微创单髁置换术治疗膝关节单间室骨性关节炎

目的探讨微创单髁置换术治疗膝关节单间室骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法2011年10月～2013年3月,对51例（54膝）膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎采用髓外定位法进行胫骨及股骨截骨,骨水泥固定OxfordⅢ单髁置换假体并植入移动半月板。观察切口长度,手术时间,手术前后血红蛋白下降量,术后直腿抬高时间,膝关节活动范围,术后髋膝踝角及并发症;采用Oxford评分法对术前、术后膝关节功能进行评估。结果2例出现内衬脱位并发症进行翻修。无感染、下肢深静脉血栓、假体位置不良,假体松动等并发症。切口长度（6．6±0．8）cm（5．5～8cm）。手术时间（59．9±6．6）min（50～80min）,术后3d血红蛋白下降（13．5±5．0）g／L（7～28g／L）。术后自主直腿抬高时间（3．4±1．6）d（1～8d）。术后2～3d行双下肢全长片检查,髋膝踝178．2°±2．6°（177°～183°）。术后无伸直受限,最大屈曲度121．3°±6．6°（110°-130°）。51例术后随访6～23个月,平均14．5月,无感染、下肢深静脉血栓、假体位置不良,假体松动等并发症。Oxford膝关节功能评分术前（24．6±1．9）分,术后末次随访（41．6±3．5）分,术前后比较有统计学差异（t=34．313,P=0．000）。结论微创单髁置换术治疗内侧间室骨性关节炎短期效果良好,中远期疗效需要进一步随访。     

Advantage of Minimal Anterior Knee Pain and Long-term Survivorship of Cemented Single Radius Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty without Patella Resurfacing

BackgroundThe single radius total knee prosthesis was introduced with the advantage of reduced patellar symptoms; however, there is no long-term follow-up study of the same. The purpose of this study was to determine the survival rate of single radius posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty and patellofemoral complication rates in a consecutive series.MethodsSeventy-one patients (103 knees) who underwent arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing using a single radius posterior-stabilized total knee prosthesis were followed up for a minimum 10 years. Clinical evaluation using Knee Society knee and function scores and radiologic evaluation were performed at regular intervals. Anterior knee pain as well as patellofemoral complications were evaluated with a simple questionnaire. The Kaplan-Meier product-limit method was used to estimate survival.ResultsSeventeen patients (23 knees) were excluded due to death (12 knees) or lost to follow-up (11 knees). Of the 80 knees enrolled, all femoral components and 78 tibial components were well fixed without loosening at final follow-up. Two revisions were performed because of tibial component loosening and periprosthetic joint infection. One patient with tibial component loosening refused to have revision surgery. No obvious tibial insert polyethylene wear was observed. The survivorships at 132 months were 96.7% using revision or pending revision as end points. Anterior knee pain was present in 6 patients (6 knees, 7.5%) at the latest follow-up. No patellofemoral complication requiring revision was encountered.ConclusionsThe single radius posterior-stabilized total knee prosthesis demonstrated an excellent minimum 10-year survivorship. The low rates of implant loosening and 7.5% of anterior knee pain as a patellofemoral complication are comparable with those reported for other modern total knee prosthesis.     

影像监视下的微创膝关节单髁置换术

目的探讨影像监视下的微创膝关节单髁置换术初步疗效与手术技术。方法回顾性分析2007年1月～2008年12月采用影像监视下的微创膝关节单髁置换术治疗38例(40膝)膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎患者的资料,对患者术前、术后膝关节疼痛及关节活动度进行评估(HSS评分法),测量术后膝关节力线并与术前测量结果比较,分析术前影像监视下的适应证选择和术中影像监视下的手术操作。结果 36例(38膝)术后平均随访18个月(12～36个月),关节内侧间室疼痛症状明显减轻或消失,膝关节活动度达到平均120°(0～135°)。术后力线为平均内翻2°(0°～内翻5°),HSS评分由术前72分(65～85分)增至90分(80～95分),优良率达95%。结论影像监视下的微创膝关节单髁置换术会使术前病例的选择更规范,手术操作更精确,术后疗效更确切,是膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎的有效治疗方法。     

Learning Curve With Minimally Invasive Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

This study examined 445 consecutive minimally invasive unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKAs) from one institution to determine whether revision and reoperation rates would decrease as the number of cases performed increased, indicating the presence of a learning curve with this procedure. At a mean of 3.25 years, 26 knees required revision yielding an overall revision rate of 5.8%; survivorship at 2 years with revision as an end point was 96% ± 1.7%. Both revisions and reoperations decreased over time but not significantly. For the first half of UKA cases performed vs the second half, revision rates fell from 5.0% to 2.5%, and reoperation rates fell from 8.1% to 5.4%. These data demonstrate that despite modifications made to improve surgical technique across time, a substantial complication rate with this procedure persists.     

Early Complications After Minimally Invasive Mobile-Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

The purpose of this article is to review the early complications of minimally invasive mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty by analyzing the first 100 consecutive cases. All cases were medial unicompartmental arthroplasties with a follow-up of at least 24 months (range, 24-51 months). Seven revision procedures were performed due to 2 fractures of the medial tibial plateau, 1 loosening of the femoral component, and 4 dislocations of the meniscal bearing. The early results as determined by The Knee Society scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and postoperative range of motion were satisfactory. However, there exists a high rate of early failures, which occurred during the initial learning curve. Therefore, surgeons must be aware that in order to minimize these complications, attention to detail is mandatory.     

提高人工全膝关节置换术后屈曲度的临床研究

目的：探讨影响人工全膝关节置换术患者术后屈膝的因素,提高人工全膝关节置换术后的屈曲活动度。方法：自2005年3月-2010年3月,随访112例患者136膝行人工全膝关节置换术（totalkneearthropk—ty,TKA）,男42例57膝,女70例79膝：年龄35～79岁,平均64．9岁。膝关节骨关节炎94膝,类风湿关节炎18膝。膝内翻畸形98膝（平均12．8±3．1）,膝外翻畸形14膝（平均5．10±2．4）,屈曲畸形3l膝（平均15．6±2．1）。膝关节骨关节炎患者术前活动度为61°-135°,平均110．5°;类风湿关节炎患者为41°～120°,平均85．5°。手术均采用Zimmer高屈曲度全膝关节假体。临床疗效以HSS评分为标准,根据影像学资料评估膝关节假体位置、下肢力线以及骨缺损修复情况。结果：112例患者136膝术后平均随访6个月。术前HSS平均（69．6±7．4）分,术后平均（90．9±6．7）分。优86膝,良18膝,可4膝,差4膝,优良率为92．6％。膝关节活动度由术前平均98．5°,改善至术中平均125．4°,终末随访时平均121．5°。结论：患者术前活动度、手术技术、特殊的假体设计以及积极的术后锻炼都是影响全膝关节置换术后屈曲度的重因素,尤其是手术技术。但既往有膝关节手术史、肥胖等患者,人工全膝关节置换术后的活动度都会受到一定的影响。     

Minimally invasive knee arthroplasty: An overview

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for arthroplasty of the knee began with surgery for unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA). Partial knee replacements were designed in the 1970s and were amenable to a more limited exposure. In the 1990s Repicci popularized the MIS for UKA. Surgeons began to apply his concepts to total knee arthroplasty. Four MIS surgical techniques were developed: quadriceps sparing, mini-mid vastus, mini-subvastus, and mini-medial parapatellar. The quadriceps sparing technique is the most limited one and is also the most difficult. However, it is the least invasive and allows rapid recovery. The mini-midvastus is the most common technique because it affords slightly better exposure and can be extended. The mini-subvastus technique entirely avoids incising the quadriceps extensor mechanism but is time consuming and difficult in the obese and in the muscular male patient. The mini-parapatellar technique is most familiar to surgeons and represents a good starting point for surgeons who are learning the techniques. The surgeries are easier with smaller instruments but can be performed with standard ones. The techniques are accurate and do lead to a more rapid recovery, with less pain, less blood loss, and greater motion if they are appropriately performed.     

Medial Ball and Socket Total Knee Arthroplasty in Indian Population: 5-Year Clinical Results

BackgroundMedial pivot total knee arthroplasty aims to restore native knee kinematics through highly conforming medial tibiofemoral articulation with survival comparable to contemporary knee designs. The aim of this study was to report preliminary clinical results of medial pivot total knee arthroplasty in an Indian population.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 45 patients (average age, 62 years; 40 women and 5 men) with end-stage arthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 4) operated with a medial pivot prosthesis was done. All patients were assessed using Knee Society Score (satisfaction, expectation, and functional scores) and Oxford Knee Score, and range of motion was recorded at the end of 5-year postoperative follow-up. In addition, all patients underwent standardized radiological assessment.ResultsAt the final follow-up, patients reported significant improvement in mean Knee Society Score (satisfaction, expectation, and functional scores) and Oxford Knee Score (p < 0.05). The mean range of motion achieved at the end of 5 years ranged from 0° (extension) to 118.4° (further flexion). There was no evidence of loosening or osteolysis at a minimum follow-up of 5 years.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes at 5 years after total knee arthroplasty with a medial pivot design, which may be related to better replication of natural knee kinematics with the medial pivot knee and inherent advantages of this design.     

A Comparison of Mobile and Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty at a Minimum 10-Year Follow-up

Background

The long-term survivorship and functional outcomes of the mobile-bearing (MB) compared to the fixed-bearing (FB) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) implant design remain a topic of debate. The aim of the current study was to compare the survivorship and functional outcomes of MB and FB UKA at a minimum 10-year follow-up.

No Difference in Clinical Outcomes and Survivorship for Robotic,Navigational, and Conventional Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty with a Minimum Follow-up of 10 Years

BackgroundComputer-assisted surgery, including robotic and navigational total knee arthroplasty (TKA), has been proposed as a technique used to improve alignment of implants. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes during a minimum follow-up period of 10 years among robotic, navigational, and conventional TKA.MethodsA total of 855 knees (robotic group, 194; conventional group, 270; and navigational group, 391) were available for physical and radiological examinations over a mean follow-up period of 10 years. The survival rate was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method based on the survival endpoint. The Hospital for Special Surgery score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Knee Society Score, and range of motion were used for clinical evaluation. The hip-knee-ankle (HKA) axis angle, the coronal inclination of femoral and tibial components, and the presence of radiolucent lines were also assessed at the final follow-up.ResultsAll clinical assessments at the final follow-up revealed improvements in the three groups without any significant difference among the groups (p > 0.05). The cumulative 10-year survival rate was 97.4% in the robotic group, 96.6% in the conventional group, and 98.2% in the navigational group, with no significant difference (p = 0.447). The rates of complication-associated surgery were not significantly different among the groups (p = 0.907). Only the proportion of outliers in the HKA axis angle showed a significant difference (p = 0.001), but other radiological outcomes were not significantly different among the three groups.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated satisfactory survival rates for robotic, navigational, and conventional TKAs and similar clinical outcomes during the long-term follow-up. Larger studies with continuous serial data are needed to confirm these findings.     

Mid-Term Results of Oxford Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Background

This study examined the clinical and radiologic mid-term results of patients treated by Oxford minimally invasive unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

Methods

One hundred and eighty-eight knees of unicompartmental knee arthroplasties with Oxford Uni® in 166 patients (16 males and 150 females), which were performed between 2002 and 2005, were reviewed. The mean age was 65.3 years (range, 44 to 82 years) and the mean follow-up period was 79.8 months (range, 56 to 103 months). The preoperative diagnosis was osteoarthritis in 166 patients, osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle in 20 and chondrocalcinosis in 2.

Results

The mean Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score was 67.5 (range, 52 to 75) preoperatively and 89.9 (range, 85 to 100) at the final follow-up. The mean preoperative flexion contracture was 6.5° (range, 0 to 15°) and 0.8° (range, 0 to 5°) at the final follow-up. The mean full flexion increased from 135° (range, 90 to 150°) preoperatively to 150° (range, 140 to 165°) at the final follow-up. Active full flexion was possible within 2 postoperative months. The squatting and cross-leg postures were possible in 133 patients (80.1%) and 152 patients (91.6%) at the final follow-up. The mean tibiofemoral angle was improved from varus 1.5° to valgus 4.8°. Complications were encountered in 18 cases (9.5%). A bearing dislocation occurred in 10 cases (5.3%), tibial component loosening in 4 cases (2.1%), femoral loosening in 3 cases (1.6%) and lateral translation in 1 case (0.5%). The mean time for a bearing dislocation was 22.6 months (range, 3 to 70 months) postoperatively. Seven cases returned to the predislocation level of activity with the insertion of a thicker bearing and 3 cases converted to total knee arthroplasty.

Conclusions

Minimally invasive unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with Oxford Uni® provided rapid recovery, good pain relief and excellent function suitable for the Korean lifestyle. In contrast, the high complication rates of Oxford Uni® encountered in the mid-term results suggested less reliability than total knee arthroplasty.     

全膝置换术治疗膝关节创伤性关节炎

目的探讨全膝置换术(TKA)在膝关节创伤性关节炎治疗中的特点。方法对8例膝关节严重创伤后形成的骨性关节炎施行了TKA手术,术中采用植骨、加装金属垫片的方法修复塌陷的胫骨平台,对内、外翻不稳的膝关节选择了CCK假体代偿由侧副韧带损伤引起的不完全功能缺失,严重者甚至使用旋转型铰链膝,其他还有通过后方的软组织松解等技术来增加关节活动度。结果采用HSS膝关节评分系统,8例由术前的平均42分上升至术后的平均88分(P<0.05),关节活动度由术前的平均76°升至术后的平均106°(P<0.05)。所有患者随访至少1年以上,平均2.1年,随访结束时膝关节评分平均82分(P<0.05),关节活动度平均93°(P<0.05)。结论根据膝关节创伤性关节炎的损伤特点因人而异地选择合适的TKA手术方案可以获得满意的结果,术中注意防止因骨折畸形愈合所导致的技术上的失误。     

Results of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty With Cemented,Fixed-Bearing Prosthesis Using Minimally Invasive Surgery

The aim of this study was to evaluate the intermediate-term survivorship of cemented fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). One hundred twenty-eight consecutive UKAs in 98 patients were performed by a single surgeon with “Allegretto” UKA prostheses. Six patients died and 5 were lost to follow-up, leaving 87 patients (116 knees) with an average follow-up of 5.7 years (range, 3-8 years). At the latest follow-up, the survival rate was 92.2%; average clinical and functional knee society scores improved from 50 and 64 points preoperatively to 89 and 88 points, respectively; and average total knee score was 171 (range, 94-200). Radiographic follow-up demonstrated average alignment of 3° valgus (range, 6° varus to 7° valgus). Ninety-two percent of the patients indicated satisfaction with the procedure. Nine knees failed requiring revision at an average of 40.4 months. We are encouraged with the satisfactory results, considering the broader spectrum of selected patients.