体外冲击波碎石治疗上尿路阴性结石的研究

探讨X线定位系统碎石机治疗泌尿系阴性结石的定位方法,应用国产HX902型碎石机,采用静脉尿路造影(IVU)和逆行尿路造影(RGU)定位法,治疗泌尿系阴性结石63例,首次碎石治愈率为87.3%(55/63).观察上尿路不同部位阴性结石的碎石效果,首次碎石治愈率分别为:肾阴性结石40%(2/5);输尿管上中段阴性结石88.24%(30/34);输尿管下段阴性结石95.83%(23/24),疗效满意.提出了利用双束交叉X线定位碎石机,通过尿路造影协助,对阴性结石进行ESWL治疗时的几种定位方法,认为X线定位碎石机,只要在尿路造影协助下,治疗阴性结石可同样取得良好效果.     

应用长焦点震波治疗肾和输尿管结石

以Dornier NMZ碎石机(西德产)产生长焦点体外震波,用以治疗肾和输尿管结石的方法开始于1987年2月,文章报告了对232例肾和输尿管结石患者施行250次碎石术之结果。体外碎石治疗的结石为直径3.5—25mm的X线阳性结石,接受治疗病人年龄为11—68岁,其中女性115例(49.5％),男性117例(51.5％)。连续患肾石病时间在1—34年之间,有27例(11.6％)曾因患肾和输尿管结石做过手术治疗。结石定位情况为肾结石195例(84％),输尿管结石37例(16％)(近端输尿管结石病人20例(54％),远端输尿管结石病人17例(46％)。)有5例为肾和输尿管复合性结石。体外肾和输汞管碎石治疗左侧者103例,右侧者147例。一次体     

经皮肾穿气压弹道碎石治疗肾结石69例

目的:探讨经皮肾穿气压弹道碎石治疗肾结石的临床疗效.方法:自2003年1月～2006年3月,采用经皮肾穿建立介入通道,以输尿管镜直视下经介入通道插入肾内寻找结石,置入气压弹道碎石机探针,用气压弹道碎石术治疗各型肾结石69例.结果:经皮肾穿介入通道建立成功率为100%,肾结石一次性治愈率98%(68/69),1例因内镜不能达到结石部位而改为手术治疗;2例形成小假道,不影响寻找结石或碎石.68例随访1～3年,经复查尿路平片(KUB)及静脉肾盂造影(IVP),无1例有残留结石,26例轻度肾积水消失,42例中重度肾积水有不同程度改善.结论:经皮肾穿气压弹道碎石治疗肾结石治愈率高、疗效显著,是一种痛苦小、安全性高的微创治疗方法.     

儿童尿路结石ESWL治疗的疗效观察

目的:探讨体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)治疗儿童尿路结石的有效性和安全性。方法:采用ESWL治疗儿童尿路结石患者28例,其中肾盂肾盏结石14例,输尿管结石9例,膀胱结石5例。结果:28例患者均随访3个月,除3例肾结石有残留外,结石排净率89.29%(25/28)。结论:ESWL治疗儿童尿路结石安全、有效,是儿童尿路结石的首选治疗方法。     

泌尿系结石的体外震波碎石(附125例分析)

1989年1月至1990年3月,我院采用国产PN-Ⅲ型干式体外震波碎石机治疗肾、输尿管及膀胱结石共125例,现报告如下。 临床资料 一、一般情况 125例中男性100例,女性25例,年龄12～72岁,平均42.9岁。 二、结石情况 肾结石56例(60侧);输尿管结石65例,以髂嵴为界,其中近侧输尿管结石30例,远侧输尿管结石39例;膀胱结石4例。     

钬激光在泌尿外科的应用——附226例报告

目的 探讨钬激光在泌尿系疾病治疗中的价值.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年4月钬激光结合膀胱镜、输尿管镜经尿道或经皮肾穿刺通道治疗226例患者的临床资料.结果 18例膀胱结石,2例尿道结石,7例回肠代膀胱结石均一次性碎石成功.124例输尿管结石单次手术结石粉碎率为92.5%(115/124).39例肾结石采用微刨经皮肾穿刺钬激光碎石成功率为92.3%(36/39).输尿管狭窄、息肉2例,尿道狭窄、息肉2例,浅表性膀胱肿瘤18例,前列腺增生14例均治愈.发生并发症12例,占5.3%(12/226).所有结石患者术后随访1～2个月,结石排净率为97.9%(186/190).结论 钬激光在碎石、切割组织、凝固止血等方面具有非常明显的优势,结合各种泌尿内腔镜治疗泌尿系疾病具有安全、有效、出血少、恢复快,应用范围广等优点.     

体外冲击波碎石治疗上尿路阴性结石的研究

探讨X线定位系统碎石机治疗泌尿系阴性结石的定位方法。应用国产HX902型碎石机,采用静脉尿路造影术（IVU）和逆行尿路造影术（RGU）定位法,X线双重定位碎石机进行体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）,治疗泌尿系阴性结石63例,首次碎石治愈率为87.3％（55／63）。观察上尿路不同部位阴性结石的碎石效果,首次碎石治愈率分别为：肾阴性结石40％（2／5）;输尿管上中段阴性结石88.24％（30／34）;输尿管下段阴性结石95.83％（23／24）,疗效满意。提出了利用双束交叉X线定位碎石机,通过尿路造影协助,对阴性结石进行ESWL治疗时的几种定位方法,认为X线定位碎石机,只要在尿路造影协助下,治疗阴性结石可取得同样良好效果。     

体外震波碎石治疗小儿上尿道结石：（附14例报告）

应用国产ＪＴ－ＥＳＷＬ－Ⅲ型碎石机治疗小儿上尿道结石１４例，其中双肾结石２例，输尿管结石４例；结石大小５ｍｍ×４ｍｍ～５０ｍｍ×３５ｍｍ；７８％患者在肌注安定镇痛药下行碎石治疗，避免了全麻的副作用。所有结石均完全粉碎，无严重并发症，１个月结石排空率为９２％。认为体外震波碎石不仅可用于门诊小儿上尿道结石的碎石治疗，而且可用于治疗小儿复杂性、多发性肾结石。     

气压弹道碎石术的术前准备及术中术后的观察与护理

气压弹道碎石术是在输尿管镜下应用气压弹道碎石机进行碎石的一种腔内碎石新技术,使大多数患者免于开刀之苦。我院自2 0 0 1年11月至今,应用德国R .WOLF输尿管镜及瑞士EMS气压弹道碎石机对12 2例泌尿系结石进行原位碎石,取得满意效果,现将术前准备及术中术后的观察与护理体会报告如下。1　临床资料本组12 2例,男74例,女4 8例,年龄16～6 8岁,平均38岁。膀胱结石12例,输尿管上段结石18例,输尿管下段结石6 6例,输尿管中段结石2 2例,双侧输尿管结石4例,其中10例曾行体外震波冲击碎石(ESWL)未能治愈。2　术前准备及术中护理术前1小时常规摄…     

钬激光联合组合式输尿管软镜治疗肾结石的临床疗效——附40例报告

目的探讨钬激光联合组合式输尿管软镜在治疗肾结石中的临床疗效。方法肾结石患者40例,男性28例,女性12例;平均年龄(40.2±10)岁。应用双脉冲钬激光联合组合式输尿管软镜治疗,能量0.8~1.5 J,频率20~30 Hz。术后随访3个月。结果 40例肾结石患者,30例经一次输尿管软镜碎石成功,成功率75.0%(30/40),其余10例中9例患者经两次输尿管软镜碎石,1例改行经皮肾镜碎石取石。术后3例患者发生尿源性的脓毒血症,3例患者因出院后发热,提早拔除双J管。3个月复查,除4例鹿角样结石患者外均未见残余结石。结论双脉冲钬激光联合组合式输尿管软镜治疗肾结石安全、高效、微创,值得临床推广。     

输尿管结石肾绞痛期行体外冲击波碎石术并发肾内感染的探讨

 目的 探讨输尿管结石患者行体外冲击波碎石术(extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,ESWL)并发肾内感染的相关因素.方法 选择2006-06至2009-06于我院行ESWL的输尿管结石278例,根据行ESWL前是否有肾绞痛分为绞痛组128例及非绞痛组150例.对两组行ESWL后发生肾内感染的情况进行比较.结果 绞痛组行ESWL后发生肾内感染率与非绞痛组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);绞痛组中、下段结石与上段及中段结石行ESWL后发生肾内感染率相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.02).结论 行ESWL前有肾绞痛的输尿管结石患者术后并发肾内感染率高.输尿管下段结石的肾绞痛患者行ESWL后发生肾内感染率较高.     

Percutaneous nephrostomy in conjunction with ESWL in treatment of nephrolithiasis

The use of percutaneous nephrostomies (PCNs) in 1456 patients (1660 kidneys) treated with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was evaluated. In this group, 138 PCNs (130 patients) were performed in 133 kidneys. Forty-seven percent of PCNs were placed in patients with staghorn calculi; 24% were for stones in the renal pelvis, and 20% for ureteral stones. The most common indication for PCN was fever and obstruction (57%). In 15%, the indications were failure to decompress an obstructed system from a retrograde direction, clogged double-J ureteral stents, and perforation of the ureter. Prophylactic PCN placement in the treatment of staghorn calculi and large stones in the renal pelvis accounted for 12%. Five percent were placed for miscellaneous other reasons, and for 11% there was no documentation of the indication because they were placed before the patients came to our center. Localization of the collecting system for optimal placement of PCN is unique in ESWL patients because the residual stone fragments provide natural contrast. This eliminates the need for administration of contrast material in 50% of the patients. Twenty-six percent of PCN tracts were subsequently used for other procedures (e.g., percutaneous nephrolithotomy, fragment irrigation, ureteral stone manipulation). Bleeding complications from PCN occurred in 7%. Other minor complications occurred in 12% of cases. PCN is a useful adjuvant to ESWL treatment of kidney stones. Although its major use is to relieve urinary tract obstruction, it is also used as a preliminary step in planning other percutaneous interventional procedures. This is particularly the case in the treatment of large bulky stones in the renal pelvis and staghorn calculi.     

Plain radiography, renography, and 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy before and after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for urolithiasis.

Eighteen patients were evaluated before and 5 weeks after the first treatment with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) using abdominal plain radiography, 131I-hippuran probe renography, and 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy. In 6 patients no urolithiasis was present on the post ESWL plain radiograph, in 7 the size had decreased, and in 5 the stone mass was unchanged. The renograms were within normal range in the 6 patients who were cured by ESWL, whereas this was the case for only 4 of the 12 who still had renal calculi. In 2 patients pelvic stones had descended into the ureter after ESWL, and the renograms indicated obstruction. Another 3 patients had ureteral stones, whereas in the remaining 7 patients only pelvic stones were found on the plain radiographs. In no patient did the scintigrams reveal scars. It is concluded that abdominal plain radiography of the urinary tract and probe renography are complementary and sufficient in the monitoring of patients with urolithiasis post ESWL.     

Renal stone disease treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: short-term observations in 100 patients

The immediate posttreatment findings are described for 100 patients who underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for renal stone disease. Excretory urography was performed both before and 24-72 hours after ESWL. In 21 patients, stones were completely disintegrated, and stone fragments were passed rapidly. Stones were fragmented but not passed entirely within 24-72 hours in 76 patients. There was no appreciable effect on stones in three patients. In nine of 27 patients who had mild to severe ureteral obstruction caused by stone fragments, relief procedures (retrograde ureteral manipulation or percutaneous stone extraction) were necessary. Overall, 70 patients experienced successful stone disintegration without complications. Continued investigation is needed to determine prevalence of residual calculi, reversibility of acute effects of ESWL on the kidney, and possible development of late hypertension.     

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: impact on the radiology department of a stone treatment center

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was performed on 925 patients (1,222 treatments) for 446 calyceal, 345 pelvic, 172 ureteral, and 108 staghorn calculi. ESWL necessitated 6.3 KUB and 1.2 renal ultrasound studies per treatment session. Intravenous urography was required in 6% of patients after ESWL. Percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement was performed by the radiologists in 10% of patients. Procedures related to nephrostomy tube placement included percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, tube changes, nephrostography, and stone fragment irrigations and retrievals. Staghorn calculi treatment with ESWL required the most procedures by radiologists (34% for partial staghorn and 56% for complete staghorn) compared with 3%, 8%, and 11% for calyceal, pelvic, and ureteral stones, respectively. In all, 8,478 radiologic examinations and procedures were performed pertaining to ESWL. This is approximately 35 studies per day. While this number may be high because it represents the early experience of the authors with ESWL, the impact on the radiology department can be substantial.     

Renal obstruction from persistent struvite stone matrix: a complication of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Struvite calculi occurring in patients with chronic urinary tract infections consist of an inorganic component of magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals and an underlying organic mucopolysaccharide matrix. Shock waves used to destroy these stones during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) therapy may affect the inorganic and organic components of the stone differently. In a 26-year-old woman, renal obstruction resulted from retained struvite stone matrix after ESWL therapy.     

ESWL型矿石机治疗上尿路结石5000例临床疗效研究

８年来应用国产ＥＳＷＬ碎石机治疗上尿路结石５０００例,占同期收治该病的９７．２９％。肾结石治疗成功率９８．１３％,复治率３８．５０％。输尿管结石治疗成功率９７．９９％,复治率２８．９％。复杂性肾结石占１９．３０％,９０％以上的复杂性肾结石复治后收到满意效果。随访６个月￣８年,结石复发１７６例,复发率３．５２％。ＥＳＷＬ治疗后结石复发与碎石存留、ＥＳＷＬ治疗次数、尿路感染、代谢因素和尿路梗阻、性别等     

Sonographic evaluation of renal stones treated by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

Real-time sonography was performed on 94 patients the day before and at 24 and 48 hr after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) therapy. The ability of sonography to detect renal stones before ESWL, changes in the calculi after ESWL, and the occurrence of pre- and post-ESWL hydronephrosis was evaluated. Abdominal radiographs and linear renal tomography were used as the standard of comparison. Six other patients had sonography only either before or after ESWL. One hundred patients had a total 105 kidneys treated; 18 kidneys with more than three stones were not included. The other 87 kidneys had 102 stones evaluated by sonography before having ESWL; 66 stones (65%) were identified and 36 were not. Of those calculi not seen, 10 were less than or equal to 5 mm in diameter. Nineteen of the other 26 stones were in the ureter or at the ureteropelvic junction. Comparison of sonograms of 80 kidneys obtained before and after ESWL revealed no change in 37 (46%), more stones or fragments detected in 23 (29%), fewer stones or a change in location in 12 (15%), and an apparent decrease in the size of the original stone in eight (10%). Hydronephrosis was detected by pre-ESWL sonography in 16 kidneys (20%) and was noted to develop after ESWL in 20 (31%) of the 64 other kidneys. These results indicate that the ability of sonography to detect renal calculi is related not only to stone size but also to location. The clinical significance of pre- and post-ESWL hydronephrosis found by sonography must be considered in conjunction with the patient's symptoms, laboratory data, and other radiographic studies. Therefore, the routine use of sonography in the post-ESWL patient does not seem warranted.     

输尿管结石应用64排容积CT尿路成像的诊断价值

目的探讨64排容积CT尿路成像在输尿管结石中的诊断价值。 方法分析200例输尿管结石的患者,其被临床或者手术判定为输尿管结石,所有入选的患者行64排容积CT尿路成像,并采用不同图像后处理:多平面重组法、曲面重组、最大密度投影、容积再现、表面成像。 结果在入选的200例患者中,结石最小的直径为1.5mm,结石位于输尿管上段的有70例,位于下段的有83例,位于中段的有35例,位于输尿管上中下段的有12例。同时还发现合并输尿管畸形的患者。其中,合并肾囊肿的有100例,输尿管囊肿的有5例,膀胱憩室的4例,合并肾结石的有30例,合并膀胱结石的有10例,合并输尿管及肾积脓的2例,肾盂及输尿管畸形的有20例。 结论64排容积CT对于输尿管结石的定位、大小、形态、数量及其周围情况的诊断具有重要的价值,同时可显示泌尿系统是否合并畸形及肾结石、膀胱结石。     

CT值在输尿管结石ESWL术中的应用价值探讨

目的利用非增强螺旋CT（non-contrast helical computerized tomography,NCHCT）测定结石的CT值,结合输尿管结石体外冲击波碎石术（extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,ESWL）疗效,探讨CT值在临床中应用价值。方法对79例输尿管结石长径在0.6～1.5 cm拟行ESWL治疗的输尿管单发结石患者,行非增强螺旋CT检查并测定结石的CT值,分为平均CT值〈750 HU组和平均CT值〉750 HU组,经过ESWL术后,观察两组结石清除率及有效率,分析两组间的基本特征和冲击次数及碎石效果。结果与结石CT值〉750 HU组相比,〈750 HU组所需冲击次数少,结石清除率高。两组比较（P〈0.05）,差异有统计学意义。结论 NCHCT的结石平均CT值能有效预测输尿管结石ESWL术疗效。结石CT值〈750 HU易于粉碎,结石清除率高,应首选ESWL术;而CT值〉750 HU结石清除率低,可考虑首选腔镜下碎石或开放手术取石。