肿瘤血清标记物骨桥蛋白用于诊断胰腺癌研究

目的评价骨桥蛋白(OPN)作为肿瘤血清标记物在胰腺癌诊断中的作用。方法收集北京协和医院胰腺外科2004年2月至2006年2月相关临床住院病人的血清64例,运用ELISA法检测其中的46例胰腺癌病人、18例慢性胰腺炎病人以及20名健康人的血清中的OPN、CA19-9和CA242的含量。用ROC曲线法对检测结果进行分析,同时对结果进行统计学检验。结果三种肿瘤标记物的水平在胰腺癌组均高于慢性胰腺炎组,且差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01)。运用ROC曲线法对三种肿瘤标记物的检测结果进行处理。OPN、CA19-9和CA242的AUC(area under curve)分别为0.788、0.808和0.737。分层分析表明,OPN和CA19-9在手术无法切除组高于手术可切除组(P<0.01)。结论OPN在胰腺癌血清学诊断中有临床意义,若同时联合检测CA19-9,则对胰腺癌术前可切除性评估有一定的临床价值。     

十二种肿瘤标志物联合检测在胆管癌诊断中的价值

目的 了解肿瘤标志物的联合检测和分析对胆管癌鉴别诊断的价值.方法 应用蛋白芯片技术同时检测 CA19-9,CEA,CA242,CA153,Bata-HCG,AFP,Free-PSA,Ferritin,NSE,PSA,CA125和HGH共12种肿瘤标志物在受试者血清中的表达.试验分三组:胆管癌组64例,胆道结石病组86例,正常对照组547例.结果 12种肿瘤标志物总的表达强度和阳性率为胆管癌组＞胆管结石病组＞健康对照组.胆管癌组中CA19-9,AFP,CEA,CA242和CA125的表达强度显著高于胆道结石病组(P＜0.05).同时胆管癌组中CA19-9、CEA和Bata-HCG的阳性率也明显高于胆道结石病组(P＜0.05).CA19-9、CA242和CEA对胆管癌诊断的敏感性均高于50%,其中CA19-9的敏感性最高达75.0%.CA19-9、CA242、CEA和CA125特异性和准确性均高于50%,其中以CA19-9的准确性最高,达60.7%.肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CEA、CA242和CA125与胆管结石相比较的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.574、0.555、0.554和0.551.结论 CA19-9、CEA、CA242和CA125在胆管癌诊断中具有较低的准确性,难以与胆管结石鉴别,诊断价值有限.     

血清癌抗原19-9水平对胰腺癌可切除性判断的临床意义

目的 探讨血清癌抗原19-9 (CA19-9)水平在胰腺癌可切除性判断中的应用价值.方法 采用放射免疫法检测胰腺癌患者血清CA19-9的表达,通过接受者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析确定最佳分界点,通过ROC曲线下面积分析血清CA19-9水平对胰腺癌可切除性判断的临床应用价值.结果 可切除性胰腺癌患者CA19-9的水平为(313.6±515.5)kU/L,明显低于不可切除患者的(852.1±865.1)kU/L(P=0.00).根据接受者操作特性曲线,血清CA19-9对胰腺癌可切除性判断的最佳分界点为312.1 kU/L,其灵敏度为56.6％,特异度为73.3％,ROC曲线下面积0.67.结论 血清CA19-9水平可作为辅助性手段应用于胰腺癌可切除性的判断.     

血清肿瘤标志物在胰腺癌诊断和分期中的意义

目的评估血清肿瘤标志物CA19-9和CA242在胰腺癌诊断和分期中的价值。方法通过病历回顾,收集整理CA19-9和CA242的检测结果及相应的临床资料。利用美国国家综合癌症网络的分期标准进行TNM分期,根据肿瘤能否切除进行分层分析。结果CA19-9和CA242在良、恶性胰腺疾病之间差异有统计学意义,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期胰腺癌与Ⅰ期胰腺癌相比CA19-9显著升高,CA19-9和CA242在手术无法切除组明显高于可切除组,差异均有统计学意义。结论CA19-9与胰腺癌分期和进展关系密切,对胰腺癌的诊断分期和可切除性评估有重要的临床意义。     

肿瘤标志物在肝胆管结石合并胆管癌诊断与预后评估中的价值

目的 评价肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CA242、CEA单独或联合检测在肝胆管结石合并胆管癌诊断与预后评估中的作用.方法 对100例确诊的肝胆管结石合并胆管癌(异常胆管组)患者,手术前检测血清CA19-9、CA242、CEA值,并检测70例肝胆管结石合并胆管炎患者和30例肝血管瘤(正常胆管组)患者的血清CA19-9、CA242、CEA水平.结果 单独应用于异常胆管组诊断时,CA199的灵敏度最高,但是其特异性显著低于CA242和CEA (P＜0.01).三项肿瘤标志物中,两项以上高于正常值的患者其生存期显著低于仅有一项高于正常值或三项皆正常的患者(P＜0.05).结论 CA19-9在异常胆管组诊断率方面优于CEA和CA242,联合检测可以提高诊断的特异性;肿瘤标志物高水平与肝胆管结石合并胆管癌进展期相关;三项肿瘤标志物中两项或三项高于正常值的患者其生存期较短.     

RCAS1在胰腺癌诊断中的作用

Objective To evaluate the effect of receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSO cells(RCASI) as serum tumor marker on the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Receiver-operating characteristics(ROC) curve methods were used to assay the serum content of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in 46 patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients and 20 normal tissues of chronic pancreatitis detected by enzymelinkod immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were analyzed by statistics methods. The expressions of RCAS1 protein were analyzed by immunohistochemical method in 32 patients with pancreatic cancer, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 6 cases of normal pancreatic specimens. Results The serum levels of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in pancreatic cancer were higher than that in chronic pancreatitis respectively (P ＜ 0.01). The area under curve of RCAS1, CA19-9 and CA242 were 0.826, 0.804 and 0.737 ,respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the RCAS1 and CA19-9 levels of pancreatic cancer patients without obstructive jaundice were lower than those for patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). CA19-9 levels of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were lower than those with unresectable pancreatic cancer(P ＜ 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression rates of RCAS1 in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis were 87.5% and 40.0% ,respectively (P ＜0. 05). Conclusions In diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the clinical value of RCAS1 is available. And the combination test of RCAS1 and CA19-9 have clinical value to evaluate if the pancreatic cancer can be resected before operation.     

RCAS1在胰腺癌诊断中的作用

Objective To evaluate the effect of receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSO cells(RCASI) as serum tumor marker on the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Receiver-operating characteristics(ROC) curve methods were used to assay the serum content of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in 46 patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients and 20 normal tissues of chronic pancreatitis detected by enzymelinkod immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were analyzed by statistics methods. The expressions of RCAS1 protein were analyzed by immunohistochemical method in 32 patients with pancreatic cancer, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 6 cases of normal pancreatic specimens. Results The serum levels of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in pancreatic cancer were higher than that in chronic pancreatitis respectively (P ＜ 0.01). The area under curve of RCAS1, CA19-9 and CA242 were 0.826, 0.804 and 0.737 ,respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the RCAS1 and CA19-9 levels of pancreatic cancer patients without obstructive jaundice were lower than those for patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). CA19-9 levels of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were lower than those with unresectable pancreatic cancer(P ＜ 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression rates of RCAS1 in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis were 87.5% and 40.0% ,respectively (P ＜0. 05). Conclusions In diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the clinical value of RCAS1 is available. And the combination test of RCAS1 and CA19-9 have clinical value to evaluate if the pancreatic cancer can be resected before operation.     

RCAS1在胰腺癌诊断中的作用

Objective To evaluate the effect of receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSO cells(RCASI) as serum tumor marker on the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Receiver-operating characteristics(ROC) curve methods were used to assay the serum content of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in 46 patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients and 20 normal tissues of chronic pancreatitis detected by enzymelinkod immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were analyzed by statistics methods. The expressions of RCAS1 protein were analyzed by immunohistochemical method in 32 patients with pancreatic cancer, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 6 cases of normal pancreatic specimens. Results The serum levels of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in pancreatic cancer were higher than that in chronic pancreatitis respectively (P ＜ 0.01). The area under curve of RCAS1, CA19-9 and CA242 were 0.826, 0.804 and 0.737 ,respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the RCAS1 and CA19-9 levels of pancreatic cancer patients without obstructive jaundice were lower than those for patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). CA19-9 levels of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were lower than those with unresectable pancreatic cancer(P ＜ 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression rates of RCAS1 in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis were 87.5% and 40.0% ,respectively (P ＜0. 05). Conclusions In diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the clinical value of RCAS1 is available. And the combination test of RCAS1 and CA19-9 have clinical value to evaluate if the pancreatic cancer can be resected before operation.     

RCAS1在胰腺癌诊断中的作用

Objective To evaluate the effect of receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSO cells(RCASI) as serum tumor marker on the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Receiver-operating characteristics(ROC) curve methods were used to assay the serum content of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in 46 patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients and 20 normal tissues of chronic pancreatitis detected by enzymelinkod immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were analyzed by statistics methods. The expressions of RCAS1 protein were analyzed by immunohistochemical method in 32 patients with pancreatic cancer, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 6 cases of normal pancreatic specimens. Results The serum levels of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in pancreatic cancer were higher than that in chronic pancreatitis respectively (P ＜ 0.01). The area under curve of RCAS1, CA19-9 and CA242 were 0.826, 0.804 and 0.737 ,respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the RCAS1 and CA19-9 levels of pancreatic cancer patients without obstructive jaundice were lower than those for patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). CA19-9 levels of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were lower than those with unresectable pancreatic cancer(P ＜ 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression rates of RCAS1 in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis were 87.5% and 40.0% ,respectively (P ＜0. 05). Conclusions In diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the clinical value of RCAS1 is available. And the combination test of RCAS1 and CA19-9 have clinical value to evaluate if the pancreatic cancer can be resected before operation.     

RCAS1在胰腺癌诊断中的作用

Objective To evaluate the effect of receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSO cells(RCASI) as serum tumor marker on the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Receiver-operating characteristics(ROC) curve methods were used to assay the serum content of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in 46 patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients and 20 normal tissues of chronic pancreatitis detected by enzymelinkod immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were analyzed by statistics methods. The expressions of RCAS1 protein were analyzed by immunohistochemical method in 32 patients with pancreatic cancer, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 6 cases of normal pancreatic specimens. Results The serum levels of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in pancreatic cancer were higher than that in chronic pancreatitis respectively (P ＜ 0.01). The area under curve of RCAS1, CA19-9 and CA242 were 0.826, 0.804 and 0.737 ,respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the RCAS1 and CA19-9 levels of pancreatic cancer patients without obstructive jaundice were lower than those for patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). CA19-9 levels of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were lower than those with unresectable pancreatic cancer(P ＜ 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression rates of RCAS1 in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis were 87.5% and 40.0% ,respectively (P ＜0. 05). Conclusions In diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the clinical value of RCAS1 is available. And the combination test of RCAS1 and CA19-9 have clinical value to evaluate if the pancreatic cancer can be resected before operation.     

血清学肿瘤标志物与胰腺癌诊断及分期的关系

目的 探索血清学肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CEA及CA50与胰腺癌的早期诊断及分期的关系.方法 通过收集分析安徽医科大学附属省立医院普外科2013年1月-2015年10月收治入院的51例胰腺癌患者、10例胰腺良性肿瘤患者、12例慢性胰腺炎患者血清中CA19-9、CEA及CA50的测量值,比较它们在不同分期的胰腺癌及其他胰腺疾病中血清含量的不同.结果 CA19-9在不同分期胰腺癌及其他胰腺疾病中表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CEA及CA50在胰腺癌与胰腺其他疾病中表达差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).但CEA在Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期、Ⅰ期与Ⅲ期、Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期患者血清中的表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CA50在胰腺癌Ⅰ期与Ⅲ期、Ⅱ期和Ⅳ期中表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CA19-9诊断胰腺癌的阳性率高于CEA及CA50,CA19-9、CEA及CA50三者同时检测诊断胰腺癌的阳性率最高.结论 CA19-9、CEA及CA50在血清中的表达水平对于胰腺癌的早期诊断有一定的相关性,在胰腺癌分期中CA19-9的诊断价值最高.     

超声内镜联合肿瘤标记物对胰腺癌早期筛查的研究

目的 研究超声内镜联合检测血清糖链抗原CA19-9、CA242水平对胰腺癌早期诊断的临床应用价值.方法 采用超声内镜探查102例高危人群胰腺的整体情况,同时采用酶链免疫吸附实验法检测血清CA19-9和CA242水平.结果 9.80%(10/102)的病人血清CA19-9异常,12.75%(13/102)的病人CA242异常,二者均异常者7例,其中3例行EUS检查明确胰腺癌诊断,1例临床诊断胰腺癌,1例腹膜后占位,2例正常.102例入选者同时行超声内镜检查,2例显示胰头部不规则低回声区,2例显示胰腺囊实性肿物,3例诊断为胰腺癌,并得到手术病理证实.血清CA19-9诊断正确百分率为90.20%(92/102),灵敏度为50%(4/8),特异度为93.62%(88/94);血清CA242诊断正确百分率为87.25%(89/102),灵敏度为50%(4/8),特异度为90.43%(85/94);EUS联合CA19-9、CA242诊断胰腺癌正确百分率为98.04%(100/102),灵敏度为100%(8/8),特异度为97.87%(92/94).EUS联合CA19-9、CA242诊断胰腺癌的正确百分率显著高于CA242(P＜0.01),明显高于CA19-9诊断的正确百分率(P＜0.05).结论 超声内镜联合检测血清糖链抗原CA19-9、CA242对胰腺癌早期筛查具有较高的价值.     

四种血清肿瘤标志物联合检测对大肠癌临床意义的探讨

目的：探讨CEA、CA19-9、CA242和CA72-4四项血清肿瘤标志物在大肠癌的诊断、手术疗效评价和术后检测的临床价值。方法 应用免疫放射分析法测定80例大肠癌患者和50例大肠良性疾病患者的CEA、CA19-9、CA242和CA72-4等4项血清肿瘤标志物,并随访2年。结果 4种血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9、...     

CT-guided pancreatic percutaneous fine-needle biopsy in differential diagnosis between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis

Differential diagnosis between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis is still difficult to establish. In 63 patients with suspected pancreatic neoplasm we performed: serum CA 19-9 assessment, abdominal ultrasound. CT scan and CT-guided pancreatic percutaneous fine-needle biopsy. The conclusive diagnosis was pancreatic cancer in 40 patients and chronic pancreatitis in 23 patients. With regard to the differential diagnosis, sensitivity and specificity were respectively 80% and 78% for serum CA 19-9, 75% and 65% for abdominal US. 85% and 70% for CT scan. 00% and 87% for percutaneous fine-needle biopsy. We conclude that CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle biopsy is the most reliable method for differential diagnosis between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis.     

Tumour markers in pancreatic cancer

Patients with pancreatic cancer usually lack signs and symptoms in the early course of the disease. Even when malignancy is suspected, differential diagnosis between benign and malignant pancreatic disorders may be difficult with current methods. An increasing interest has been focused on the utility of immunological tumour markers. CEA has been widely used since the early seventies, but the results in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer have been disappointing. Tumour marker tests for CA 19-9 and CA 50 are based on monoclonal antibodies to colonic carcinoma cell lines. CA 19-9 and CA 50 are strongly expressed in most tissue specimens from pancreatic carcinomas, but are also found in normal pancreas and benign pancreatic diseases. The CA 19-9 and CA 50 antigens are shed or released into the circulation, and are found in increased concentrations in 70-80% of patients with pancreatic cancer. Also 50-65% of patients with small resectable carcinomas have elevated CA 19-9 and CA 50 levels, although very high serum concentrations usually indicate advanced disease. Slightly elevated serum CA 19-9 and CA 50 levels are seen in some patients with benign pancreatic diseases, more often in acute than in chronic pancreatitis. Elevated values are often observed in patients with benign obstruction of the common bile duct, particularly in patients with cholangitis. In patients with jaundice of hepatocellular origin, the CA 19-9 and CA 50 levels are lower than in extrahepatic cholestasis. CA 19-9 and CA 50 have better diagnostic accuracy for pancreatic cancer than CEA, CA 125, DU-PAN-2, TPA and PSTI/TATI. However, the sensitivities and specificities of CA 19-9 and CA 50 are too low for screening of an asymptomatic population. Nevertheless, CA 19-9 and CA 50 have in our experience shown to be useful complements to other diagnostic methods in symptomatic patients with suspicion of pancreatic cancer. Combinations of different markers improve the sensitivity only slightly compared to the use of CA 19-9 or CA 50 alone. Follow-up using CA 19-9 and CA 50 is a simple and sensitive way of monitoring the postoperative course of patients with pancreatic cancer, and may give a lead time of several months for a recurrence compared to conventional methods.     

肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CA242、CEA和CA125联合检测在胰腺癌诊断中的意义

目的 探讨肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CA242、CEA和CA125单项检测和联合检测对胰腺癌患者的临床诊断价值.方法 检测48例胰腺癌患者以及48例健康体检者外周血清中四种肿瘤标志物的水平,并对结果进行分析.结果 胰腺癌患者血清中CA19-9、CA242、CEA与CA125的含量显著高于正常时照组,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).单项检测时CA19-9、CA242、CEA与CA125的敏感性分别为79.2%、54.2%、50.0%和35.4%.特异性分别为87.5%、89.6%、79.2%和70.8%.联合检测时敏感性为93.8%,特异性为100%.结论 CA19-9、CA242、CEA与CA125联合检测敏感性和特异性都明显高于单项检测.联合检测较单项血清标志物检测能提高胰腺癌的诊断率.     

用于胰头癌可切除性判断的术前血清标志物筛选

目的:探讨术前血清肿瘤标记物糖类抗原(CA19-9、CA50、CA242、CA125)和癌胚抗原(CEA)水平对胰头癌可切除性评估的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月—2015年12月收治的104例胰头癌患者的临床资料,筛选与胰头癌可切除性相关的血清肿瘤标记物,并采用受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)与曲线下面积(AUC)分析其对胰头癌可切除性的预测价值。结果:104例患者均行手术探查,其中可切除54例(可切除组),不可切除50例(不可切除组)。两组术前血清CA50和CEA水平差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),而不可切除组CA19-9、CA242和CA125水平明显高于可切除组(317.99k U/Lvs.152.98k U/L;67.81k U/Lvs.39.36k U/L;71.53k U/Lvs.29.22k U/L,均P0.05)。ROC分析得出CA19-9和CA125对胰头癌可切除性均具有判断价值,其最佳截断点分别为236.13k U/L和16.44k U/L,AUC值分别为0.667和0.678(均P0.05),而单项检测CA242对胰头癌可切除性诊断无明显判别价值(AUC=0.609,P=0.085)。CA19-9、CA125联合诊断对胰头癌可切除性诊断的灵敏度和特异性提高。结论:术前检测血清CA19-9和CA125水平可作为辅助指标应用于胰头癌的可切除性评估,两者联合检测更能提高灵敏度和特异性。     

外周血K-ras基因突变和CA19-9的联合检测在胰腺癌诊断中的作用

目的 研究K-ras基因突变和CA19-9联合检测在胰腺癌诊断中的作用。方法 选择同期的15例胰腺癌和33非胰腺癌病人,同时行外周血K-ras基因突变和CA19-9的检测,利用统计学方法进行数据分析。结果 外周血K-ras基因突变和CA19-9联合检测诊断胰腺癌的敏感性、特异性分别为66．67％和97％,研究组和对照组之间差异具有显著性意义(P=0．001)。结论 外周血K-ras基因突变和CA19-9的联合检测显著提高了胰腺癌诊断的特异性,弥补了单一K-ras基因突变和CA19-9检测的不足,可用于胰腺癌的辅助诊断。     

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??Clinical value of serum CA19-9 in the diagnosis of suspected pancreatic cancer by imaging methods WANG Wei-lin*, WU Ze-hui, ZHU Feng, et al. Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
Corresponding author: ZHENG Shu-sen, E-mail:shusenzheng@zju.edu.cn
Abstract Objective To explore the clinical value of the combination of serum tumor marker CA19-9 and imaging methods (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods The clinical data of 267 patients with suspected pancreatic cancer by imaging methods admitted from January 2010 to February 2012 in Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University were analyzed retrospectively. Results In all 267 patients, 225 (83.0%) and 42 (17.0%) patients were diagnosed as pancreatic cancer and non-pancreatic cancer respectively. In the pancreatic cancer group, serum CA19-9 was elevated in 173 (76.9%) patients. Eighty-five patients with suspected pancreatic cancer by imaging methods had normal CA19-9 value. Among them, 52 (61.2%) patients were finally diagnosed as pancreatic cancer on pathology, and 33 (38.8%) patients as non-pancreatic cancer. One hundred and eighty-two patients with suspected pancreatic cancer by imaging methods had elevated CA19-9 value. Among them, 173 patients were finally diagnosed as pancreatic cancer on pathology and 9 patients as non-pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Serum tumor marker CA19-9 may provide valuable clues for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer which is suspected by imaging methods. As to CA19-9 negative patients, in whom pancreatic cancer is suspected by imaging methods, much more attention should be paid to the possibility of false positive results of imaging methods. Pancreas puncture before surgery is recommended to confirm the diagnosis and exclude the possibility of chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and solid-pseudopapillary tumor, etc. As to patients with elevated CA19-9 and imaging methods suspected pancreatic cancer, operation is recommended.