眼部病变的MRI表现

主要阐述了视神经，眼球内和眶内病变的ＭＲＩ表现，并简要评价了ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ和Ｂ超显示各种病变的优缺点以及各种影像检查综合诊断的价值。     

Evaluation and Management of Some Minor Injuries of the Eye

Atherosclerosis can be produced and reversed in animals by manipulation of only one parameter, the serum cholesterol level. In every species in which the disease has been produced experimentally, an elevation of serum cholesterol corresponding to the rise that characterizes the aging process in man has resulted in atherosclerosis. We must identify persons who are susceptible to acceleration of the atherosclerotic process while they are in their 20s and 30s. Prevention must begin before this atherogenic stimulus has been present for 15 or 20 years.     

The Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Penetrating Eye Injuries

It is estimated that there are 3.1 penetrating eye injuries per 100,000 person-years in the United States. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the epidemiology of penetrating eye injuries and to identify physical examination findings that facilitate the diagnosis and ophthalmologic referral of patients with these injuries. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of emergency department patients with penetrating eye injuries seen for evaluation from July 1987 to January 1999. The setting was a tertiary referral, university hospital. Three hundred eighty-four patients with 390 penetrating eye injuries were enrolled; 56% were transferred from outlying hospitals. RESULTS: Penetrating eye injuries were seen almost three times per month. Eighty percent of the injuries occurred in males, and the mean age was 29 years. Twenty-five percent of the patients had used alcohol in the period immediately preceding the injury. Final visual outcome was 28% with enucleation, "no light perception" (NLP) in 10%, light perception to 20/200 in 24%, and light perception of 20/200 or better in 38%. Poor visual outcome was associated with poor initial visual acuity, alcohol use, and delayed presentation (p = 0.036, 0.025, 0.036, respectively). Gun-related injuries caused 33% and motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) caused 21% of the worst outcomes (enucleation or NLP). In MVCs where seat belt use was reported, 71% of injured patients were unrestrained. The most common initial physical findings were hyphema (76%), abnormality of the pupil or uvea (94%), and initial visual acuity worse than 20/200 (77%). All patients had at least one of these findings. Complications occurred in 25% of cases, most commonly traumatic cataract or infection. Complications occurred more commonly in those patients transferred than in those presenting directly (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Penetrating eye injuries are relatively common, occur predominantly in young males, and often result in poor visual outcome in the affected eye. Motor vehicle crashes, alcohol use, and fire-arm use are associated with more severe injuries.     

意外眼损伤病人的临床分析及护理

眼球意外损伤是眼科最常见的致盲原因之一。随着人们生活节奏的加快,所从事的生活、工作日趋多样化、复杂化,用眼活动增加,加之眼睛又是外露器官,故受伤的机遇增加。我科于1999年1月-2000年12月共收治意外眼损伤220例。为增强全民自我防护意识,降低眼外伤的发生率,我们对220例意外眼     

眶内球外病变与眼环夹角大小对其定性诊断的价值

目的探讨眶内球外病变与眼环夹角大小对其定性诊断的价值。方法 42例眶内球外与眼环相关病变,根据其与眼环的夹角可分为与眼环成锐角10例及成钝角病变32例,且与病理结果对照,并计算该分类方法对眶内球外病变定性诊断的敏感度（SE）、特异度（SP）、准确度（AC）、阳性预测值（PPV）及阴性预测值（NPV）。结果该分类标准对良性肿瘤定性诊断的SE、SP、PPV及NPV分别为66.7%、100%、100%和84.4%;AC为88.1%。结论按与眼环夹角大小对眶内球外病变进行分类有助于对其定性诊断,眼环外病变与眼环成锐角的为良性肿瘤,而与眼环成钝角的病变,多为炎性病变或恶性肿瘤。     

眼外伤885例相关因素临床分析

目的　讨论眼外伤的相关因素。方法　对 885例 (974眼 )眼外伤患者据相关因素进行临床分析。结果　右眼伤与左眼伤比率 1∶ 1.113,男∶女 3.836∶ 1,多发年龄 10～ 4 0岁 ,高峰年龄 2 0～ 30岁 ;职业依次为工人、农民、学生及学龄前儿童 ;受伤地点多见于工作场所、家庭、公共环境 ;致伤物种类主要为异物 ;致伤性质主要为挫伤、穿孔伤 ;并发症最常见和较为重要的为葡萄膜炎、白内障、前房积血。出院裸眼视力低于 0 .0 5者 2 36眼 ,占 2 4 .2 2 %。眼球摘除者 4 5眼占 4 .6 %。且就诊时间越晚致盲率越高。结论　眼外伤是主要的致盲眼病之一 ,积极预防是最关键和重要的     

输液渗漏对机体的损伤、机理和防治进展

近年来,临床护理工作者在输液渗漏对机体的损伤、机理和防治方面进行了大量的研究和临床实践,使输液渗漏的防治取得了很大进展。综述其进展,以指导临床采取正确的防治措施,延长静脉使用寿命,保证顺利用药,避免对病人造成医源性伤害。