超声联合神经刺激器引导连续股神经阻滞用于全膝关节置换术后镇痛的对比研究

目的探讨超声联合神经刺激器引导连续股神经阻滞的临床效果。方法 2010年9月对全膝关节置换术后镇痛22例采用超声联合神经刺激器引导连续股神经阻滞（C＋S组）,23例采用单纯神经刺激器引导连续股神经阻滞（S组）,比较2组镇痛效果及穿刺并发症。结果 C＋S组操作时间（6.3±3.0）min,明显短于S组（11.5±7.0）min（t=-3.212,P=0.002）。经股神经管推注0.25%罗哌卡因20 ml后15 min麻醉效果差异无显著性（Z=-0.462,P=0.644）。术后静态VAS评分（RVAS）、主动功能训练VAS评分（IVAS）和持续被动功能训练VAS评分（PVAS）差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。术后S组5例穿刺部位皮下淤血,C＋S组无皮下淤血病例（P=0.049）。术后C＋S组需要单次推注利多卡因4例,S组为5例,差异无显著性（χ2=0.000,P=1.000）。术后72 h哌替啶用量C＋S组与S组差异无显著性（Z=-0.069,P=0.945）。结论超声联合神经刺激器引导连续股神经阻滞操作时间明显缩短,同时可以减少穿刺导致的术后皮下淤血。     

Comparison between Ultrasound-Guided Pericapsular Nerve Group Block and Local Infiltration Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives

Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) blocking is a novel nerve block modality for analgesia after total hip arthroplasty (THA); however, its analgesic efficacy is unclear. We aimed to compare the analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided PENG blocking and periarticular local infiltration analgesia after THA.

Methods

This study involved patients undergoing unilateral primary THA at our institution between October 2022 and December 2022. Based on a prospective double-blind, randomized approach, patients were randomly divided into two groups: the PENG and infiltration groups. The former received ultrasound-guided pericapsular nerve block before surgery while the latter received local anesthesia and local infiltration analgesia during surgery. The primary outcome was the amount of morphine used for rescue analgesia within 48 h after surgery and the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes consisted of postoperative hip function on the first and second postoperative days, including hip extension angle and flexion, as well as distance traveled by the patient. Tertiary outcomes included length of hospital stay and postoperative adverse reactions. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Using the appropriate statistical methodology, continuous and categorical data were analyzed, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

There was no clear difference in morphine requirements during the first 24 hours postoperatively (5.8 ± 5.9 vs. 6.0 ± 6.3, p = 0.910), in the total postoperative morphine consumption (7.5 ± 6.3 vs. 7.8 ± 6.6, p = 0.889), and in the postoperative resting VAS pain scores (p > 0.05). However, the exercise VAS score in the PENG group was significantly higher than that in the infiltration group within 12 hours after surgery (6.1 + 1.2 vs. 5.4 + 1.0, p = 0.008). There was no significant difference in hip function, length of hospital stay, or incidence of complications between the two groups.

Conclusion

The analgesic effect and functional recovery of ultrasound-guided pericapsular nerve block for THA was not superior to that of periarticular local infiltration analgesia.     

硫酸镁联合罗哌卡因鸡尾酒应用于全髋关节置换术后早期镇痛

目的 评价加入硫酸镁的鸡尾酒麻醉混合剂在全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)后早期的镇痛效果.方法 选择2019年9月至2020年11月在武汉科技大学附属孝感医院骨科行初次单侧THA病人共60例,随机分为观察组(硫酸镁250 mg+罗哌卡因50 mg+曲安奈德25 mg+0.9％生理盐...     

Comparison of Local Infiltration of Analgesia and Sciatic Nerve Block in Addition to Femoral Nerve Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty

We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between sciatic nerve block (SNB) and local infiltration of analgesia (LIA) regarding postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), when administrated in addition to femoral nerve block (FNB). Forty-six patients scheduled for TKA were randomized into two groups: concomitant administration of FNB and SNB or FNB and LIA. Average pain scores during the first 21 days after surgery were similar in the two groups and remained at low level. There was no significant difference in the need for adjuvant analgesics, patient satisfaction level, the time to achieve rehabilitation goals, and length of hospital stay. The LIA offers a potentially safer alternative to SNB as an adjunct to FNB.     

硬膜外持续输注不同剂量吗啡对小儿术后镇痛效果的观察

目的 :探索小儿术后镇痛硬膜外持续输注吗啡最佳有效剂量。方法 :32例择期手术患儿随机分为三组 ,各组吗啡负荷量、维持量分别为 :组Ⅰ 10 μg/kg、1μg·kg-1·h-1;组Ⅱ 2 0 μg/kg、2 μg·kg-1·h-1;组Ⅲ 30 μg/kg、3μg·kg-1·h-1。术后定时进行镇痛、镇静评分及不良反应的观察。结果 :镇痛评分组Ⅱ、Ⅲ明显低于组Ⅰ (P <0 0 5 ) ,镇静评分组Ⅰ、Ⅱ明显低于组Ⅲ (P <0 0 5 ) ,不良反应发生率三组间无显著性差异。结论 :吗啡负荷量 2 0 μg/kg、维持量 2 μg·kg-1·h-1可能是小儿术后镇痛硬膜外持续输注的最佳有效剂量     

股神经和硬膜外自控镇痛在全膝关节置换术后的效果比较

目的：比较股神经和硬膜外自控镇痛在膝关节置换术后的效果和副作用。方法：选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行单侧膝关节置换术患者50例,随机分为股神经自控镇痛组（PCFNA,n=25）和硬膜外自控镇痛组（PCEA,n=25）。均在单侧蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉下施术,术后通过留置导管连接0.2%罗哌卡因、2μg/mL芬太尼止痛泵镇痛。结果：两组在术后各时点静息VAS和吗啡用量、副作用的发生率无统计学差异。PCFNA组持续被动功能训练时的VAS疼痛评分均明显低于PCEA组患者（P〈0.01）;PCFNA组术后24h患肢股四头肌的肌力略低,非手术侧肌力略高（P〈0.000）。结论：股神经自控镇痛在持续被动运动镇痛效果优于硬膜外自控镇痛,不影响非手术侧股四头肌肌力,有利于早期下床活动。     

Femoral Nerve Catheters Improve Home Disposition and Pain in Hip Fracture Patients Treated With Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

Opioids have been the mainstay of treatment in the physiologically young geriatric hip fracture patient undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). However opioid-related side effects increase morbidity. Regional anesthesia may provide better analgesia, while decreasing opioid-related side effects. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of perioperative continuous femoral nerve blockade with regards to pain scores, opioid-related side effects and posthospital disposition in hip fracture patients undergoing THA.

全髋关节置换治疗伴有股骨头坏死的成人先天性髋关节脱位

目的探讨全髋关节置换治疗伴有股骨头坏死的成人先天性髋关节脱位疗效。方法2000年1月~2007年1月,对10例16个伴有股骨头坏死成人先天性髋关节脱位进行全髋关节置换术,其中双侧6例,单侧4例。结果术后平均随访2年6个月,采用Harris评分评定髋关节功能,由术前的平均36.6分恢复到术后89分。术后肢体延长3~5 cm,平均3.5cm,疼痛缓解,关节伸屈功能、负重、行走,日常生活自理能力获完全恢复。结论采用全髋关节置换术式治疗伴有股骨头坏死、假髋臼骨性关节炎的成人先天性髋关节脱位,行之有效,可恢复关节的正常负重,消除疼痛,改善了关节活动度,提高了生活质量。     

Comparing the Analgesia Effects of Single-injection and Continuous Femoral Nerve Blocks with Patient Controlled Analgesia after Total Knee Arthroplasty

We compared the analgesic effects of single-injection or continuous femoral nerve block (FNB) with intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) opioids. Two hundred patients undergoing knee arthroplasty were randomized to one of the three regimens. Significant knee pain on movement at postoperative 24 h was reduced with single-injection (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.74; P = 0.009) or continuous (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.51; P = 0.001) FNB, compared with PCA. Allocation to FNBs also resulted in significantly less opioid consumption, fewer episodes of nausea and vomiting, and achieved knee flexion 90° earlier than allocation to PCA. Compared to single-injection FNB, patients with continuous FNB had lower pain scores on movement at 24 h (mean difference − 0.57; 95% CI − 1.14 to − 0.01; P = 0.045), consumed less opioid, and had fewer incidences of nausea and vomiting. The analgesic efficacy of single-injection and continuous FNBs was superior to PCA in the immediate postoperative period; with continuous FNB providing better analgesia than single-injection FNB.     

股骨粗隆下截骨短缩结合全髋置换术治疗高位先天性髋关节脱位

目的讨论股骨粗隆下截骨短缩结合全髋关节置换治疗先天性髋关节脱位的初步经验。方法本组7例高位先天性髋关节脱位,其中CroweⅢ型2例,CroweⅣ型5例。采用股骨粗隆下截骨短缩结合非骨水泥全髋关节置换术,其中5例进行了髋臼结构性植骨。术后随访Harris评分、肢体长度、步态、Trendelenburg征以及放射学改变。结果术后平均随访29.1个月,股骨截骨处及髋臼植骨均愈合,旋转中心平均下降53mm(39～63mm)。Harris评分由术前35.9分(32～42分)转为术后84.6分(68～96分);其中疼痛评分术前为14.3分(10～20分),术后为40.3分(30～44分)。屈髋活动度术前平均为85.7°(60°～125°),术后为84.3°(70°～100°)。1例Trendelenburg征术后持续阳性;2例术后出现股神经损伤表现,术后6周恢复。无感染、脱位、假体松动等并发症出现。结论短期随访表明,股骨粗隆下截骨短缩结合非骨水泥全髋关节置换术是治疗高位先天性髋关节脱位可靠有效的方法。     

骨矿改变在人工全髋关节置换术的监测

目的：研究人工全髋关节置换术后髋周骨矿含量的改变。方法：对骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换的25例27髋,在术后不同时段用DEXA测定髋周5个区域的骨矿含量,并与其各自合适的对照作配对样本t检验。结果：术后1个月内（平均23d)测定组显示第4区骨矿量显著增加（P＜0．05）;术后4－6月（平均4．4月）和7－12月测定组显示5个区骨矿量无显著增减（P＞0．05）;术后14－49月（平均27．4月）测定组显示第2区和第5区骨矿量显著降低（P＜0．05）;第1区也有明显降低趋势（P＝0．064）。结论：骨水泥型人工全髋置入后髋周承重部位骨矿量在12月内改变不大;术后约2年在髋臼周围和股骨小粗隆部骨矿明显丢失,与置入假体后产生应力遮挡可能有关。     

Hypotensive Anesthesia, Thromboprophylaxis and Postoperative Thromboembolism in Total Hip Arthroplasty

A prospective study was performed in 120 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. The patients were randomly allocated to four groups. The first two groups had nitroprusside-induced hypotensive anesthesia with either a fixed combination of sodium heparin and dihydroergotamine mesylate (HDHE) or dextran 70. The other two groups had normotensive halothane anesthesia with either HDHE or preoperative hemodilution with dextran 70. Hypotensive anesthesia reduced surgical bleeding. Blood loss was increased in patients undergoing preoperative hemodilution as compared to thromboprophylaxis with HDHE, whereas no difference was found between conventional administration of dextran and HDHE. Deep vein thrombosis, diagnosed with ascending phlebography of the operated leg, was registered in 48% of the patients. There was no difference between the techniques of anesthesia and thromboprophylaxis. Pulmonary embolism, studied with perfusion-ventilation scintigraphy, was diagnosed in 19% of the patients. No significant difference was found between hypotensive and normotensive anesthesia, or between thromboprophylaxis with conventional dextran and HDHE. There was a lower incidence of pulmonary embolism in patients with HDHE and normotensive anesthesia. Major wound hematomas were noted postoperatively in 12% of the patients receiving HDHE, whereas no major hematomas developed following dextran prophylaxis. No anaphylactic reaction was noted from dextran 70, using hapten-dextran prophylaxis.