藻酸钙微载体培养胎儿关节软骨细胞

目的 观察胎儿关节软骨细胞在藻酸钙微载体培养中的特征，探计用藻酸钙微载体培养胎儿关节软骨细胞的优缺点。方法 用藻酸钙微载体和体外单层培养法培养胎儿关节软骨细胞，观察细胞形态学变化，测定细胞数量变化及其生长曲线，观察细胞增殖；借助免疫组织化学的方法了解细胞Ⅱ型胶原的合成情况。结果 体外单层培养的胎儿关节软骨细胞传至第5代已出现明显的反分化，多数细胞变为成纤维细胞状，合成Ⅱ型胶原的能力明显减弱；而用藻酸钙微载体培养的软骨细胞3个月后仍瓮中保持有旺盛的合成Ⅱ型胶原的能力。结论 用藻酸钙微载体培养胎儿关节软骨细胞可较长时间保持其表型及合成基质能力，防止反分化的发生。     

藻酸钙凝胶为载体体外短期培养羊软骨细胞的生物学性状

目的:观察以海藻酸钠为载体的成年羊软骨细胞移植前体外短期培养的生物学性状。方法:实验于2004-07/2005-11在解放军总医院骨科研究所完成。①取成年山羊关节软骨,酶消化法得到原代软骨细胞,体外培养扩增,选用培养的第2,3代羊关节软骨细胞与12g/L海藻酸钠混合,种植密度为2×109L-1,将102mmol/L氯化钙溶液滴入软骨细胞藻酸钠悬液,形成藻酸钙软骨细胞凝胶,用软骨细胞培养液培养。②3,6,912d,分别取凝胶,测定DNA、蛋白聚糖含量,并行苏木精-伊红、藩红花O染色及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色。结果:①藻酸钙凝胶中细胞的光镜形态学观察:软骨细胞在藻酸钙中呈丛状或球状生长,细胞在整个培养过程维持球形状态。②复合软骨细胞的藻酸钙凝胶的组织形态学及免疫组化测定结果:木精-伊红染色可见随培养时间的延长,细胞群增多变大;藩红花O染色显示软骨细胞周围存在不断增大的橙红染区,提示软骨细胞分泌蛋白聚糖含量持续增加。Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色阳性。③软骨细胞藻酸钙凝胶培养过程中DNA及蛋白聚糖含量的测定:随时间的延长,DNA的量逐渐增加,说明藻酸钙中的软骨细胞在不断增殖。藻酸钙中软骨细胞分泌的特异性基质蛋白聚糖随时间的延长而增多,象征着软骨细胞表型的稳定。结论:成年羊软骨细胞在藻酸钙中短期培养生长增殖良好,藻酸钙能保留羊软骨细胞表型,具备植入体内的条件。     

藻酸钙凝胶为载体体外短期培养羊软骨细胞的生物学性状

目的：观察以海藻酸钠为载体的成年羊软骨细胞移植前体外短期培养的生物学性状。方法：实验于2004-07／2005-11在解放军总医院骨科研究所完成。①取成年山羊关节软骨，酶消化法得到原代软骨细胞，体外培养扩增，选用培养的第2，3代羊关节软骨细胞与12g／L海藻酸钠混合，种植密度为2&;#215;10^9L^-1，将102mmol／L氯化钙溶液滴入软骨细胞藻酸钠悬液，形成藻酸钙软骨细胞凝胶，用软骨细胞培养液培养。②3，6，9，12d分别取凝胶，测定DNA、蛋白聚糖含量，并行苏木精-伊红、藩红花O染色及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色。结果：①藻酸钙凝胶中细胞的光镜形态学观察：软骨细胞在藻酸钙中呈丛状或球状生长，细胞在整个培养过程维持球形状态。②复合软骨细胞的藻酸钙凝胶的组织形态学及免疫组化测定结果：木精-伊红染色可见随培养时间的延长，细胞群增多变大；藩红花0染色显示软骨细胞周围存在不断增大的橙红染区，提示软骨细胞分泌蛋白聚糖含量持续增加。Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色阳性。③软骨细胞藻酸钙凝胶培养过程中DNA及蛋白聚糖含量的测定：随时间的延长，DNA的量逐渐增加，说明藻酸钙中的软骨细胞在不断增殖。藻酸钙中软骨细胞分泌的特异性基质蛋白聚糖随时间的延长而增多，象征着软骨细胞表型的稳定。结论：成年羊软骨细胞在藻酸钙中短期培养生长增殖良好，藻酸钙能保留羊软骨细胞表型，具备植入体内的条件。     

藻酸钠凝胶三维培养条件下胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ对兔关节软骨细胞表型的影响

目的:观察胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ对藻酸盐凝胶三维培养条件下兔关节软骨细胞表型的影响。方法:实验于2004-10/2006-10在上海长海医院血管外科实验室完成。实验材料:4周龄雄性新西兰兔6只。实验方法:利用机械与酶消化的方法获得均一的兔关节软骨细胞,在单层培养条件下将软骨细胞增殖至P2代;将P2代细胞高密度条件下转入藻酸盐凝胶培养介质,进行三维培养。细胞培养分组:①不含胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ三维培养。②含50μg/L胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ三维培养组。③单层培养。实验评估:①三维培养细胞于培养的2,4,6周行冰冻切片苏木精-伊红染色及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学检测。②单层培养细胞每传代1次行细胞爬片苏木精-伊红染色及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学检测。结果:①细胞学外观形态变化:两组藻酸盐凝胶三维培养体系中的软骨细胞在6周的培养过程中始终保持了圆形的细胞外观。单层培养软骨细胞在第5代以前,均保持了星形及多角形的正常软骨细胞外观。②免疫组织化学显示结果:培养6周后,含胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ三维培养软骨细胞特异性Ⅱ型胶原细胞仍呈强阳性染色,表达水平较转入三维体系前未见降低,培养细胞保持了良好的分化表型。单层培养软骨细胞在第5代以前,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色为阳性。第6代以后,大部分细胞呈梭形,向成纤维细胞转化,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色为阴性。结论:胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ对藻酸盐三维培养条件下的关节软骨细胞表型具有维持作用。     

兔关节软骨细胞在藻酸盐串珠中培养维持其表型稳定的研究

目的:软骨细胞在单层培养时,多次传代后细胞表型发生改变。将兔关节软骨细胞在藻酸盐串珠中作立体培养,以保持其特有表型。方法:用酶消化法获取兔关节软骨细胞,分别在普通培养瓶中作贴壁的单层培养,并传代;或制成细胞/藻酸盐悬液,再进一步制成串珠,使细胞在具有三维立体结构的串珠中生长、繁殖。细胞涂片、石蜡切片,爱尔新蓝染色,采用倒置显微镜、透射电镜观察;以RT-PCR方法检测软骨细胞中II型胶原及凝集聚糖mRNA的表达。结果:单层培养时有较高的细胞增殖率,5代以后渐失去软骨细胞特有的表型。立体培养时细胞分泌的基质大部分位于自身的周围,特有表型可长期保持稳定。3个月后藻酸盐串珠中的软骨细胞仍可测得II型胶原和凝集聚糖的表达。结论:软骨细胞在藻酸盐串珠中培养有助于其合成、分泌基质,维持细胞特有表型的稳定。     

兔关节软骨细胞在藻酸盐串珠中培养维持其表型稳定的研究

目的：软骨细胞在单层培养时，多次传代后细胞表型发生改变。将兔关节软骨细胞在藻酸盐串珠中作立体培养，以保持其特有表型。方法：用酶消化法获取兔关节软骨细胞，分别在普通培养瓶中作贴壁的单层培养，并传代；或制成细胞/藻酸盐悬液，再进一步制成串珠，使细胞在具有三维立体结构的串珠中生长、繁殖。细胞涂片、石蜡切片，受尔新蓝染色，采用倒置微镜、透射电镜观察；以RT-PCR方法检测软骨细胞中Ⅱ型胶原及凝集聚糖mRNA的表达。结果：单层培养时有较高的细胞增殖率，5代以后渐失去软骨细胞特有的表型。立体培养时细胞分泌的基质大部分位于自身的周围，特有表型可长期保持稳定。3个月后藻酸盐串珠中的软骨细胞仍可测得Ⅱ型胶原和凝集聚糖的表达。结论：软骨细胞在藻酸盐串珠中培养有助于其合成、分泌基质，维持细胞特有表型的稳定。     

无血清培养兔关节软骨细胞的初步研究

软骨细胞体外扩增移植治疗关节软骨缺损是近年来软骨缺损研究的热点[1-2].目前体外培养软骨细胞多是使用含血清培养基,但血清成分十分复杂,质量不恒定,不利于实验条件标准化和细胞产物的分析、提纯;     

无血清培养兔关节软骨细胞的初步研究

软骨细胞体外扩增移植治疗关节软骨缺损是近年来软骨缺损研究的热点。目前体外培养软骨细胞多是使用含血清培养基，但血清成分十分复杂，质量不恒定，不利于实验条件标准化和细胞产物的分析、提纯；同时血清中也含有一定的细胞毒性物质和抑制物质，对细胞有去分化作用，影响某些细胞功能的表达。因此，作者对无血清培养关节软骨细胞进行了初步研究。     

原代培养小鼠关节软骨细胞的分化与诱导

背景:传统培养方法体外培养的软骨细胞经长时间传代培养后往往去分化为成纤维细胞,导致细胞数量及活性下降.如何避免培养过程中的去分化问题,是模拟体内软骨内成骨软骨发育过程的关键.目的:课题创新性提出以Ⅱ型胶原酶和胰蛋白酶结合消化法体外培养扩增C57BL/6小鼠关节软骨细胞并诱导其向更成熟肥大软骨细胞或终末分化软骨细胞分化.设计、时间及地点:细胞学体外观察实验,于2008-09/12在解放军第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所全军战创伤中心,创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室完成.材料:C57BL/6品系新生小鼠9只.方法:采用胰蛋白酶和Ⅱ型胶原酶结合消化法分离培养C57BL/6新生小鼠关节软骨细胞,细胞计数法绘制细胞生长曲线,RT-PCR检测Ⅱ型胶原进行鉴定.当细胞90%融合时以含5.5mg/L人转铁蛋白,3×10<'-8> mol/L亚硒酸钠,10mg/L牛胰岛素的ITS诱导培养基进行分化诱导.主要观察指标:诱导0,7 d,阿利新蓝染色检测软骨细胞分泌基质中的葡萄糖胺聚糖,von Kossa染色检测软骨细胞钙化结节形成情况,实时定量PCR检测Ⅱ型胶原、X型胶原及基质金属蛋白酶13的表达进行鉴定.结果:原代培养细胞24 h贴壁,呈三角或多角形,培养4～6 d进入快速增殖期,RT-PCR检测到Ⅱ型胶原的表达,证实获得大量高纯度、高活性的软骨细胞.诱导0 d,细胞单层铺满培养皿底面,无聚集现象;诱导7 d明显可见由软骨细胞聚集形成的软骨小结.与诱导0 d时相比,诱导7 d阿利新蓝染色示软骨细胞分泌基质中的葡萄糖胺聚糖染色呈阳性,可见明显的软骨小结,Ⅱ型胶原及基质金属蛋白酶13表达明显增高,且钙化结节明显增多.结论:采用胰蛋白酶和胶原酶结合消化法获得大量高纯度、高活性的软骨细胞.ITS诱导体系有效地促进了软骨细胞成熟及终末分化,较成功模拟了软骨内成骨的软骨发育过程.     

三维支架材料外消旋聚乳酸复合藻酸钙的生物相容性观察

目的:观察外消旋聚乳酸(PDLLA)复合藻酸钙(CAG)制备的三维支架材料的组织相容性、细胞相容性,为进一步改善材料性能提供实验依据。方法:体外大鼠成骨细胞与PDLLA、PDLLA/CAG支架材料联合培养,倒置显微镜、环境扫描电镜观察细胞黏附情况,MTT法分析细胞增殖情况;将支架材料植入大鼠肌袋中,观察局部伤口情况,术后2,4,8,12周行组织学观察。结果:复合支架材料在细胞贴壁时间和细胞活性方面均较单纯支架优良;两种支架材料在体内均无明显炎症反应。MTT法测定结果显示:随着培养时间的延长,各组细胞数量都明显增加,各时间点PDLLA组细胞数高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(t=-285.091,-154.681,-72.794,-81.306,P<0.01);PDLLA/CAG组细胞数高于PDLLA组,差异有显著性意义(t=-297.156,-167.687,-84.900,-103.103,P<0.01)。结论:PDLLA/CGA是一种具有良好生物相容性的支架材料,有望在骨组织工程中得到广泛应用。     

体外传代培养兔关节软骨细胞的去分化现象

背景：兔是软骨组织工程研究中应用非常广泛的实验动物模型,关节软骨细胞的去分化现象已经被广泛认可.目的：观察体外传代培养过程中兔关节软骨细胞的去分化现象.方法：将从新西兰大白兔膝关节分离获取的原代软骨细胞进行传代培养至第7代,对细胞生长、形态、基质分泌以及基因表达等方面分别采用细胞计数,显微镜观察,F机动蛋白染色、番红O染色,糖胺聚糖定量测定以及半定量聚合链式反应进行鉴定和比较.结果与结论：光学显微镜下,兔关节软骨细胞在体外传代培养过程中细胞形态由小且圆形或多角形,逐步转变大且为成纤维细胞样的梭形形态,对F机动蛋白的染色进一步佐证了这样的形态变化.细胞计数结果表明,细胞增殖能力随代次增加显著下降,特别是第3代以后的软骨细胞基本无明显增殖;经过番红 O 染色以及定量测定糖胺聚糖的含量,发现软骨特性胞外基质分泌量从第2代细胞开始就呈现显著的降低.半定量聚合链式反应检测结果表明,随着传代次数的增加,特别是第3代以后,软骨相关特征分子（包括Ⅱ型胶原、聚集蛋白聚糖、软骨寡聚基质蛋白和SOX9等）基因表达水平下调;而与去分化相关的特征分子Ⅰ型胶原和多能蛋白聚糖基因表达水平上调,同时,细胞表面分子CD90基因表达上调,而CD14基因表达未见明显变化.结果证实,兔软骨细胞在体外传代过程中可出现快速地去分化现象,呈现出特征基因表达水平的变化,第3代以内的软骨细胞适合应用于软骨组织再生修复.     

类胰岛素样生长因子I在人鼻中隔软骨细胞体外培养中的作用

目的:为加速体外培养的人鼻中隔软骨细胞的增殖,观察类胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-I)对体外培养软骨细胞的影响。方法:体外培养人鼻中隔软骨细胞,MTT法观察IGF-I对软骨细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞仪检测IGF-I对软骨细胞周期的影响;斑点杂交法了解IGF-I对软骨细胞II型胶原mRAN的影响。结果:IGF-I浓度大于5ng/ml即可促进体外培养软骨细胞的增殖,缩短软骨细胞增殖周期,有助于II型胶原mRNA的合成。结论:IGF-I促进人鼻中隔软骨细胞增殖与缩短细胞周期有关,并可能通过促进软骨细胞II型胶原mRNA的合成使软骨细胞保持表型稳定。     

藻酸钙凝珠复合自体软骨细胞修复成年兔关节软骨缺损

背景:软骨缺损的修复一直是骨科界的难题之一,近几年发展起来的应用组织工程学技术修复软骨缺损的方法,逐渐被认为是一种有希望治疗关节软骨缺损的手段.目的:应用藻酸钙凝珠一自体软骨细胞移植修复兔膝关节软骨缺损,观察损伤近期修复情况.方法:成年新西兰大白兔30只,左膝取软骨细胞,右膝造模.采用体外培养后的第3代自体软骨细胞复合海藻酸钠凝胶,混入CaCl2溶液中制成串珠状凝珠,体外培养4周.实验组植入海藻酸钙凝珠-自体软骨细胞复合物,对照组植入不含细胞的海藻酸钙凝珠,空白组不做任何处理.结果与结论:纳入新西兰大白兔30只,除其中1只术后单侧膝关节僵硬强直外,其余均未见手术后关节活动障碍,所有动物术后无感染,无死亡.苏木精一伊红染色可见,实验组修复组织以透明软骨为主,对照组以纤维软骨修复为主,空白组修复不明显,以纤维软组织修复为主.免疫组织化学染色可见实验组修复组织以表达II型胶原为主,对照组Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化着色较淡,Ⅱ型胶原表达量少.空白组修复组织不表达Ⅱ型胶原.结果提示藻酸钙凝珠-自体软骨细胞修复软骨缺损有较好效果,表明自体软骨细胞复合藻酸钙凝珠能为软骨组织工程提供一种很好的思路.     

Human chondrocyte migration behaviour to guide the development of engineered cartilage

Tissue‐engineering techniques have been successful in developing cartilage‐like tissues in vitro using cells from animal sources. The successful translation of these strategies to the clinic will likely require cell expansion to achieve sufficient cell numbers. Using a two‐dimensional (2D) cell migration assay to first identify the passage at which chondrocytes exhibited their greatest chondrogenic potential, the objective of this study was to determine a more optimal culture medium for developing three‐dimensional (3D) cartilage‐like tissues using human cells. We evaluated combinations of commonly used growth factors that have been shown to promote chondrogenic growth and development. Human articular chondrocytes (AC) from osteoarthritic (OA) joints were cultured in 3D environments, either in pellets or encapsulated in agarose. The effect of growth factor supplementation was dependent on the environment, such that matrix deposition differed between the two culture systems. ACs in pellet culture were more responsive to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) alone or combinations containing BMP2 (i.e. BMP2 with PDGF or FGF). However, engineered cartilage development within agarose was better for constructs cultured with TGFβ3. These results with agarose and pellet culture studies set the stage for the development of conditions appropriate for culturing 3D functional engineered cartilage for eventual use in human therapies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PGA‐associated heterotopic chondrocyte cocultures: implications of nasoseptal and auricular chondrocytes in articular cartilage repair

The availability of autologous articular chondrocytes remains a limiting issue in matrix assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Non‐articular heterotopic chondrocytes could be an alternative autologous cell source. The aims of this study were to establish heterotopic chondrocyte cocultures to analyze cell‐cell compatibilities and to characterize the chondrogenic potential of nasoseptal chondrocytes compared to articular chondrocytes. Primary porcine and human nasoseptal and articular chondrocytes were investigated for extracellular cartilage matrix (ECM) expression in a monolayer culture. 3D polyglycolic acid‐ (PGA) associated porcine heterotopic mono‐ and cocultures were assessed for cell vitality, types II, I, and total collagen‐, and proteoglycan content. The type II collagen, lubricin, and Sox9 gene expressions were significantly higher in articular compared with nasoseptal monolayer chondrocytes, while type IX collagen expression was lower in articular chondrocytes. Only β1‐integrin gene expression was significantly inferior in humans but not in porcine nasoseptal compared with articular chondrocytes, indicating species‐dependent differences. Heterotopic chondrocytes in PGA cultures revealed high vitality with proteoglycan‐rich hyaline‐like ECM production. Similar amounts of type II collagen deposition and type II/I collagen ratios were found in heterotopic chondrocytes cultured on PGA compared to articular chondrocytes. Quantitative analyses revealed a time‐dependent increase in total collagen and proteoglycan content, whereby the differences between heterotopic and articular chondrocyte cultures were not significant. Nasoseptal and auricular chondrocytes monocultured in PGA or cocultured with articular chondrocytes revealed a comparable high chondrogenic potential in a tissue engineering setting, which created the opportunity to test them in vivo for articular cartilage repair. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Resveratrol counteracts IL‐1β‐mediated impairment of extracellular matrix deposition in 3D articular chondrocyte constructs

When aiming at cell‐based therapies in osteoarthritis (OA), proinflammatory conditions mediated by cytokines such as IL‐1β need to be considered. In recent studies, the phytoalexin resveratrol (RSV) has exhibited potent anti‐inflammatory properties. However, long‐term effects on 3D cartilaginous constructs under inflammatory conditions with regard to tissue quality, especially extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, have remained unexplored. Therefore, we employed long‐term model cultures for cell‐based therapies in an in vitro OA environment and evaluated effects of RSV. Pellet constructs made from expanded porcine articular chondrocytes were cultured with either IL‐1β (1–10 ng/ml) or RSV (50 μM) alone, or a cotreatment with both agents. Treatments were applied for 14 days, either directly after pellet formation or after a preculture period of 7 days. Culture with IL‐1β (10 ng/ml) decreased pellet size and DNA amount and severely compromised glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content. Cotreatment with RSV distinctly counteracted the proinflammatory catabolism and led to partial rescue of the ECM composition in both culture systems, with especially strong effects on GAG. Marked MMP13 expression was detected in IL‐1β‐treated pellets, but none upon RSV cotreatment. Expression of collagen type I was increased upon IL‐1β treatment and still observed when adding RSV, whereas collagen type X, indicating hypertrophy, was detected exclusively in pellets treated with RSV alone. In conclusion, RSV can counteract IL‐1β‐mediated degradation and distinctly improve cartilaginous ECM deposition in 3D long‐term inflammatory cultures. Nevertheless, potential hypertrophic effects should be taken into account when considering RSV as cotreatment for articular cartilage repair techniques.     

膝骨关节炎脂肪垫对关节软骨细胞的影响

目的:观察人膝骨关节炎(OA)脂肪垫对正常及OA关节软骨细胞的影响。方法:24例人膝脂肪垫和膝关节软骨均由骨科手术室提供,12例为膝关节急性外伤手术患者,12例为膝OA患者行关节置换术后。切取正常及OA膝脂肪垫行苏木精-伊红染色(HE)及瘦素免疫组织化学染色;用OA膝脂肪垫制作脂肪垫培养液(FCM);于急性膝外伤手术标本的表面完整处提取正常软骨细胞,于膝OA关节置换术标本提取OA软骨细胞,分别进行体外培养并鉴定,随机分成正常组、OA组、正常+FCM组及OA+FCM组,其中正常组和OA组均加入完全高糖培养基,正常+FCM组和OA+FCM组均加入FCM,对各组细胞进行形态学观察,于第14天将各组软骨细胞予Ⅱ型胶原(COL2)免疫组化染色及油红O染色,同时应用Western blot技术检测各组软骨细胞中COL2、聚蛋白多糖(Acan)和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-13)的表达情况。结果:(1)COL2免疫组化染色:OA组软骨细胞内的COL2免疫组化染色平均吸光度比正常组显著降低(P0.05)。与OA组相比,正常+FCM组软骨细胞内的COL2免疫组化染色平均吸光度无明显差异,而OA+FCM组显著降低(P0.05)。与正常+FCM组相比,OA+FCM组软骨细胞内的COL2免疫组化染色平均吸光度显著降低(P0.05)。(2)油红O染色:OA组软骨细胞内的油红O染色平均吸光度与正常组相比差异无统计学意义。与OA组相比,正常+FCM组和OA+FCM组软骨细胞内的油红O染色平均吸光度均有增高(P0.05),但OA+FCM组增高更为显著(P0.05)。(3)Western blot结果:OA组COL2、Acan的表达水平低于正常组(P0.05),而MMP-13的表达高于正常组(P0.05)。与OA组相比,正常+FCM组COL2、Acan和MMP-13的表达水平无明显差异;相较于正常组及正常+FCM组,OA+FCM组COL2、Acan的表达水平降低(P0.05),而MMP-13的表达水平增高(P0.05)。结论:OA膝FCM能使正常及OA软骨细胞形态上发生脂肪样变,并通过代谢途径提高软骨细胞MMP-13的表达,加速软骨细胞COL2、Acan的降解,且对OA软骨细胞的破坏更为显著。     

关节软骨细胞体外培养不同时间去分化现象发生过程及规律

目的研究软骨细胞体外培养不同时间去分化现象发生过程及规律。方法倒置显微镜观察体外培养软骨细胞形态变化;根据每代每日细胞计数结果,绘制生长曲线,检测细胞增殖能力;采用免疫组织化学方法检测软骨细胞分泌II型胶原的变化规律。结果随着培养时间的延长,软骨细胞形态发生明显的改变;细胞增殖能力及分泌细胞外基质II型胶原的能力逐渐减低。结论兔关节软骨细胞体外培养时第3代开始出现去分化现象,至第5代(8周)时去分化现象明显。     

The effects of using vitrified chondrocyte sheets on pain alleviation and articular cartilage repair

T he effect of using vitrified–thawed chondrocyte sheets on articular cartilage repair was examined because the methods for storing chondrocyte sheets are essential for allogeneic chondrocyte sheet transplantation. Six Japanese white rabbits were used as sources of articular chondrocytes and synovial cells. Chondrocytes were harvested from the femur, and synovial cells were harvested from inside the knee joints. After coculture of the chondrocytes with synovial cells, triple‐layered chondrocyte sheets were fabricated. Eighteen rabbits were used, with six rabbits in each of three groups: osteochondral defect only (control, group A); chondrocyte sheets (group B); and vitrified–thawed chondrocyte sheets (group C). An osteochondral defect was created on the femur. After transplantation, the weight distribution ratio of the undamaged and damaged limbs was measured as a pain‐alleviating effect. The rabbits were euthanized at 12 weeks, and the transplanted tissues were evaluated for histology (Safranin O staining and immunostaining) using the International Cartilage Repair Society grading system. For both evaluations, significant differences were observed between groups A and B, and between groups A and C (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups B and C. Thus, pain‐alleviating effects and tissue repair were achieved using vitrified–thawed chondrocyte sheets. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.