Assessing the nutritional status of the elderly living at home

PurposeMalnutrition is an important and often unrecognized problem in the elderly living at home, with the estimated prevalence of malnutrition ranging from 13% to 30% depending on the methods used and characteristics of the studied individuals. The aim of the study was to compare three tools for assessing the nutritional status of the elderly in the home setting. The sensitivity and usability of these tools in patients over 65 years of age were studied.Subjects and methodsThe MNA, SGA and MUST assessment tools were tested in the elderly living at home. The study comprised 470 senior citizens (46% of males and 54% of females; a mean age of 74.1 years). Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS v. 17.0 software. Correlations and dependencies were tested with a Chi² goodness of fit test, Cohen's kappa coefficient (α = 0.05) and Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsThe study detected malnutrition in a relatively high proportion of the participants, ranging from 33% to 57.7% depending on the tools used. There were significant differences between individual nutritional assessment tools with respect to identification of at-risk or malnourished patients. The MNA revealed more at-risk or malnourished patients (57.7%) than the MUST (48.3%) or SGA (33.0%).DiscussionThe results are consistent with the high prevalence rates of malnutrition in senior citizens receiving community care reported by other studies.ConclusionsMNA, SGA, and NRS identify different individuals as malnourished or at risk for malnutrition. MNA should be used to assess the nutritional status in elderly in the home setting.     

简易营养评价精法及传统营养评价对老年稳定期慢性阻塞性肺病患者营养状态的评估

目的评估老年稳定期中、重度慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）患者营养不良的发生率。了解简易营养评价精法（MNA—SF）和传统营养评价的相关性,为MNA—SF临床应用提供依据。方法测量52例老年稳定期中、重度COPD患者的体质指数（BMI）,理想体重比（IBW％）,三头肌皮皱厚度（TSF）,上臂肌围（MAMC）,血清白蛋白（ALB）,血色素（UB）,总淋巴细胞计数（TLC）,同时应用传统营养评价法和MNA-SF评估营养不良的发生率。结果营养不良的发生率：传统营养评价人体测量为30．8％-48．1％,实验室检查为19．2％～82．7％。MNA—SF营养不良的检出率为44．2％。MNA—SF与BMI、IBW％、TSF、MAMC有很好的相关性,P〈0．001。结论老年稳定期中、重度COPD患者营养不良发生率用传统营养测量评价为19．2％～82．7％。MNA-SF则为44．2％。MNA-SF是老年人营养评价的可靠方法,简便,适用于临床诊断。     

应用MNA-SF和NRS2002评价老年结直肠癌患者营养状况

目的旨在通过运用营养风险筛查2002(NRS-2002)及微型营养评估精法(short-form mini-nutritional assessment,MNA-SF)工具对125例老年结直肠癌患者进行营养评估,并探讨NRS2002和MNA-SF与传统营养评价方法的相关性。 方法选定2012年3月至2013年9月哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院普外科新入院结直肠癌患者125例作为研究对象。患者入院后48小时内采集营养相关指标,并应用NRS-2002和MNA-SF对患者进行营养评估,分析研究对象营养风险的总体情况,计算两种方法与传统指标的相关性。 结果125例结直肠癌患者应答率100%,无额外费用。用BMI中国标准判定营养不足发生率为30.0%,NRS2002营养风险率为32.8%,MNA-SF营养风险率为59.2%,NRS2002与BMI、Alb、Hb呈显著负相关系(P<0.05),MNA-SF与BMI、Alb、Hb呈显著正相关系(P<0.05)。 结论本组老年结直肠癌患者营养不良发生率较高,NRS2002和MNA-SF均适用于老年结直肠癌患者的营养评估,但尚未发现联合应用的额外获益。     

MNA和MNA-SF评价老年人营养状况比较

目的　比较简易营养评价法 (MNA)和简易营养评价精法 (MNA SF) 2种评价老年人营养状况方法 ,以及 2种方法和传统营养指标的相关性。　 方法　利用MNA、MNA SF量表对住院老年人进行调查 ,同时测定传统营养指标。　 结果　MNA量表测试结果 :住院老年人营养不良患病率为 3 6 1% ;潜在营养不良的有 46 5 % ;营养正常的有 17 4% ;MNA SF量表测试结果 :住院老年人营养不良患病率为 71 5 % ;营养正常的为 2 8 5 %。MNA SF与MNA相比 ,敏感性为 85 7% ,特异性 96 0 % ,准确性 87 5 % ,相关系数为 0 93 3 ,且与传统营养指标的相关性一致。　 结论　MNA与MNA SF是快捷、简便、可靠的老年营养状况评价方法 ,且MNA SF更简便、更适用于临床调查。     

MNA联合SGA在炎症性肠病患者营养评价中的应用

目的:探讨炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)患者营养评估的合理方法.方法:选择微型营养评定法(MNA)联合营养状况主观综合评估(SGA)对IBD患者进行营养状态评估,同时结合包括血红蛋白(Hb)、总淋巴细胞计数(TLC)、前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(ALB)以及血浆钠、钾和钙浓度等实验室指标进行相关性分析.结果:Pearson相关分析显示,MNA值与Hb、ALB、和Na+有显著相关性(r=0.281,P=0.013;r=0.413,P=0.000;r=0.309,P=0.014).Kendall'stau-b相关方法分析证明MNA与SGA两种营养评估方法具有很好的相关性(r=0.772,P=0.000).结论:MNA联合SGA对IBD患者进行营养状况评估科学、准确.     

结直肠癌患者围手术期营养评估进展

结直肠癌是最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率和死亡率在全球仍呈上升趋势,严重威胁着人类的健康。结直肠癌围手术期的病理生理特点决定了疾病进程中,极易发生营养不良,继而导致免疫功能障碍,降低机体对各种抗癌治疗的耐受性,增加术后的并发症,延长住院时间,降低患者生存质量并影响预后。因此,结直肠癌患者在进行营养治疗前,应进行客观的个体化营养评估,为适时、适度的营养治疗提供依据。笔者以近期国内外研究为基础,回顾了目前结直肠癌围手术期营养评估的主要方法和热点问题,希望能为营养干预提供参考。     

不同营养评价方法在老年心血管患者中应用的比较

目的 在老年心血管患者中比较微型营养评估法 （mini nutritional assessment,MNA）和微犁营养评估简易法 （short-form mini nutritional assessment,MNA-SF）,并了解上述两种方法与传统营养指标的相关性.方法 采用横断面调查,随机抽取2009年12月至2010年3月间入住上海市徐汇区中心医院,年龄≥6 0岁,临床诊断明确的心血管患者170例,分别记录生化及人体测量指标,分别采用MNA、MNA-SF量表进行评分和行相关统计分析.结果 （1）以MNA法和MNA-SF法的不同营养状况组别比较BMI、三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围、小腿围、白蛋白、血红蛋白指标均随营养状况的下降而降低,统计显示差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）;（2）采用MNA和MNA-SF方法评估老年心血管患者营养状况,其结果高度一致,观察一致率=85．3％,Kappa 值=0．706.两种分数的相关系数r=0．839,（=O．036）;（3）MNA 和 MNA-SF 线性回归方程式为 MNA=1．31 （MNA-SF）＋7．76.结论 MNA与 MNA-SF 均能较早和综合评价心血管疾病老年患者的营养状况,其结果有较高的一致性.MNA-SF 更为快捷、简便,值得提倡.     

上海市900例老年住院结核病患者营养状况调查分析

目的 分析上海市老年结核病住院患者营养状况及其风险因素,为早期营养干预老年结核病住院患者提供依据。方法 连续性收集2018年8月1日至2019年8月1日同济大学附属上海市肺科医院结核病区住院超过24 h且确诊为结核病的1100例≥65岁老年患者,剔除无体质量记录、严重糖尿病、严重高血压、肝肾功能不全,以及神志不清者,最终纳入900例。对纳入患者的临床相关资料[包括患者性别、年龄、临床诊断、并发症、治疗次数、出入院日期、营养风险筛查量表(NRS 2002)分值]及营养相关指标[血红蛋白(Hb)、血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血清前白蛋白(PAB)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、预后营养指数(PNI)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)等因素]进行统计,分析影响老年结核病患者营养风险发生的危险因素。900例老年结核病患者中,443例(49.22%)NRS 2002≥3分者纳入有营养风险组,457例(50.78%)NRS 2002<3分者纳入无营养风险组。结果 因素分析显示,有营养风险组患者在75~和80~90岁组[18.28%(81/443)和18.51%(82/443)]、BMI<18.5[40.41%(179/443)]、治疗2次及以上[25.51%(113/443)]、结核性胸膜炎[21.67%(96/443)]方面的分布均明显高于无营养风险组[分别为9.19%(42/457)和8.75%(40/457)、0.00%(0/457)、17.51%(80/457)、13.13%(60/457)](χ²=51.350,299.500, 8.818, 16.280;P=0.000,0.000,0.012,0.000)。营养相关临床指标检测结果显示,有营养风险组患者的TP[(64.88±0.34)g/L]、ALB[(34.15±0.23)g/L]、PAB[(138.60±3.26)g/L]、Hb[(113.60±0.84)g/L]、RBP[(26.32±0.50)g/L]、PNI[(39.61±0.35)]均低于无营养风险组患者[分别为(67.30±0.28)g/L、(38.18±0.16)g/L、(194.10±3.22)g/L、(126.70±0.79)g/L、(34.32±0.22)g/L、(45.51±0.26)][F=19.496, 79.334, 34.030, 22.808,21.326, 72.464;P值均=0.000];而NLR(5.44±0.32)和住院时间[(6.61±0.17)d]明显高于无营养风险组患者[分别为(3.29±0.14),(5.53±0.13)d][F=6.335, P=0.012;F=5.994,P=0.015]。结论 老年结核病患者营养风险发生率较高,且与年龄、治疗次数呈正相关、与BMI呈负相关,并表现为有营养风险组患者的TP、ALB、PAB、Hb、RBP、PNI均明显低于无营养风险组患者,严重影响临床治疗效果、延长住院时间。     

Improving nutritional status assessment in patients with chronic pancreatitis

Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder causing irreversible destruction of pancreatic tissue, leading to malnutrition. A previous study has found that currently used screening methods (periodic recording of body weight and faecal and serological markers) fall short in identifying and curbing malnutrition. Moreover, data is lacking regarding change in nutritional status over time. The aim of our study is to investigate changes in nutritional status in CP patients over time and to determine whether a more extensive set of measurements would be beneficial for nutritional screening of these patients.

失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者营养状况分析

目的 了解和评估失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的营养状况。方法 选取本院2015年9月～2016年8月住院的失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者32例和慢性乙型肝炎患者40例,入院后测量患者身高、体质量,并计算体质指数（BMI）。住院24小时内空腹采静脉血检测血清白蛋白（Alb）和视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）等指标,并以BMI、Alb评估患者营养不良状况。采用营养风险筛查2002（NRS2002）评估患者营养风险。结果 失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化组BMI为（22.21±2.79） kg/m2,与慢性乙型肝炎组（21.70±2.74） kg/m2比,无统计学差异（P>0.05）;失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化组血清Alb和RBP分别为（28.05±4.71）g/L和（10.88±9.36）mg/L,均显著低于慢性乙型肝炎组【分别为（41.57±3.47） g/L和（23.67±10.48） mg/L,P<0.000］;以BMI或Alb评估失偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者营养不良发生率分别为81.3%和93.8%,显著高于慢性乙型肝炎组（分别为0.0%和2.5%,P<0.000）;以NRS2002评估失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者存在营养风险百分比为59.4%,显著高于慢性乙型肝炎组的2.5%（P<0.000）。结论 失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者存在高比例的营养不良及营养风险,应注意干预。     

NRS2002、MNA和MNA-SF评价老年患者营养状况

目的 采用营养风险筛查(NRS2002)、微型营养评估表(MNA)、微型营养评定简表(MNA-SF)对某医院老年医学科新入院老年患者进行营养风险筛查,以明确老年患者营养风险现状和营养筛查工具的适用性,为基层医院临床营养筛查提供科学证据.方法 采用连续定点抽样方法,收集患者一般信息,使用NRS2002、MNA、MNA-S...     

MNA-SF在老年高血压患者营养评价中的应用研究

目的探讨简易营养评价精法在老年高血压患者中运用的可行性。方法利用MNA-SF量表对老年高血压患者的营养状况做调查。结果 MNA-SF量表结果显示,营养不良者占11%,营养正常者占89%。结论 老年高血压患者仍存在营养不良的现象,应加强护理和健康教育。MNA-SF在老年高血压患者的营养评价中有一定的实用价值。     

Nutritional and vitamin status in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms

Symptoms of gastroenteropancreatic located neuroendocrine neoplasms(GEPNENs) are often related to food intake and manifest as abdominal pain or diarrhoea which can influence patients nutritional status. Malnutrition is common in cancer patients and influences quality of life, treatment options and survival but is also present in up to 40% of patients with GEP-NENs. As part of malnutrition there are often deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins, mainly vitamin D. Little knowledge exists on trace elements. Several factors influence the development of malnutrition such as size and localisation of the primary tumour as well as metastases, side effects from treatment but also hormone production of the tumour itself. One of the main influencing factors leading to malnutrition is diarrhoea which leads to dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. Treatment of diarrhoea should be guided by its cause. Screening for malnutrition should be part of routine care in every GEP-NEN patient. Multidisciplinary treatment including dietician support is necessary for all malnourished patients with GEP-NENs.     

必须重视结核病患者的营养治疗

营养不良是影响结核病治疗效果及预后的重要因素。目前,随着糖尿病、HIV感染等患者并发结核病及耐药结核病逐渐增多,使得营养问题受到越来越多学者关注。多项临床研究证据表明,在结核病患者治疗期间应用某些营养物质或免疫增强剂能够提高结核病患者的免疫力,促进结核病灶的钙化和修复,减少并发肺部其他感染性疾病的发生率,降低结核病的死亡率。临床营养的地位也已从营养支持逐渐向营养治疗转变。     

Impact of nutritional status on long-term functional outcomes of post-acute stroke patients in Taiwan

Nutritional status is important in stroke care, but little is known regarding to the prognostic role of nutritional status on long-term functional outcomes among stroke survivors. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate to the prognostic role of nutritional status on long-term functional outcomes among stroke survivors. Data of acute stroke registry in Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital were retrieved for analysis. Overall, 483 patients (mean age = 70.7 ± 10.3 years) with first-ever stroke were found. Among them, 95 patients (19.7%) were malnourished at admission, 310 (mean age = 70.4 ± 10.1 years, 63.5% males) survived for 6 months, and 244 (78.7%) had good functional outcomes. Subjects with poor functional outcomes were older (74.7 ± 8.9 vs. 69.0 ± 10.1 years, p < 0.001), more likely to be malnourished (56.2% vs. 26.6%, p < 0.001), to develop pneumonia upon admission (23.3% vs. 12.7%, p = 0.027), had a longer hospital stay (23.5 ± 13.9 vs. 12.5 ± 8.2 days, p < 0.001), had a higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (12.9 ± 9.3 vs. 4.9 ± 4.3, p < 0.001), poorer stroke recovery (NIHSS improvement: 6.9% vs. 27.4%, p = 0.005), and poorer functional improvement (Barthel index = BI improvement in the first month: 31.4% vs. 138%, p < 0.001). Older age (odds ratio = OR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI = 1.03-1.11, p < 0.001), baseline NIHSS score (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.15-1.31, p < 0.001) and malnutrition at acute stroke (OR = 2.57, 95%CI: 1.29-5.13, p < 0.001) were all independent risk factors for poorer functional outcomes. In conclusion, as a potentially modifiable factor, more attentions should be paid to malnutrition to promote quality of stroke care since the acute stage.     

Must value nutritional treatment of tuberculosis patients

营养不良是影响结核病治疗效果及预后的重要因素。目前,随着糖尿病、HIV感染等患者并发结核病及耐药结核病逐渐增多,使得营养问题受到越来越多学者关注。多项临床研究证据表明,在结核病患者治疗期间应用某些营养物质或免疫增强剂能够提高结核病患者的免疫力,促进结核病灶的钙化和修复,减少并发肺部其他感染性疾病的发生率,降低结核病的死亡率。临床营养的地位也已从营养支持逐渐向营养治疗转变。     

Prevalence of under-nutrition,associated factors and perceived nutritional status among elderly in a rural area of Puducherry,South India

BackgroundUnder-nutrition among elderly goes undetected, despite their nature of vulnerability to it. Majority of the available literature assessed under nutrition in the facility based settings. We aimed to determine the prevalence of under-nutrition and its associated factors among elderly, in a rural setting.MethodsA community based cross sectional survey was conducted among elderly in one of the randomly selected sub centre catchment area in rural Puducherry, south India. Information on socio demographic characteristics, morbidities and perception on their nutritional status were obtained. Anthropometric measures such as weight and arm span were measured by trained medical graduate as per the standard guidelines. Bodymass index (BMI) less than 18.5 kg/m² was considered as under-nutrition.ResultsOf total 296 elderly in the study setting, 271 (92%) participated in the study. The prevalence of under nutrition among the elderly was 24.8% (95% CI: 19.7–30.3). More than half of the elderly (58.7%) perceived their nutritional status as poor; of them 28.9% were actually under-nourished. Mean (SD) BMI scores were higher for elderly women compared to that of men [elderly women vs men: 22 (4.6) kg/m² vs 21 (3.8) kg/m², p = 0.03]. In multivariate analysis, being an elderly male, age more than 70 years and per capita income less than 1000 INR were found to be significantly associated with under-nutrition.ConclusionIn this rural area, one fourth of elderly were under nourished. Urgent inter-sectoral measures including food security programs are required to address this huge nutritional problem in this vulnerable group.     

Frailty score of older patients with haematological malignancies: unsuspected role of mild cognitive impairment

Frailty assessment in older patients with haematological malignancies is extremely beneficial in order to optimize treatment decisions and supportive interventions. A comprehensive geriatric assessment can provide a better understanding of the functional age than clinical judgement by evaluating several skills domains such as physical function, autonomy, comorbidities, nutrition, cognition, psychological status and social support. However, the use of a multidisciplinary geriatric assessment may fail to detect unsuspected vulnerability such as mild cognitive impairment among so-called “clinically fit” patients. The objective of this paper is to update the current knowledge about predictive factors for toxicity and “frailty scoring” in older patients with haematological malignancies. The unsuspected major role of cognitive impairment and how to detect it will be emphasized.     

有或无营养风险的老年肺结核住院患者相关临床指标的对比研究

目的通过对≥65周岁的老年肺结核住院患者进行营养风险筛查,了解其与实验室检查结果、住院时间和住院费用之间的相关性。方法收集2019年9月1日至2020年5月31日在南京市第二医院结核一科住院,年龄≥65周岁,诊断为肺结核的89例患者。采用《营养风险筛查2002》(简称"《NRS 2002》")对其进行营养风险筛查,根据评分结果将患者分为有营养风险组(NRS≥3分;42例)和无营养风险组(NRS<3分;47例)。同时收集所有患者入院时的血红蛋白含量、血淋巴细胞计数、血C反应蛋白水平、血白蛋白水平、血视黄醇结合蛋白水平、胸部CT显示肺叶受累的肺叶数、住院时间和住院费用,对两组患者各项指标进行比较,《NRS 2002》得分高低与不同观察指标的相关性分析采用线性相关分析。结果无营养风险组患者的血红蛋白、血淋巴细胞计数、血白蛋白、血视黄醇结合蛋白分别为(124.4±21.8)g/L、1.3(0.9,1.8)×109/L、(37.5±4.5)g/L和28.7(23.2,35.0)g/L,明显高于有营养风险组患者的(108.0±18.3)g/L、0.9(0.6,1.2)×109/L、(34.9...     

A comparative study of relevant clinical indicators in elderly hospitalized pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without nutritional risk

目的 通过对≥65周岁的老年肺结核住院患者进行营养风险筛查,了解其与实验室检查结果、住院时间和住院费用之间的相关性。 方法 收集2019年9月1日至2020年5月31日在南京市第二医院结核一科住院,年龄≥65周岁,诊断为肺结核的89例患者。采用《营养风险筛查2002》(简称“《NRS 2002》”)对其进行营养风险筛查,根据评分结果将患者分为有营养风险组(NRS≥3分;42例)和无营养风险组(NRS<3分;47例)。同时收集所有患者入院时的血红蛋白含量、血淋巴细胞计数、血C反应蛋白水平、血白蛋白水平、血视黄醇结合蛋白水平、胸部CT显示肺叶受累的肺叶数、住院时间和住院费用,对两组患者各项指标进行比较,《NRS 2002》得分高低与不同观察指标的相关性分析采用线性相关分析。 结果 无营养风险组患者的血红蛋白、血淋巴细胞计数、血白蛋白、血视黄醇结合蛋白分别为(124.4±21.8)g/L、1.3(0.9,1.8)×10⁹/L、(37.5±4.5)g/L和28.7(23.2,35.0)g/L,明显高于有营养风险组患者的(108.0±18.3)g/L、0.9(0.6,1.2)×10⁹/L、(34.9±5.0)g/L和18.4(13.8,28.0)g/L;C反应蛋白和住院费用分别为5.7(2.4,15.0)mg/L和19163.4(15293.1,24597.5)元,明显低于有营养风险组患者的35.3(6.0,76.9)mg/L和22022.1(18298.7,29410.2)元;差异均有统计学意义(t=3.834,P<0.001;Z=3.017,P=0.003;t=2.602,P=0.011;Z=3.846,P<0.001;Z=3.090,P=0.002;Z=2.367,P=0.018)。有营养风险组患者肺叶受累个数[5(5,5)个]、住院时间[14(11,21)d]与无营养风险组[5(3,5)个、15(12,22)d]比较,差异均无统计学意义(Z=0.892,P=0.372;Z=1.182,P=0.237)。营养风险与血红蛋白、血淋巴细胞计数、血白蛋白、血视黄醇结合蛋白水平呈负相关(相关系数分别为-0.419、-0.240、-0.308、-0.392,P值分别为<0.001、0.024、0.003、<0.001),与C反应蛋白水平和住院费用呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.226和0.279,P值分别为0.033和0.008)。结论 有营养风险的患者更易出现贫血、血淋巴细胞计数减少、低白蛋白血症、感染、血视黄醇结合蛋白降低,且容易增加住院费用。