Clinical efficacy of combined topical 0.05% cyclosporine A and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate in the dry eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of combined topical 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA; Restasis®, Allergan pharmaceuticals, USA) and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate treatment in dry eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS: In a retrospective analysis, 53 patients (106 eyes) with MGD were enrolled and performed lid warm massage for 10min daily and be instilled preservative free sodium hyaluronate 0.1% eye drops 4 times daily. Patients were divided into subjects treated with topical 0.05% CsA and preservative free sodium hyaluronate vehicle (experimental group, n=74 eyes) and subjects treated with the preservative free sodium hyaluronate vehicle (control group, n=32 eyes). They were evaluated at baseline and 1, 2, and 3mo for subjective symptoms and objective signs including tear film break-up time (tBUT), Schirmer test, corneal staining (CS) score, lid margin telangiectasia (LMT), meibomian gland secretion (MGS), and conjunctival injection (CI). RESULTS: In the short-term treatment, the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in the ocular surface disease index (OSDI; P<0.001), tBUT (P=0.004), Schirmer test score (P=0.008) and LMT (P=0.021) by repeated measure ANOVA. Additionally, mean changes from baseline in OSDI (P<0.001), tBUT (P=0.001), Schirmer test score (P=0.029), CS score (P=0.047), LMT (P=0.002), CI (P=0.030) were improved better in the experimental group than in the control group at 3mo. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in MGS (P=0.67). CONCLUSION: In dry eyes with MGD, 0.05% CsA improves the tear film stability as well as subjective ocular discomfort, and is effective in controlling lid margin inflammation.     

【In Press】Cinical efficacy of combined topical 0.05% cyclosporin A and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate in the dry eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of combined topical 0.05% cyclosporin A (CsA, Restasis®, Allergan pharmaceuticals, USA) and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate treatment in dry eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, 53 patients (106 eyes) with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were enrolled and performed lid warm massage for 10min daily and be instilled preservative free sodium hyaluronate 0.1% eye drops 4 times daily. Patients were divided into subjects treated with topical 0.05% cyclosporine A and preservative free sodium hyaluronate vehicle (CsA group, n=74 eyes) and subjects treated with the preservative free sodium hyaluronate vehicle (control group, n=32 eyes). They were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3mo for subjective symptoms and objective signs including tear break-up time, schirmer test, corneal staining score, lid margin telangiectasia, meibomian gland secretion, and conjunctival injection. RESULTS: In the short-term treatment, CsA group showed a statistically significant improvement in the ocular surface disease index (P<0.001), tear film break-up time (P=0.004), schirmer test score (P=0.008) and lid margin telangiectasia (P=0.021) by repeated measure ANOVA. Additionally, mean changes from baseline in ocular surface disease index (P<0.001), tear film breakup time (P=0.001), schirmer test score (P=0.029), corneal staining score (P=0.047), eyelid margin telangiectasia (P=0.002), conjunctival injection (P=0.030) were improved better in CsA group than in the control group at 3mo. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in meibomian gland secretion (P=0.67). CONCLUSIONS: In dry eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction, 0.05% cyclosporin A improves the tear film stability as well as subjective ocular discomfort, and is effective in controlling lid margin inflammation.     

飞秒激光与传统LASIK术后干眼参数变化

目的：应用Keratograph 5M比较飞秒激光与传统LASIK术后干眼症状和体征的变化。

方法：收集2017-06/11行角膜屈光手术患者60例120眼,其中行飞秒激光LASIK手术30例60眼,传统LASIK手术30例60眼,于术前和术后1wk,1、3、6mo进行眼科常规检查和Keratograph 5M干眼检查并完成眼表疾病指数(OSDI)问卷。

结果：术后1wk,两组OSDI评分均高于术前(P<0.01),术后1mo两组均恢复到术前水平(P>0.05)。传统组术后1wk,1、3mo非侵入性泪膜破裂时间均比术前缩短(P<0.01),飞秒激光组术后1wk,1mo泪膜破裂时间均比术前缩短(P<0.01),术后3mo,飞秒激光组泪膜破裂时间均明显高于传统组(P<0.01)。术后1wk,1mo,两组泪河高度均较术前降低(P<0.01),脂质层均较术前变薄(P<0.05)。

结论：无论飞秒激光制瓣LASIK还是传统LASIK术都可影响泪膜的稳定性,引起干眼症状,影响程度随术后时间逐渐减弱,但飞秒制瓣能更快恢复至术前水平。     

Evaluation of Dry Eye after Minimal in Situ Conjunctival Incision for Segmental Scleral Buckling Surgery

Objective: To compare dry eye signs and symptoms after minimal in situ conjunctival incision for segmental scleral buckling surgery. Methods: In this prospective clinical study, consecutive patients, enrolled in the Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, from May 2015 to April 2017, who had minimal in situ conjunctival incision or standard segmental scleral buckling surgery were assessed. Dry eye markers including the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and subjective symptom questionnaire, tear-film assessment using Keratograph 5M corneal topography, Schirmer Ⅰ testing, and fluorescein staining were sequentially evaluated preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively. A Chi-square test, Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences between the two groups. Results: Seventy-eight patients (78 eyes) with similar baseline characteristics were recruited. Most patients developed dry eye postoperatively. Subjective symptoms and fluorescein staining scores elevated from baseline, tear break-up time and Schirmer Ⅰ testing values decreased postoperatively, which peaked at 1 day and did not return to baseline within 1 month. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups (all P>0.05) at 1 day and 1 week except for the higher tear meniscus height (Z=1.04, P=0.041), noninvasive first tear break-up time and average break-up time (t=2.51, P<0.001), and Schirmer Ⅰ test values (Z=2.34, P=0.043), in the minimal in situ conjunctival incision group at 1 month postoperatively. OSDI scores and subjective symptoms were lower in the minimal in situ conjunctival incision group at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively (OSDI: t1 week=2.54, P=0.012; Z1 month=-1.03, P=0.020; subjective symptoms: t1 week=3.04, P=0.011; t1 month=3.94, P<0.001). Sub group analysis using flouesecein staining showed obvious worsening 1 day, 1 week and 1 month postoperatively in patients with preoperative dry eye (Z=-2.42, P<0.001; Z=-1.54, P=0.034; Z=-1.83, P=0.041). Conclusions: Segmental scleral buckling surgery can induce or aggravate dry eyes. Compared with standard procedures, minimal in situ conjunctival incision segmental scleral buckling surgery can improve and shorten the ocular surface discomfort in the early postoperative period, especially in patients with dry eyes before surgery.     

微创切口巩膜扣带术后干眼的评估

目的：评估微创切口巩膜扣带术后的干眼情况。方法：前瞻性临床研究。选取2015年5月至2017年4月在西安交通大学第一附属医院眼科就诊的孔源性视网膜脱离拟行巩膜扣带术的患者78例（78眼）,按随机数字表法分为2组：微创组接受微创切口巩膜扣带术,对照组接受标准巩膜扣带术。术前1周（基线）和术后1 d、1周和1个月分别采用眼表疾病指数（OSDI）和受试者干眼问卷进行干眼相关指标评估, 运用眼表综合分析仪进行泪膜评估,采用Schirmer Ⅰ试验和荧光素染色。计数资料采用χ2 检验进行组间比较,2组间比较采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验。结果：2组患者基线资料差异无统计学意义。大部分患者在巩膜扣带术后发生或加重了干眼。主观症状和感受评分、荧光素染色评分均升高,泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌试验均下降,术后1 d是拐点,术后1个月未回归至术前基线水平。2组泪河高度、泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌试验和荧光素染色情况在术后1 d和1周差异无统计意义; 但是术后1个月时,微创组的泪河高度（Z=1.04,P=0.041）、泪膜破裂时间（t=2.51,P<0.001）和泪液 分泌试验（Z=2.34,P=0.043）优于对照组。微创组的OSDI和干眼问卷评分在术后1周和1个月时高 于对照组（OSDI：t术后1周=2.54,P=0.012;Z术后1个月=-1.03,P=0.020;干眼问卷：t术后1周=3.04,P=0.011; t术后1个月=3.94,P<0.001）。术前合并干眼的患者在巩膜扣带术后1 d、1周和1个月荧光素染色评分均明显升高（Z=-2.42,P<0.001;Z=-1.54,P=0.034;Z=-1.83,P=0.041）。结论：巩膜扣带术会诱发或加重干眼。相比标准术式,微创切口巩膜扣带术会改善和缩短术后早期的干眼症状,尤其是术前合并干眼的患者,行微创切口巩膜扣带术干眼风险更小。     

Effects of dietary high dose DHA omega-3 supplement in dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dietary supplement of high dose DHA omega-3 in dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS: Prospective randomized double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in mild to moderate dry eye patients with MGD. Patients have no history of taking any dietary omega-3 supplements before 3mo. Patients were divided into two groups: 24 patients in the omega-3 group and 26 patients in the placebo group. The omega-3 group received two capsules of Easyeye Dry®, total containing 600 mg of EPA and 1640 mg of DHA, while the placebo group received two capsules containing 3000 mg of olive oil. All patients take two pills once a day. The examination of MGD scores, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining test (NEI), strip meniscometry (SM tube), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were performed at baseline, after 4 and 8wk. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were included. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups, such as age, sex, and other ocular examination findings. The TBUT, NEI, and OSDI scores significantly improved after 4 and 8wk in both groups. While after 8wk TBUT (6.00±1.62s vs 5.08±1.28s, P=0.034) and MGD score (7.2±1.8 vs 8.1±2.6, P=0.033) in the omega-3 group was more significantly improved than that of the placebo group. CONCLUSION: Dry eye with the MGD patient, a high dose of DHA omega-3 dietary supplement can improve TBUT and MGD score after 8wk, effective in stabilizing the tear film.     

A型肉毒素治疗特发性眼睑痉挛后眼表改变

目的：通过比较A型肉毒素治疗特发性眼睑痉挛前后患者眼表指标的变化,探讨其对眼表稳定性的影响。方法：前瞻性研究。收集2017年1-6月就诊于延安大学附属医院眼科门诊欲行A型肉毒素注射治疗的特发性眼睑痉挛患者,分别于注射前、注射后2周采用Jankovic量表（JRS）对其病情进行评分;采用眼表疾病指数量表（OSDI）对其眼表症状进行评分;裂隙灯显微镜观察泪膜破裂时间（BUT）和角膜荧光素钠染色情况;Schirmer Ⅰ试验测定泪液分泌量。采用配对t检验和Spearman秩相关检验对所得数据进行分析。结果：共纳入特发性眼睑痉挛患者30例（60眼）,其中60%（18/30）合并干眼,且OSDI评分与JRS评分呈弱的正相关关系（r=0.278P=0.032）。所有患者经A型肉毒素注射后病情均有不同程度的缓解,JRS评分由5.5±1.0减少至0.6±1.0（t=25.730,P<0.001）。同时干眼患者中12例干眼症状也得到了缓解,OSDI评分由34.0±7.8下降为21.7±9.1（t=7.946,P<0.001）;BUT由（6.3±2.1）s增加至（8.0±2.0）s （t=4.389,P<0.001）;角膜荧光素钠染色评分也由1.0±1.0下降至0.6±0.7（t=2.963,P=0.004）,治疗前后比较差异均具有统计学意义。结论：A型肉毒素注射治疗有助于缓解特发性眼睑痉挛引起的干眼。     

Correlation between corneal sensitivity, subjective dry eye symptoms and corneal staining in Sjögren's syndrome

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a poor correlation between dry eye symptoms and objective clinical signs in patients with Sj?gren's syndrome.We examined the hypothesis that reduced corneal sensitivity is associated with increased ocular surface disease and reduced symptoms in patients with Sj?gren's syndrome. METHODS: Eighteen subjects with a diagnosis of Sj?gren's syndrome attending a Sj?gren's clinic participated in the study. All participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the Symptom Severity of Discomfort (SSD) scale and answered a question regarding overall severity of dry eye symptoms.The subjects underwent measurement of best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, corneal sensitivity testing with the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, fluorescein and lissamine green staining of the cornea, Schirmer's test I and determination of the tear film break-up time.The results were analysed using Pearson correlational analysis. RESULTS: Both fluorescein and lissamine green staining of the cornea correlated negatively with central corneal sensation (r = -0.3542, p = 0.034, and r = -0.3748, p = 0.029 respectively), indicating that corneal sensation was reduced with increased ocular surface disease. The overall symptom severity correlated negatively with lissamine green staining of the cornea (r = -0.4310, p = 0.011), suggesting reduced symptoms with increased corneal disease. INTERPRETATION: Reduced corneal sensation correlated with increased ocular surface disease. Ocular surface disease similarly demonstrated a reciprocal relation with patients' dry eye symptoms. Consequently, we found that patients with Sjogren's syndrome with advanced corneal staining tended to have fewer dry eye symptoms than patients with less corneal staining.     

Effect of mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose on dry eye in postmenopausal women

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops on dry eye in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Sixty postmenopause female patients diagnosed of dry eye were assigned randomly to mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops treatment group (n=30) and control group treated with normal saline eye drops (n=30). The subjective symptoms of ocular surface, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear film function tests, tear protein and corneal morphology by confocal scanning microscopy were analyzed before treatment and at 1, 2, 4 and 8wk after treatment respectively. To ensure the safety of the trial, all patients were examined with systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, urine creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen at 8wk after treatment. RESULTS: There were no obvious differences between two groups before the treatment (P>0.05). In two months after the treatment, the symptoms of ocular surface, OSDI, tear protein, and tear film function were only slightly changed in normal saline eye drops group. However, all indices were improved after the treatment of mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops group (P<0.05). In addition, the average amount of corneal epithelium basal cells and inflammatory cells of mistletoe treated group were 3174±379 and 38±25 cells/mm2, significantly decreased as compared to the control group with 4309±612 and 158± 61 cells/mm2, respectively. In the control group, although nerves still maintained straight under corneal epithelium, the number of nerves were significantly decreased, as compared with normal female. In the mistletoe treated group, the number of nerves was only slightly reduced, compared with normal female. CONCLUSION: Mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops can alleviate the symptoms and signs of dry eye symptoms.     

P2Y2受体激动剂局部滴眼治疗糖尿病相关干眼的临床分析

目的:观察P2Y₂受体激动剂地夸磷索钠(DQS)滴眼液治疗糖尿病相关干眼的临床疗效。方法:选取2022-01/03就诊于我院的糖尿病相关干眼患者80例160眼作为研究对象,随机分为研究组(40例80眼,使用3%DQS滴眼液治疗)和对照组(40例80眼,使用0.3%玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗)。分别在基线、治疗后1wk, 1、3mo进行眼表疾病指数(OSDI)评分、非接触式泪河高度(NITMH)、首次非侵入式泪膜破裂时间(NIBUTf)、平均非侵入式泪膜破裂时间(NIBUTav)、睑板腺缺失评分、脂质层厚度分级、眼红分析(包括结膜等级、睫状等级)等检查,采用眼表染色评分(OSS)法进行角结膜染色评分,并分别在基线、治疗后3mo行结膜印迹细胞学和共聚焦显微镜检查。结果:治疗前后,两组患者OSDI评分、睑板腺缺失评分、结膜等级和睫状等级评分均无组间差异(P>0.05)。治疗后1、3mo,研究组OSS评分均低于对照组,NITMH、NIBUTf、NIBUTav均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后3mo,研究组结膜杯状细胞密度较基线增多、角膜树突状细胞较基线减少(均P&l...     

非加热型湿房镜治疗干眼的临床疗效

目的评价湿房镜治疗干眼的临床疗效。方法自身对照临床研究。连续收集2012年11月至2013年6月期间在门诊就诊的轻中度干眼患者56例（56眼）,填写干眼症状问卷、眼表疾病指数量表（OSDI）问卷,并进行眨眼频次、结膜充血程度、角膜荧光染色及泪液分泌试验（SIT）和泪膜破裂时间（BUT）测定。予配戴湿房镜1周后再次检查,内容同上。采用自身对照的配对t检验或秩和检验对治疗前后的数据进行统计学分析,并用秩和相关检验方法分析眼表保护指数（OPI）与角膜荧光染色的相关性。结果56例干眼患者配戴湿房镜1周后,干眼症状明显改善,其中干眼问卷评分（Z=-5.084,P＜0.01）及OSDI问卷评分（Z=-5.149,P＜0.01）较治疗前改善,差异有统计学意义;眨眼频次减少（t=6.430,P<0.01）;睑结膜充血（Z=-4.185,P＜0.01）、球结膜充血（Z=-2.598,P＜0.01）、角膜荧光染色（Z=-5.001,P＜0.01）及体征总分（Z=-5.288,P＜0.01）等临床体征评分明显降低,差异均有统计学意义;BUT明显增加（t=7.416,P<0.01）,OPI明显增加（Z=-5.622,P＜0.01）,差异具统计学意义。OPI指数与角膜荧光染色评分呈负相关（r=-0.445,P＜0.01）。结论湿房镜可有效缓解轻中度干眼患者主观症状,稳定泪膜,减轻临床体征,是干眼的有效治疗手段之一。     

Association between the levels of prostaglandin E2 in tears and severity of dry eye

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in tears and dry eye disease severity based on both clinical symptoms and signs. METHODS: Tear samples were collected from 36 non-Sjögren syndrome dry eye patients (10 males and 26 females, mean age 50.11±11.17y). All participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination including, tear film breakup time (TBUT), ocular surface fluorescein staining, Schirmer I test, and meibomian gland assessment. The level of PGE2 in tears was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The independent associations between tear PGE2 levels and other variables including demographics, OSDI scores, TBUT, Schirmer scores, ocular surface staining scores, and stage of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were evaluated using linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean PGE2 level in tears of dry eye patients was 537.85±234.02 pg/mL. The tear PGE2 levels significantly positively correlated with OSDI scores (R=0.608, P<0.001), however, they did not significantly associate with TBUT (R=0.153, P=0.373), Schirmer scores (R=-0.098, P=0.570), ocular surface staining scores (R=0.282, P=0.095), and stage of MGD (R=-0.107, P=0.535). Male sex was significantly negatively correlated with tear PGE2 levels. CONCLUSION: The levels of PGE2 in tears are positively correlated with dry eye symptoms. However, no significant association was found between tear PGE2 levels and the results of other common dry eye diagnostic tests.     

年龄相关性白内障超声乳化术后干眼的观察

目的：探讨年龄相关性白内障患者超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后干眼情况及其临床特点。方法：对我院2014－05／2015－10期间眼科门诊实施白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的年龄相关性白内障患者145例145眼,术前3d,术后1wk,1、3、6mo进行眼部检查。检查项目包括：（1）眼表疾病指数问卷;（2）泪河;（3）角膜荧光素染色;（4）泪膜破裂时间（BUT）;（5）泪液分泌试验（Schirmer Ⅰtest,SⅠt）。结果：年龄相关性白内障患者超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后可出现干眼症状及体征,如泪河线变窄, BUT缩短、SⅠt值下降,角膜荧光素染色着色。此现象可在术后1 wk即可出现,术后1 mo时达到最明显的状态,持续至术后3mo,术后6mo部分患者的症状可有一定程度恢复。结论：老年人由于其特殊生理特点,超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后30 d出现严重的干眼,之后可缓慢恢复。应适时给予预防和治疗,从而提高患者的眼部舒适度及视觉质量。     

卡波姆眼用凝胶联合聚乙二醇滴眼液治疗干眼症的疗效

目的:探讨卡波姆眼用凝胶联合聚乙二醇滴眼液治疗干眼症的临床疗效.方法:干眼症患者120例240眼随机分为观察组(60例120眼)和对照组(60例120眼),两组患者均给予聚乙二醇滴眼液,观察组在此基础上使用卡波姆眼用凝胶,疗程为1mo.对两组患者白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)水平和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平、眼部症状评分[眼表疾病指数(ocular surface disease index,OSDI)、泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT)、基础泪液分泌试验Ⅰ(SchirmerⅠtest,SⅠt)、角膜荧光素染色(corneal fluorescein staining,FL)]、疗效和不良反应进行比较.结果:治疗后两组患者泪液中IL-1β 和TNF-α 水平、OSDI和FL较治疗前均明显降低,BUT和SⅠt较治疗前均明显升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组泪液中IL-1β水平、TNF-α 水平、OSDI、BUT、SⅠt、FL改善程度均优于对照组(P<0.05).对照组总有效率明显低于观察组,差异具有统计学意义(x2=5.065,P=0.024).两组患者中无1例出现眼部不适症状和药物不耐受.结论:卡波姆眼用凝胶联合聚乙二醇滴眼液治疗干眼症疗效明显,优于单用聚乙二醇滴眼液,且不增加患者的不良反应.     

眼针疗法治疗“气阴两虚型”干眼的临床研究

目的：观察眼针疗法治疗“气阴两虚型”干眼的临床疗效及其作用机制。方法：前瞻性随机对照研 究。收集2021年1—4月于辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院确诊为“气阴两虚型”干眼患者74例,通 过随机数字表法将74例患者分为眼针疗法组和常规针法组,各37例。常规针法组给予常规针刺治 疗,主穴为攒竹、四白、阳白、丝竹空、太阳;配穴为太溪、合谷、足三里、三阴交。眼针疗法组予 以眼针治疗,取肝区、肺区、脾区、肾区四穴治疗。疗程均为14 d。记录2组治疗前后眼表疾病指 数（OSDI）评分;检测无表麻泪液分泌试验（SⅠT）和角膜荧光素染色（CFS）;使用K5M眼表分析仪 采集首次泪膜破裂时间（NIBUTf）和平均泪膜破裂时间（NIBUTav）。数据采用t检验、Wilcoxon秩和 检验、χ2 检验进行统计分析。结果：常规针法组与眼针疗法组的OSDI评分、SⅠT、CFS、NIBUTf、 NIBUTav在组内治疗前后比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。治疗后2组患者的OSDI评分、 SⅠT、NIBUTf、NIBUTav比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;治疗后组间CFS比较差异无统计 学意义。结论：常规针法与眼针疗法均能有效治疗“气阴两虚型”干眼,眼针疗法在改善干眼的眼 表症状、泪液分泌及泪膜破裂时间方面优于常规针法治疗,其优效性和依从性更高。     

Visual Performance and the Ocular Surface in Traumatic Brain Injury

The pathophysiology of neurotrauma is reviewed and an original study investigating the prevalence of dry eye disease in a sample of veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is presented. Fifty-three veterans with TBI were evaluated by history of injury, past ocular history, and medication use. Ocular Disease Surface Index (OSDI), ocular examination, cranial nerve evaluation, tear osmolarity, tear film break-up time (TFBUT), ocular surface staining and tear production testing were performed. A matched comparison group underwent similar testing. TBI causes were blast (44) or non-blast (9). TBI subjects scored significantly worse on the OSDI (P<.001), and ocular surface staining by Oxford scale (P<.001) than non-TBI subjects. Scores for tear film breakup (P=.6), basal tear production less than 3 mm (P=.13), and tear osmolarity greater than 314 mOsm/L (P=.15) were all higher in TBI subjects; significantly more TBI subjects had at least one abnormal dry eye measure than comparisons (P<.001). The OSDI related to presence of dry eye symptoms (P<.01). These effects were present in both blast and non-blast TBI. Seventy percent of TBI subjects were taking at least one medication in the following classes: antidepressant, atypical antipsychotic, anticonvulsant, or h1-antihistamine. There was no association between any medication class and the OSDI or dry eye measures. Reduced corneal sensation in 21 TBI subjects was not associated with OSDI, tear production, or TFBUT, but did correlate with reduced tear osmolarity (P=.05). History of refractive surgery, previous contact lens wear, facial nerve weakness, or meibomian gland dysfunction was not associated with DED. In summary, we found a higher prevalence of DED in subjects with TBI, both subjectively and objectively. This effect is unrelated to medication use, and it may persist for months to years. We recommend that patients with TBI from any cause be evaluated for DED using a battery of standard testing methods described in a protocol presented in this article. Further research into the pathophysiology and outcomes of DED in neurotrauma is needed.     

非侵入性眼表综合分析仪及Lipiview眼表面干涉仪评估儿童干眼的特点

目的　利用非侵入性眼表综合分析仪及Lipiview眼表面干涉仪评估儿童干眼的特点。方法　选取2017年1月至8月于天津医科大学眼科医院第一次确诊为干眼的儿童98例（186眼）,完成病史及眼表疾病指数（ocular surface disease index,OSDI）问卷后进行裂隙灯、泪膜破裂时间（tear film brek-up time,BUT）、泪液分泌试验（Schirmer Ⅰ test,S Ⅰ T）评估、非侵入性眼表综合分析仪及Lipiview眼表面干涉仪检查。结果　本组中159眼的BUT<5 s,30眼的SIt<5 mm。OSDI［13.63（9.09~15.91）分］与S Ⅰ T［（14.6±8.7）mm］无相关性（r=-0.119,P=0.259）;与BUT［3.00（2.00~5.00）s］无相关性（r=0.099,P=0.354）。第一次非侵入性泪膜破裂时间（first noninvasive tear film break-up time,NITBUT）,平均非侵入性泪膜破裂时间（average noninvasive tear film break-up time,NITBUTav）与OSDI均呈正相关性,NIBUT与NIBUTav呈高度正相关性（均为P<0.05）。NIBUT、NIBUTav与BUT均无相关性（r=0.112,P=0.059;r=0.159,P=0.455）。泪膜脂质层厚度（lipid layer thickness,LLT）、LLT最大值与NIBUTav呈正相关性;不完全眨眼比例与NIBUTav呈负相关性（均为P<0.05）;其余指标与OSDI和NITBUTav无相关性。LLT、LLT最大值、LLT最小值与睑板腺缺失评分均无相关性（r=-0.083、-0.028、-0.024,P=0.494、0.842、0.869）。结论　儿童干眼大多数属于短BUT型干眼,其BUT缩短,睑板腺缺失明显,LLT变薄。NIBUT与NIBUTav较BUT更客观准确,LLT较睑板腺缺失评分更有价值。非侵入性眼表综合分析仪及Lipview眼表面干涉仪可以客观准确评估儿童干眼的特点。     

白内障超声乳化摘除术对睑板腺功能的影响

目的：评估白内障超声乳化摘除手术对睑板腺功能的影响,并探讨其对眼表的潜在影响。

方法：采取前瞻性自身对照研究。选取患有年龄相关性白内障的睑板腺功能障碍患者56例56眼,分别于术前1d,术后2wk,1、3mo进行眼表疾病指数(ocular surface disease index,OSDI)问卷评分、睑板腺积分、睑缘形态评分、基础泪液分泌试验(SⅠt)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)的评估。

结果：手术前后,SⅠt试验差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 而OSDI评分、睑板腺积分、睑缘形态评分、BUT均较术前有明显变化,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后2wk,1、3mo OSDI评分、睑板腺积分、睑缘形态评分均较术前1d明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05); 术后2wk,1、3mo BUT均较术前1d明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：白内障手术可能加重睑板腺功能障碍。     

年龄相关性白内障患者睑板腺与眼表状况分析

背景 睑板腺是位于上下睑板内一种特殊分化的皮脂腺,其形态学和功能学的严重改变与多种眼表疾病有关,研究睑板腺形态学和功能变化与干眼的关系具有重要的临床意义. 目的 观察年龄相关性白内障患者的睑板腺形态、结构及功能变化,探讨衰老与睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)及眼表健康状态的关系.方法 采用系列病例观察研究方法,选取2016年3-9月在山西省眼科医院就诊的45岁以上年龄相关性白内障患者93例93眼作为研究对象,按照年龄将患者分为45～ 59岁组和≥60岁组;按照睑板腺缺失范围将受检眼分为睑板腺缺失范围≥1/3组和睑板腺缺失范围＜1/3组.采用裂隙灯显微镜检查眼表组织、睑缘形态、睑板腺开口形态和睑脂性状;采用眼表疾病指数(OSDI)量表问卷对眼表症状进行调查和评分;采用眼表综合分析仪测定受检眼泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪河高度、睑板腺缺失、结膜充血及角膜荧光素染色情况.结果 93例受检者均无干眼主观症状,OSDI问卷评分均＜12分.裂隙灯显微镜检查受检眼均未发现睑缘及皮肤黏膜交界线的形态学变化,无睑板腺开口、睑脂排出及睑脂性状的异常.眼表综合分析仪检查发现,42眼BUT缩短,占45.16％;52眼泪河高度下降,占55.91％;58眼睑板腺缺失范围≥1/3,占62.27％.45 ～59岁组受检眼睑板腺缺失评分为1.65±0.79,≥60岁组为1.86±0.72,差异无统计学意义(t=1.301,P=0.197).但相关分析示年龄与睑板腺缺失评分呈弱正相关(r5=0.323,P=0.002),与BUT及泪河高度均无明显相关性(r=0.154,P=0.141;r =-0.024,P=0.821);睑板腺缺失评分与BUT呈负相关(r3=-0.251,P=0.015),睑板腺缺失范围≥1/3组BUT异常的发生眼数明显多于缺失范围＜1/3组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.018). 结论 中老年人随着年龄的增长,睑板腺缺失逐渐加重;睑板腺缺失范围较大者发生泪膜不稳定的风险增加;早期MGD患者体征先于症状出现,临床工作中应重视无症状的MGD患者.     

高浓度玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗中重度干眼的临床研究

目的：观察高浓度玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗中重度干眼的临床疗效。方法：中重度干眼患者40例随机分成试验组和对照组,每组各20例。试验组用玻璃酸钠滴眼液（3g/L）、对照组玻璃酸钠滴眼液（1g/L）联合重组人表皮生长因子滴眼液治疗,治疗前和治疗2wk后,通过症状评分、眼表疾病指数（OSDI）评分、泪膜破裂时间（BUT）、泪液分泌试验（Schirmer Ⅰ test,SⅠt）、角膜荧光素染色评分（FL）等评价两组疗效。结果：治疗前,两组各项指标差异均无统计学意义。治疗2wk后,除SⅠt外,两组的其他指标和治疗前相比,差异均有统计学意义; 两组间相比,除症状评分和OSDI差异有统计学意义,余无统计学差异。结论：高浓度玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗中重度干眼,能有效缓解眼部不适症状,提高患者生存质量。