主动脉缩窄合并瓣膜疾病一期修复手术效果

目的:探讨一期升主动脉-腹主动脉转流术+瓣膜矫治手术对成人主动脉缩窄合并瓣膜病的疗效。方法:回顾分析我中心2015年8月至2019年11月,成人主动脉缩窄合并瓣膜病患者共14例,平均年龄(36.9±15.0)岁,合并主动脉瓣病变12例,单纯主动脉瓣病变9例,同时合并三尖瓣病变1例,二尖瓣病变2例;单纯二尖瓣病变2例;14例患者均行升-腹主动脉转流术,同期主动脉瓣置换术8例,主动脉瓣瓣周漏修补术1例,二尖瓣置换术2例,双瓣置换术1例,主动脉瓣置换+二尖瓣成形术1例,主动脉瓣置换+三尖瓣成形术1例。根据患者手术前后上下肢压差,平均压差,出血量,手术时间,呼吸机使用时间评价手术效果。结果:患者均存活,最大压差下降(43.3±18.7)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),平均血压差下降(24.7±14.4)mmHg,差异有统计学意义;术中出血量(1 568.6±742.9)mL,呼吸机使用时间(17.9±8.8) h,术后1例胰淀粉酶(AMY)升高,1例残留轻度高血压,1例心脏骤停ECMO辅助,余无明显并发症,随访(26.0±13.9)个月,CTA检查显示人工血管均畅通,手术效果满意,患者上下肢压差减小,无明显不适。结论:一期升-腹主动脉转流+瓣膜手术对成人主动脉缩窄合并瓣膜病的患者安全、有效、可行。     

主动脉根包裹手术治疗主动脉根部动脉瘤

目的:开发一个相对简单有效、手术风险较小的主动脉根部包裹术,以治疗主动脉根动脉瘤。方法:自2008年6月至2014年12月,25例主动脉根部瘤患者接受主动脉根部包裹术,其中合并主动脉瓣狭窄和/或反流者23例。主动脉瓣环的直径22~32mm,平均(26.30±3.45)mm,主动脉窦的直径45~62mm,平均(52.23±6.87)mm。所有患者进行主动脉根部包裹术,同时合并主动脉瓣成形术或置换术23例。结果:25例围手术期无死亡。CBP时间为55~128min,平均(81.56±15.43)min。出院前超声心动图检查结果显示:5例主动脉瓣轻度反流,20例主动脉瓣功能正常,与术前超声心动图结果对比,术后主动脉环直径21~25mm,平均(22.43±1.35)mm,较术前显著减小(P0.01),主动脉窦直径30~52mm,平均(40.56±4.21)mm,显著减小(P0.001)。随访结果:所有25例患者生存良好,心脏功能(NYHA)均恢复I级,近中期无死亡病例。结论:主动脉根部包裹术结合主动脉瓣成型或置换术是一种外科手术治疗主动脉窦动脉瘤和主动脉瓣疾病新方法。     

大动脉炎累及冠状动脉的特点和外科治疗

目的:探讨大动脉炎累及冠状动脉的特点和外科治疗.方法:共手术治疗6例冠状动脉开口狭窄或闭塞的患者,其中5例行冠状动脉旁路移植术,1例直接扩大冠状动脉开口;同期行升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术1例,Bentall主动脉根部替换术2例,Cabrol主动脉根部替换术和二尖瓣替换术1例.结果:无手术死亡.发生围术期心肌梗死和低心排综合征1例.结论:大动脉炎累及冠状动脉的同时,常合并主动脉及其分支的狭窄,也常同时合并升主动脉壁增厚、扩张和(或)主动脉瓣关闭不全等,明显增加了同期手术的难度.由于锁骨下动脉常受累,乳内动脉不适于作为旁路移植材料.     

二尖瓣反流合并主动脉根部瘤的二尖瓣成形策略

目的:回顾两种二尖瓣成形术治疗合并主动脉根部瘤的二尖瓣反流,探讨此手术的临床效果。方法:2010年7月至2015年5月,北京安贞医院收治的33例合并主动脉根部瘤的二尖瓣反流的患者进行回顾性分析,男性28例,女性5例,平均年龄(53.2±15.5)岁。其中25例患者置入二尖瓣成形环(成形环植入组),所置入的二尖瓣人工瓣环平均直径为(29.5±1.5)mm,8例患者行交界环缩术(交界环缩组)。术前超声心动图显示:所有患者二尖瓣病变均为中度或重度关闭不全,成形环植入组反流面积为(8.5±4.1)cm2,交界环缩组反流面积为(5.7±1.3)cm2。成形环植入组患者平均体外循环时间(164.2±29.3)min,平均主动脉阻断时间(118.2±23.4)min,交界环缩组患者平均体外循环时间(111.9±28.4)min,平均主动脉阻断时间(77.8±22.2)min。结果:术后无死亡,无恶性心律失常及其他严重并发症。成形环植入组术后平均ICU停留时间为(23.0±12.5)h,交界环缩组术后平均ICU停留时间为(23.0±8.8)h。复查超声心动图显示:成形环植入组少量反流8例,无或微量反流17例;交界环缩组少量反流4例,无或微量反流4例。结论:二尖瓣反流合并主动脉根部瘤时可以经房间隔切口或房间沟切口行成形环植入术和经主动脉切口行交界环缩术。上述两种二尖瓣成形术治疗主动脉根部瘤合并二尖瓣反流的效果确切,对于二尖瓣反流程度较轻的患者可以采用经主动脉切口行交界环缩术,以减少体外循环和阻断的时间。     

主动脉窦瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的:总结主动脉窦瘤的诊断方法和外科治疗经验。方法:35例主动脉窦瘤患者均于体外循环下行主动脉窦瘤修补术。本组包括室间隔缺损19例,主动脉瓣关闭不全11例。除修补窦瘤外,同时行室间隔缺损修补术19例,主动脉瓣替换术2例,主动脉瓣成形术9例,右心室流出道疏通术2例,二尖瓣成形术1例,三尖瓣成形术3例。结果:全组患者无手术死亡,无残余分流。轻度主动脉瓣关闭不全2例,低心排出量综合征2例,频发室性早搏1例,均痊愈出院。35例患者随访3个月～6年,心功能(NYHA)Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。结论:主动脉窦瘤破裂对心功能影响严重。一旦确诊,应尽早手术,同时矫正合并畸形,可获得满意的效果。     

白塞病并发升主动脉瘤及主动脉瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的总结白塞病所致升主动脉瘤和主动脉瓣关闭不全的外科治疗效果,探讨相关手术方式和解决方法。方法回顾性分析两例白塞病所致升主动脉瘤和主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的手术治疗,其中1例为外院行主动脉瓣置换后来我院行改良Bentall手术,另1例在我院实施主动脉瓣置换术,主动脉根部夹层动脉瘤成形,二尖瓣、三尖瓣成形术。结果两名患者均痊愈出院。结论白塞病致主动脉瓣关闭不全如单纯行瓣膜置换,术后人工瓣膜脱落的发生率较高,主动脉根部替换手术方式是解决问题的根本方法。     

细小主动脉主动脉瓣置换手术6例

主动脉瓣膜置换术是瓣膜外科常见的手术,对于细小主动脉瓣环的主动脉瓣置换办法亦有多种,我们1 999年5月～2 0 0 3年5月对6例细小主动脉瓣环的患者行主动脉根部拓宽,主动脉瓣置换,效果满意,现报告如下。1　对象与方法6例中男1例,女5例,年龄2 6～5 7(平均42 )岁,均为风湿性心脏病患者,二尖瓣狭窄伴关闭不全并发主动脉瓣狭窄5例,单纯主动脉瓣狭窄1例;心功能(NYHA)Ⅲ级2例,Ⅱ级4例;超声心动图提示主动脉瓣环1 5～1 8(平均1 6.5 )mm ;心电图示心房颤动4例,左心室肥厚2例。本组手术均在中度低温体外循环下进行。5例同期行二尖瓣置换术,行主动脉…     

瓣膜性心脏病伴缺血性心脏病的外科治疗

目的 :总结瓣膜性心脏病伴缺血性心脏病手术治疗的早期效果和经验 ,以期提高疗效。方法 :11例患者中 ,行主动脉瓣置换术 4例 ,二尖瓣置换术 2例 ,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换术 1例 ,主动脉带瓣管道置换 2例 ,二尖瓣成形术 1例和三尖瓣成形术 1例 ;搭 1支桥 4例 ,搭 2支桥 1例 ,3支桥 3例 ,4支桥 3例 ,平均 (2 .5±1.3)支。结果 :11例无手术早期死亡 ,痊愈出院 ;随访 2～ 16 (平均 6 .3)个月 ,心绞痛症状消失 ,心功能明显改善。结论 :对年龄 >5 0岁瓣膜病患者或具有冠心病高危因素患者 ,应行冠状动脉造影检查 ;彻底纠正心脏病变 ,加强心肌保护 ;妥善处理术后并发症 ,手术疗效满意     

重危瓣膜病变合并巨大心脏的外科治疗

目的:报道181例重危瓣膜病变合并巨大心脏的外科治疗体会。方法:回顾性分析181例瓣膜外科病例中合并巨大心脏临床资料,男性76例,女性105例,年龄15～57岁,平均(45.7±15.2)岁。分为2组:巨大左心房(GLA)组84例,左心房内径(LAD)70～150mm,平均(80.3±17.5)mm;巨大左心室(GLV)组97例,左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)70～112mm,平均(79.4±12.7)mm。患者全部行瓣膜置换术,其中GLA组行主动脉瓣与二尖瓣双瓣膜置换术12例,二尖瓣置换术72例,同期行三尖瓣环缩成形术42例,左心房血栓清出13例;84例均作左心房折叠术。GLV组行主动脉瓣置换术38例,主动脉瓣与二尖瓣双瓣膜置换术27例,二尖瓣置换术32例,二尖瓣置换术均保留全部或部分瓣膜和瓣下结构,同期行三尖瓣环缩成形术18例,左心房血栓清出4例,左心房折叠术21例。结果:手术早期死亡率GLV组和GLA组分别为9.3%和6.0%,GLV组明显高于GLA组(P<0.05);死亡原因GLV组以室性心律紊乱为主(55.6%),明显高于GLA组(P<0.05);GLA组以呼吸衰竭为主。术后1个月超声心动图显示,GLA组LAD平均(60.1±12.1)mm,GLV组LVEDD平均(56.6±16.1)mm,较术前明显缩小(P<0.01)。心功能恢复良好。结论:瓣膜置换同期左心房折叠术有利于改善合并巨大左心房的术后恢复;保留二尖瓣瓣膜及瓣下结构有利于合并巨大左心室病例的恢复。     

38例主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗

目的 :通过研究 38例主动脉窦瘤破裂治疗经过 ,总结主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗经验。方法 :1987年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 9月 ,对 38例主动脉窦瘤破裂病人行手术治疗 ,及时准确闭合主动脉窦瘤及矫正合并的心脏畸形。对于合并主动脉瓣关闭不全病例 ,轻度不予处理 ,中度行成形术 ,重度行主动脉瓣置换术。结果 :早期死亡 1例 ,死亡率为 2 6 %。术后随访 2个月～ 14年 ,随访者心脏功能恢复到Ⅰ～Ⅱ级 (NYHA)。结论 :主动脉窦瘤破裂一经诊断 ,应及早手术 ,同时矫正合并的心脏畸形 ,可获得满意的近期和远期效果。     

复发性心脏瓣膜病再次外科治疗效果及其相关因素

目的:回顾性分析对二尖瓣闭式扩张术、瓣膜成形术、瓣周漏、人工机械瓣功能障碍、生物瓣衰坏等原因引起的复发性瓣膜病变进行再次手术的效果和相关因素。方法: 复发性瓣膜病患者331（男143,女188）例,年龄12～73(46±12)岁,两次手术间隔时间2月～25(17±8)年。其中二尖瓣闭式扩张术后再狭窄143例,二尖瓣或主动脉瓣成形术后瓣膜病变复发53例,生物瓣衰坏32例,瓣周漏26例,换瓣术后其它瓣膜病21例,人工瓣膜替换或瓣膜成形术后心内膜炎17例, Ebstein畸形矫治术后三尖瓣关闭不全15例,人工瓣膜机械功能故障9例,室间隔缺损修补术并行瓣膜成形术后心内膜炎7例,完全或部分性心内膜垫缺损和矫正性大动脉转位术后二尖瓣或三尖瓣关闭不全6 例,二尖瓣球囊扩张术2例。再次手术方式为二尖瓣替换术,主动脉瓣替换术,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣替换术,三尖瓣替换术,瓣周漏修补术及三尖瓣成形术等。结果: 全组共死亡27例,占8.2％,早期主要死亡原因为低心排出量综合征、室性心律失常、多脏器功能衰竭、左心室破裂、感染性心内膜炎、肾功能衰竭。随访259例,随访期6月～21（10±7）年,心功能恢复至Ⅰ～Ⅱ级189例。复发性心脏瓣膜病再次手术的危险因素包括术前心功能差、重要脏器功能不全、急诊手术、主动脉阻断时间和体外循环时间长等。结论: 针对再手术相关的危险因素进行积极防治,适时而妥善的外科手术和围手术期处理仍可获良好效果。     

老年主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的:探讨老年主动脉夹层的外科治疗策略、疗效及预后。方法:回顾性分析本院外科治疗35例老年主动脉夹层患者的临床资料。患者年龄60～77岁,平均(64.9±4.6)岁;男性28例,女性7例;按Debakey分型,Ⅰ型14例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型20例。结果:全组死亡3例,死亡率8.6%。行降主动脉腔内修复手术18例,杂交手术(即先行主动脉头臂血管转流术,同期行主动脉夹层腔内覆膜支架置入术)3例,均无死亡。开胸手术14例,包括升主动脉置换术2例(同期行主动脉瓣置换1例),升主动脉+半弓置换5例(同期行主动脉瓣置换2例,冠状动脉旁路移植手术1例),升主动脉置换+支架象鼻术2例,升主动脉+全弓置换+支架象鼻术3例,降主动脉置换术2例,共死亡3例,死亡原因为急性肾功能衰竭、多脏器功能不全、心跳骤停及纵隔感染。结论:老年主动脉夹层病情凶险,外科开胸手术治疗死亡率较高,采取杂交手术及微创腔内修复治疗,效果满意。     

室间隔缺损修补术后中远期主动脉瓣关闭不全的外科治疗分析

目的:探讨室间隔缺损(VSD)修补术后中远期主动脉瓣关闭不全(AI)的外科治疗方法.方法:总结1996-01至2007-12我院22例VSD术后AI的外科治疗经验.主动脉瓣病变以穿孔为主,本组主动脉瓣置换13例,主动脉瓣成形9例.结果:22例患者中手术死亡1例.出院检查与术前比,心胸比率(0.52±0.04 vs 0.57±0.07,P<0.05)及左心室舒张末径[(46.7±5.8)mm vs(54.5±10.2)mm,P<0.05 ]均有明显缩小,差异有统计学意义.超声心动图检查3例患者主动脉瓣少量反流,余未见明显异常.结论:本病的主要原因可能为手术损伤造成,外科治疗效果满意.     

Successful repair of a large aortic abscess causing apical displacement of the anterior mitral valve

Anatomic continuity between the anterior mitral leaflet and the aortic root may predispose those patients with aortic root pathology to functional changes of the mitral valve without any involvement of this valve. A 34-year-old man presented with aortic valve endocarditis. Transthoracic echocardiograpy showed severe aortic regurgitation with a large aortic root abscess. The anterior leaflet of the mitral valve was displaced towards the apex of the heart causing moderate mitral regurgitation. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement with reconstruction of the aortic annulus and ventriculoaortic continuity. This procedure alone restored the mitral valve structure and function without any need for intervention on the mitral valve. Aortic abscess is a serious complication of aortic valve endocarditis and may alter the function of other structures of the heart, especially the mitral valve. Restoration of aortic wall integrity and left ventricular – aortic continuity usually restores the mitral valve structure and function if the valve is unaffected by the infection. A decision on the mitral valve should be made following correction of the aortic pathology.     

主动脉瓣四叶瓣畸形合并主动脉瓣病变的外科处理

目的 探讨主动脉瓣四叶瓣畸形对主动脉瓣功能的影响及其外科治疗.方法 2000年1月至2013年1月,我院通过经胸超声心动图和术中病理诊断主动脉瓣四叶瓣畸形13例.其中4例主动脉瓣的功能基本正常,9例合并主动脉瓣病变：重度关闭不全7例,重度关闭不全伴狭窄2例,合并二尖瓣中度关闭不全2例,三尖瓣中重度关闭不全1例.结果 13例患者中4例主动脉瓣功能正常者,继续随访中.9例合并主动脉瓣病变者,均行主动脉瓣置换术,同期行二尖瓣成形术2例、三尖瓣成形术1例.围术期无严重并发症及早期死亡,均康复出院.术后平均随访（6.34±5.17）年,心彩超提示主动脉瓣功能良好,无远期死亡.结论 主动脉瓣四叶瓣畸形是一种少见的先天性畸形,超声心动图有助于早期诊断.主动脉瓣功能正常时,可以随访;当合并主动脉瓣功能障碍时,应及时行主动脉瓣置换或修复,手术后可获得良好的远期效果.     

Combined aortic and mitral balloon valvuloplasty in patients with critical aortic and mitral valve stenosis: Results in six cases

Six patients with severe combined aortic and mitral valve stenosis underwent double valve balloon dilation as an alternative to surgical valve replacement. Cardiac catheterization in all patients before valve dilation revealed heavily calcified aortic and mitral valves with severe stenosis and minimal regurgitation. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty was performed in each patient with a 20 mm balloon dilation catheter passed retrograde through the aortic valve whereas mitral valvuloplasty was performed transseptally with either a single or double balloon technique.After dilation, the mean aortic and mitral gradients decreased in all patients, with the area of the aortic and the mitral valve increasing from 0.5 ± 0.3 to 0.9 ± 0.3 cm²and from 0.7 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.7 cm², respectively. The procedures were well tolerated, with no embolic events and no significant increase in valvular regurgitation, and resulted in a reduction in symptoms of dyspnea on exertion and weakness in all patients that has persisted for an average of 5.7 months of follow-up in five of the six patients.It is concluded that combined dilation of stenotic aortic and mitral valves can be accomplished percutaneously and may be considered for patients with combined valvular stenosis who refuse or are deferred from surgical intervention.     

Prolapse of the "floppy" aortic valve as a cause of aortic regurgitation. A clinico-morphologic study

A clinico-pathologic study was performed in 25 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement because of regurgitation, caused by myxoid degeneration of the valve leaflets. Associated cardiac anomalies were floppy mitral valve (2 cases), floppy mitral valve and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (1), left atrial myxoma (1), and aortic coarctation at the isthmus (1). Three patients died (2 immediately and 1 on the 30th postoperative day). Pathological studies of the explanted valves showed deformities characterized by redundant thin leaflets which appeared soft and gelatinous. On histologic examination the fibrous layer of the leaflets was seen to be infiltrated by myxomatous tissue. Echocardiography showed the aortic root to be dilated in 13 patients and normal in the others. In those with normal aortic root, the histological examination of aortic wall disclosed minimal cystic medial necrosis in two cases. In contrast, more severe forms of cystic medial necrosis were evident in all patients having a dilated aortic root. Aortic valve replacement was performed in all cases. It was accompanied by a Bentall procedure (1 case), repair of ascending aorta dissection (2), replacement of the ascending aorta (1), mitral valve replacement (2), mitral valve replacement and apico-ascending aorta conduit (1) and excision of a left atrial myxoma (1). Our experience suggests that prolapse of the aortic valve due to floppy leaflets is a common degenerative disease which is generally associated with noninflammatory aortic root degeneration. This, together with aortic root dilatation, contributes to valve insufficiency. Nevertheless, the disease, when isolated (with normal aortic root), is liable in itself to produce aortic regurgitation. The need for early diagnosis is stressed, so as to be able to perform valve replacement.     

Cardiac surgery in patients over 80 years of age. Experience of a series of 51 patients

Between January 1980 and June 1988, 51 patients over 80 years of age underwent open heart surgery at the La Pitié hospital (26 women and 25 men; average age 82 +/- 2 years, range 80-90 years). The cardiac pathology was calcific aortic stenosis (AS) in 40 cases, associated with coronary artery disease in 7 cases, mitral valve prolapse in 3 cases, coronary artery disease alone in 6 cases [complicated by a post-infarction ventricular septal defect (VSD) in one patient] or associated with aortic regurgitation in 1 case, and degeneration of an aortic bioprosthetic valve in 1 case. Forty patients (78%) were in Stage III or IV or the NYHA Classification. There was no other major pathology associated with the cardiac disease. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) was carried out in 42 patients, with a bioprosthetic valve in 38 patients. This procedure was associated with coronary bypass surgery in 7 cases and carotid artery surgery in 1 case. A mitral bioprosthesis was implanted in 2 patients and mitral valvuloplasty was carried out in 1 patient. An isolated myocardial revascularisation procedure was performed in 5 cases; the VSD was closed in 1 case. The hospital mortality was 17.6 per cent (9 patients). All deaths were of cardiac origin. Eleven patients had no postoperative complications at all. The 3 year survival rate of those who survived surgery was 71 per cent. Of the current 31 survivors, 29 are in Stage I or II of the NYHA Classification. These results suggest that surgery can be offered to octogenarians with invalidating cardiac disease alone carrying a poor short term prognosis.     

应用自体肺动脉瓣置换病变主动脉瓣（附4例报告）

应用自体肺动脉瓣置换病变主动脉瓣、同种肺动脉瓣原拉重建右室流出道（Ross手术）治疗4例主动脉瓣病变患者,成功3例。1例主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形术后存在轻度主动脉瓣返流。超声心动图均提示主动脉根部及同种瓣良好。1例术中误伤自体肺动脉瓣,改机械瓣置换。认为用自体肺动脉瓣置换病变主动脉瓣效果满意,术中预防自体肺动脉瓣损伤和主动脉瓣返流是手术成功的关键,同种肺动脉瓣原位重建右室流出道可为常规选择的管道。