100.0％(26/26),略高于ESD组的95.0％ (19/20) (P＞0.05);EMR术后出血、穿孔并发症发生率为15.3％ (4/26),明显高于ESD组的5.0％ (1/20) (P＜0.05);两组在术后复查随访,均未发现局部复发.结论 对于直径小于7 mm的病灶应用EMR方法可以有效完整地切除病灶,并缩短手术时间;而对于直径大于7 mm和经过多次活检或局部切除后内镜下注射抬举征阴性的病灶,采取ESD的手术方式,方能得到比较满意的治疗效果.     

Endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: Current and original devices

Compared with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is easier to perform and requires less time for treatment. However, EMR has been replaced by ESD, because achieving en bloc resection of specimens > 20 mm in diameter is difficult with EMR. The technique of ESD was introduced to resect large specimens of early gastric cancer in a single piece. ESD can provide precise histological diagnosis and can also reduce the rate of recurrence, but has a high level of technical difficulty, and is consequently associated with a high rate of complications, a need for advanced endoscopic techniques, and a lengthy procedure time. To overcome disadvantages in both EMR and ESD, various advances have been made in submucosal injections, knives, other accessories, and in electrocoagulation systems.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for cancers of the remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of early gastric cancer is less invasive than surgical resection, and if technically feasible, it may result in less long-term morbidity than does incisional surgery. However, ESD is technically difficult in patients who have had a previous distal gastrectomy. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to retrospectively assess the results of ESD of early gastric cancer in the remnant stomach. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING AND PATIENTS: A total of 31 lesions in 30 patients with early remnant gastric cancer were treated with ESD at Okayama University Hospital, Tsuyama Central Hospital, Hiroshima City Hospital, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, and Mitoyo General Hospital from March 2001 to January 2007. INTERVENTION: ESD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: En bloc resection rate, complete resection rate, operation time, and complications. RESULTS: En bloc resection and complete resection were achieved in 30 (97%) and in 23 (74%) lesions, respectively. The median operation time required for ESD in the remnant stomach was 113 minutes (range 45-450 minutes). Perforation occurred in 4 (13%). The incidence of delayed bleeding requiring blood transfusion was 0%. LIMITATION: Short duration of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: ESD is feasible in the remnant stomach but has a relatively high complication rate and should only be performed by experienced endoscopists.     

Outcome after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer in Korea

Endoscopic treatment,such as endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),has been established as one of the treatment options for selected cases with early gastric cancer(EGC).Most studies on this topic have been carried out by researchers in Japan.Recently,the experience in EMR/ESD for EGC outside Japan is increasingly reported.In Korea,gastric cancer is the most common malignant disease,and the second leading cause of cancer death.Currently,EMR for EGC is widely performed i...     

止血夹预防早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术后迟发性出血的疗效分析

目的　评价止血夹预防早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）后出血的疗效。方法　回顾性收集2013年6月—2020年8月就诊于北京友谊医院确诊为早期胃癌行ESD患者资料459例,将其分为病变切除后使用止血夹预防性夹闭创面的A组162例、病变切除后未使用止血夹夹闭创面的B组297例,观察术后2周患者是否发生出血。对患者进行单因素及亚组分析,分析每组患者的术后出血发生率及临床病理特征。结果　A组术后出血发生率3.1%（5/162）,B组术后出血发生率8.1%（24/297）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.418,P=0.036）。A组与B组进行亚组比较,肿瘤长径>20 mm时,两组术后出血率差异有统计学意义［3.5%（2/57）比15.3%（13/85）,χ2=5.016,P=0.025］;肿瘤位于胃下部时,两组术后出血率差异有统计学意义［1.0%（1/97）比10.4%（20/192）,χ2=8.425,P=0.004］;肿瘤浸润深度为M/SM1时,两组术后出血率差异有统计学意义［3.2%（5/157）比8.1%（23/285）,χ2=4.072,P=0.044］。当肿瘤长径≤20 mm、肿瘤位于胃上/中部、肿瘤浸润深度为SM2时,A组与B组的术后出血发生率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　止血夹可预防早期胃癌ESD术后迟发性出血的发生,且主要体现在肿瘤长径>20 mm、肿瘤位于胃下部、肿瘤浸润深度在M/SM1的病变上,对肿瘤长径≤20 mm、肿瘤位于胃上/中部病变的预防作用不大。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗老年早期胃癌的初步评价

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗老年早期胃癌的疗效和安全性。方法按照入选标准对于年龄≥60岁的早期胃癌患者进行ESD治疗,观察疗效及术中并发症情况,术后予禁食、抑酸补液治疗,并定期随访评价病灶有无残留和复发。结果共有55例患者入组,男性44例,女性11例。完整大块切除率100％,组织学完全切除率为92．7％（51／55）。术中少量出血率16．4％,贲门胃底部发生率（5／13,35．5％）高于其他部位（P=0．02）。穿孔发生率（1／55,1．8％）,位于胃角,予金属夹夹闭。术后迟发出血3例（3／55,5．5％）,其中2例病变位于胃窦,24h内发生,均经急诊胃镜下治疗成功止血,1例胃角,术后1周发生,1月反复,内科保守治疗有效。总随访时间2月-38月,中位随访时间7月,共随访51例,失访率7．2％,无病灶残留,1例患者于ESD治疗后8月随访时发现复发,转外科行手术治疗。结论ESD是治疗老年早期胃癌的一种有效且安拿的治疗方法。     

Current status of endoscopic submucosal dissection for the management of early gastric cancer: a Korean perspective

The early diagnosis of gastric cancer allows patients and physicians to pursue the option of endoscopic resection,which is significantly less invasive than conventional surgical resection.In Korea,the use of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) has been increasing,and many reports on ESD have been published.In addition,Korean gastroenterologists from several hospitals performing ESD have conducted formal meetings to discuss useful information regarding ESD.Here,we discuss the Korean experience with ESD,inc...     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer: A meta-analysis

AIM: To compare endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) for early gastric cancer(EGC).METHODS: Computerized bibliographic search was performed on PubMed/Medline, Embase, Google Schol-ar and Cochrane library databases. Quality of each included study was assessed according to current Co-chrane guidelines. Primary endpoints were en bloc re-section rate and histologically complete resection rate. Secondary endpoints were length of procedure, post-treatment bleeding, post-procedural perforation and re-currence rate. Comparisons between the two treatment groups across all the included studies were performed by using Mantel-Haenszel test for fixed-effects mod-els(in case of low heterogeneity) or DerSimonian and Laird test for random-effects models(in case of high heterogeneity).RESULTS: Ten retrospective studies(8 full text and 2 abstracts) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall data on 4328 lesions, 1916 in the ESD and 2412 in the EMR group were pooled and analyzed. The mean operation time was longer for ESD than for EMR(stan-dardized mean difference 1.73, 95%CI: 0.52-2.95, P =0.005) and the "en bloc " and histological complete re-section rates were significantly higher in the ESD group [OR = 9.69(95%CI: 7.74-12.13), P 0.001 and OR = 5.66,(95%CI: 2.92-10.96), P 0.001, respectively]. As a consequence of its greater radicality, ESD provided lower recurrence rate [OR = 0.09,(95%CI: 0.05-0.17), P 0.001]. Among complications, perforation rate was significantly higher after ESD [OR = 4.67,(95%CI, 2.77-7.87), P 0.001] whereas the bleeding incidences did not differ between the two techniques [OR = 1.49(0.6-3.71), P = 0.39].CONCLUSION: In the endoscopic therapy of EGC, ESD showed a superior efficacy but higher complication rate with respect to EMR.     

Risk factors for local recurrence after en bloc endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate factors related to recurrence following en bloc resection using endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) in patients with early gastric cancer(EGC). METHODS: A total of 1121 patients(1215 lesions) who had undergone ESD for gastric neoplasia between April 2003 and May 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Data from 401 patients(415 lesions) were analyzed, following the exclusion of those who underwent piecemeal resection, with deep resection margin invasion or lateral margin infiltration, and diagnosed with benign lesions. RESULTS: Local recurrence after en bloc ESD was found in 36 cases(8.7%). Unclear resection margins, long procedure times, and narrow safety margins were identified as risk factors for recurrence. Lesions located in the upper third of the stomach showed a higher rate of recurrence than those located in the lower third of the stomach(OR = 2.9, P = 0.03). The probability of no recurrence for up to 24 mo was 79.9% in those with a safety resection margin ≤ 1 mm and 89.5% in those with a margin 1 mm(log-rank test, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Even in cases in which en bloc ESD is performed for EGC, local recurrence still occurs. To reduce local recurrences, more careful assessment will be needed prior to the implementation of ESD in casesin which the tumor is located in the upper third of the stomach. In addition, clear identification of tumor boundaries as well as the securing of sufficient safety resection margins will be important.     

Repeat endoscopic submucosal dissection for recurrent gastric cancers after endoscopic submucosal dissection

AIM: To clarify the safety and efficacy of repeat endoscopic submucosal dissection (re-ESD) for locally recurrent gastric cancers after ESD.METHODS: A retrospective evaluation was performed of the therapeutic efficacy, complications and follow-up results from ESD treatment for early gastric cancers in 521 consecutive patients with 616 lesions at St. Luke`s International Hospital between April 2004 and November 2012. In addition, tumor size, the size of resected specimens and the operation time were compared between re-ESD and initial ESD procedures. A flex knife was used as the primary surgical device and a hook knife was used in cases with severe fibrosis in the submucosal layer. Continuous variables were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and are expressed as medians (range). Categorical variables were analyzed using a Fisher’s exact test and are reported as proportions. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value less than 0.05.RESULTS: The number of cases in the re-ESD group and the initial ESD group were 5 and 611, respectively. The median time interval from the initial ESD to re-ESD was 14 (range, 4-44 mo). En bloc resection with free lateral and vertical margins was successfully performed in all re-ESD cases without any complications. No local or distant recurrence was observed during the median follow-up period of 48 (range, 11-56 mo). Tumor size was not significantly different between the re-ESD group and the initial ESD group (median 22 mm vs 11 mm, P = 0.09), although the size of resected specimens was significantly larger in the re-ESD group (median 47 mm vs 34 mm, P < 0.05). There was a non-significant increase observed in re-ESD operation time compared to initial ESD (median 202 min vs 67 min, respectively, P = 0.06).CONCLUSION: Despite the low patient number and short follow-up, the results suggest that re-ESD is a safe and effective endoscopic treatment for recurrent gastric cancer after ESD.