附加锁定接骨板结合自体髂骨植骨治疗股骨干骨折交锁髓内钉固定术后骨不连

目的探讨附加锁定接骨板结合自体髂骨植骨治疗股骨干骨折交锁髓内钉固定术后骨不连的临床疗效。方法对10例股骨干骨折交锁髓内钉固定术后骨不连采用附加锁定接骨板结合自体髂骨植骨治疗。结果10例术后均获得平均12（8-18）个月随访。骨折均获愈合,愈合时间平均5．2（4～6）个月,膝关节屈伸功能恢复良好。结论附加锁定接骨板结合自体髂骨植骨治疗股骨干骨折交锁髓内钉固定术后骨不连创伤小、操作简单、骨折愈合快、功能恢复好,是一种理想的治疗方法,临床上值得推广。     

逆行交锁髓内钉联合单侧骨皮质钢板固定治疗股骨髁上骨不连

目的探讨逆行交锁髓内钉联合单侧骨皮质钢板固定治疗股骨髁上骨不连的临床疗效和特点。方法对15例股骨髁上骨不连,均采用逆行交锁髓内钉联合单侧骨皮质钢板固定加自体髂骨植骨治疗,其中6例伴有膝关节僵硬者同时行膝关节松解术。结果15例获12～36个月随访,平均15个月。4～7个月内均获骨性愈合,膝关节僵硬获得明显改善。结论应用逆行交锁髓内钉联合单侧骨皮质钢板固定后骨折端可获得坚强内固定及压应力,手术操作简便、安全,可早期进行膝关节和股四头肌功能锻炼,是一种治疗股骨髁上骨不连的有效方法。     

交锁髓内钉加自体髂骨植骨治疗胫骨骨不连的应用

目的回顾性分析在基层医院对13例胫骨骨不连应用交锁髓内钉加自体髂骨植骨治疗的效果。方法2004年10月至2011年6月采用交锁髓内钉加自体髂骨植骨治疗胫骨骨不连13例,男8例,女5例;年龄26～60岁,平均40.3岁。结果经8～24个月,平均16个月的随访,本组病例均于4～8个月内获得骨性愈合。结论交锁髓内钉加自体髂骨植骨方法简便,是一种对胫骨骨不连治疗的有效方法,值得基层医院推广。     

肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连

目的介绍应用肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的经验。方法1997年10月～2001年7月,应用肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗12例肱骨骨折术后骨不连患者,其中肥大型5例,萎缩型2例,假关节形成5例。受伤至骨不连手术的时间平均为10．5个月(5～33个月)。手术采用开放复位顺行置入髓内钉,锁入远端交锁钉后向近端打拔以使断端加压,自体髂骨及RBX植骨。结果所有患者获平均21个月(9～51个月)随访。12例患者骨不连均获得愈合,平均愈合时间为5．8个月(3．5～8．0个月)。其中1例去除髓内钉后1年于原骨不连部位发生再骨折,重新植骨内固定而获得愈合。11例肩关节及上肢功能恢复良好。所有患者未遗留神经损伤症状。结论肱骨交锁髓内钉为治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的有效方法。     

髓内植骨加长接骨板内固定治疗股骨髓内钉断裂后骨不愈合

目的探讨髓内植骨加长接骨板内固定术治疗股骨交锁髓内钉内固定断裂后骨不愈合的临床效果。方法2000年4月～2005年3月,采用髓内自体植骨及矩形开槽骨块倒置植骨结合长的有限接触动力加压接骨板内固定治疗12例股骨交锁髓内钉断裂致骨不愈合患者。结果所有患者获9～30个月(平均19个月)随访。12例患者全部愈合,平均愈合时间为7．4个月。参照Merchant标准评定膝关节功能：优10例,良1例,中1例。结论对股骨交锁髓内钉内固定断裂后骨不愈合患者可借助原切口,在取髓内钉的同时,采用髓内自体植骨及矩形开槽骨块倒置植骨结合长的有限接触动力加压接骨板内固定治疗。     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨不连

目的：分析股骨骨不连原因,观察带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨不连的临床效果。方法：2001年1月至2009年1月,采用带锁髓内钉治疗31例股骨骨不连,男19例,女12例;年龄18～73岁,平均32.5岁。其中骨不连发生在股骨干24例,股骨远端7例。股骨干骨不连采用标准带锁髓内钉治疗,股骨远端骨不连采用股骨髁上带锁髓内钉治疗。一般行切开带锁髓内钉固定及自体骨移植,所有病例均使用扩髓技术。结果：31例全部获得随访,时间14～72个月,平均23个月。30例获骨性愈合,愈合时间3～6个月,平均4.6个月;另1例髓内钉固定后再次给予植骨后愈合。髋关节功能全部正常,术后1年膝关节行HSS评分平均为（89.97±5.21）分。结论：采用带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨不连具有固定可靠,稳定性好的优点,有利于肢体、关节早期功能锻炼。扩髓结合自体骨移植可获良好临床效果。     

微创植骨结合髓内钉动力化治疗骨延迟愈合、骨不连

[目的]探讨微创取骨、精准植骨结合髓内钉动力化治疗交锁髓内钉固定后骨延迟愈合、骨不连的临床疗效。[方法] 2009年1月～2017年10月,采用微创自体髂骨取骨、精准植骨结合髓内钉动力化治疗交锁髓内钉固定后股骨干骨折骨延迟愈合、不愈合患者21例,观察切口长度、切口愈合情况、术后并发症及随访观察骨折愈合及膝关节功能情况。[结果]切口长1～2 cm,术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。20例获得随访,随访时间12～24个月,平均(16.83±4.24)个月。其中18例最终获得影像学上的骨性愈合,愈合率为90.00%(18例/20例),无明显并发症发生。所有患者均获得良好的膝关节功能(屈曲均100°,伸直0°)。[结论]微创自体髂骨取骨、精准植骨结合髓内钉动力化是治疗骨延迟愈合、骨不连的有效方法,具有创伤小、并发症少,经济实用等优点。     

带锁髓内钉加自体髂骨植骨治疗胫骨骨不连的体会

目的探讨对5例胫骨骨折骨不连应用带锁髓内钉加自体髂骨植骨治疗,观察其疗效。方法5例胫骨骨不连的患者全部采用带锁髓内钉加自体髂骨植骨。结果5例患者经随访12～36个月,平均15个月,骨折均在4—8个月骨性愈合,功能恢复良好,无感染及断钉现象发生。结论带锁髓内钉加自体髂骨植骨治疗胫骨骨不连是一种治疗胫骨骨不连的有效方法。     

带蒂骨痂植骨交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨硬化型骨不连

[目的]观察交锁髓内钉内固定、带蒂骨痂和自体髂骨植骨术治疗胫骨硬化型骨不连的临床疗效.[方法]本组胫骨硬化型骨不连12例,男8例,女4例;年龄26～64岁,平均45岁,全部采用开放置入交锁髓内钉内固定、带蒂骨痂和自体髂骨植骨术治疗.[结果]经12～72个月,平均48个月的随访,所有病例均于4～6个月内获得骨性愈合.[结论]交锁髓内钉内固定、带蒂骨痂和自体髂骨植骨术治疗胫骨硬化型骨不连具有：（1）合理的生物力学设计;（2）抗骨折旋转及短缩功能;（3）对局部血运破坏小;（4）带蒂骨痂植骨的＂架桥＂作用和自体髂骨植骨的成骨作用促进骨愈合,值得推荐使用.     

加压交锁髓内钉固定加植骨治疗胫骨骨不连的临床研究

目的:探讨加压交锁髓内钉内固定加交锁髓内钉开口处取骨植骨治疗胫骨骨不连的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析自2008年2月至2010年10月采用加压交锁髓内定内固定加髓内针开口处取骨植骨治疗18例胫骨骨干骨不连,男12例,女6例;年龄31～67岁,平均42岁。受伤至手术时间6～18个月,平均8个月。骨折不愈合11例,延迟愈合7例。术后根据HSS评分系统评价膝功能,采用Tenny和Wiss评分系统评估疗效。结果:术后随访12～36个月,平均18个月,患者切口愈合良好,无感染,无皮肤坏死。全部患者未见骨不愈合、感染、畸形及再骨折发生。骨性愈合时间4～8个月,平均6个月。患者术后1年膝关节功能HSS评分平均(89.97±3.21)分。术后根据Tenny和Wiss评分系统评估疗效,优16例,良2例。结论:采用加压交锁髓内钉内固定加交锁髓内钉开口处取骨植骨治疗胫骨骨折不愈合及延迟愈合,能提高骨折愈合率,避免髂骨取骨带来的并发症,减少患者医疗费用。     

交锁髓内钉在治疗股骨干缺损性骨不连中的应用

目的 分析股骨干缺损性骨不连的原因，探讨交锁髓内钉植骨固定治疗股骨干缺损性骨不连短肢畸形的优缺点。方法 采用交锁髓内钉固定，自体髂骨充填骨缺损区的术式治疗股骨干骨不连短肢畸形12例，病例随访平均20个月。结果 12例全部一期愈合，平均愈合时间22个月。肢体延长平均3．2cm。无主钉、锁钉弯曲、折断等内固定失败。结论 股骨干缺损性骨不连的主要原因是骨折固定不牢固造成骨吸收所致。交锁髓内钉植骨固定合理可靠，是治疗股骨干缺损性骨不连短肢畸形的较理想方法，但骨愈合缓慢。植骨应避免遗留骨缺损，负重时间应向后推迟。     

Retrograde versus antegrade nailing of femoral shaft fractures

OBJECTIVES: To compare union rates and complications of retrograde intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures with those of antegrade intramedullary nailing. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Level I trauma center. PATIENTS: Two hundred eighty-three consecutive adult patients with 293 fractures of the femoral shaft who underwent stabilization with antegrade or retrograde inserted femoral nails were studied. There were 140 retrograde nails and 153 antegrade nails. Twelve fractures in twelve patients were excluded (three in patients who died early in the postoperative period, three in patients because of early amputation, four in patients who were paraplegic, and two in patients who fractured through abnormal bone owing to metastatic carcinoma), leaving 134 fractures treated with retrograde nails and 147 treated with antegrade nails. One hundred four femurs treated with retrograde nails (Group R) and ninety-four femurs treated with antegrade nails (Group A) had sufficient follow-up and served as the two study groups. The average clinical follow-up was twenty-three months (range 6 to 66 months) for Group R and twenty-three months (range 5 to 64 months) for Group A. Both groups were comparable with regard to age, gender, number of open fractures, degree of comminution, mode of interlocking (i.e., static or dynamic), and nail diameter (p > 0.05). INTERVENTION: Retrograde intramedullary nails were inserted through the intercondylar notch of the knee, and antegrade nails were inserted through the pirformis fossa using standard techniques. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Union, delayed union, nonunion, malunion, and complication rates. RESULTS: After the index procedure there were no significant differences in healing or incidence of malunion between Group R and Group A (p > 0.05). Healing after the index procedure occurred in ninety-one (88 percent) of the femurs in Group R and in eighty-four (89 percent) of the femurs in Group A. In Group R, there were seven delayed unions (7 percent) and six nonunions (6 percent). In Group A, there were four delayed unions (4 percent) and six nonunions (6 percent). Healing ultimately occurred in 100 (96 percent) femurs from Group R and in ninety-three (99 percent) femurs from Group A. In Group R, there were eleven malunions (11 percent), and in Group A, there were twelve malunions (13 percent). When patients with ipsilateral knee injuries were excluded, the incidence of knee pain was significantly greater for Group R patients (36 percent) than for Group A patients (9 percent) (p < 0.001). When patients with ipsilateral hip injuries were excluded, the incidence of hip pain was significantly greater for Group A patients (10 percent) than for Group R patients (4 percent) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde and antegrade nailing techniques provided similar results in union and malunion rates. There were more complications related to the knee after retrograde nailing and more complications related to the hip after antegrade nailing.     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折并发症的处理及原因分析

[目的]探讨交锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折术后并发症的发生原因和处理方法。[方法]本院1999年1月～2004年12月对243例股骨骨折行交锁髓内钉治疗，发生并发症14例，其中骨延迟愈合2例、骨不愈合3例、锁钉失败6例（锁钉松动退出4例，锁钉折弯1例，锁钉断钉1例）、主钉断钉伴骨不愈合1例、术后再骨折1例、膝关节僵直1例。2例骨延迟愈合及时改静力交锁为动力交锁；3例骨不愈合行植骨治疗；主钉断钉和再骨折行扩髓、换钉、植骨治疗；1例锁钉松动退出伴骨不愈合行换钉、植骨治疗；膝关节僵直行股四头肌成形术。[结果]14例患者经过对症治疗，骨延迟愈合、骨不愈合均骨愈合，膝关节功能恢复满意。[结论]交锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折虽有一定并发症，比其他内固定具有较明显的优势。出现并发症后，及时采取正确有效的处理方法，能达到满意的效果。     

锁定钢板联合自体髂骨植骨治疗股骨干骨不连13例

目的观察13例股骨干骨不连患者采用自体髂骨块联合锁定钢板双固定治疗后的临床疗效。方法 13例股骨干骨不连患者均采取自体髂骨取骨,联合锁定钢板采用双固定骨折端方法进行治疗。结果 13例患者随访时间12~26个月,平均18个月。骨折均获骨性愈合,1例患者伤口延迟愈合,经换药后愈合,无一例发生切口皮肤坏死、深部感染、内固定松动或断裂,无成角畸形。根据HSS膝关节评分为88~97分,平均93分,Rasmussen膝关节功能评分法进行综合评分:优10例,良2例,可1例,差0例。结论符合文献报道:自体髂骨块联合锁定钢板双固定治疗股骨干骨不连临床疗效确切,是一种经济、有效的治疗方法。     

211例下肢长骨骨折带锁髓内钉固定的临床评价

目的 对211例下肢长骨骨折带锁髓内钉内固定治疗的临床结果进行评价。方法 用不扩髓带锁髓内钉为主要固定方法，对211例股骨、胫骨骨折进行手术复位内固定治疗，术后进行包括CPM在内的有序功能锻炼。结果 获得随访189例，时间4～26个月，平均9个月。全组病例获得骨性愈合，无骨不连发生，骨折延迟愈合7例，膝关节功能受限4例。按Johner-wruch标准：优158例，良22例，中9例，优良率95．2％。结论 带锁髓内钉是治疗下肢长骨骨折较好的方法，其适应证较以往有进一步的拓展，术中骨折复位与保存骨折块血供并重的理念是正确的。     

扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折不愈合24例报告

目的 评价扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折不愈合的临床疗效。方法 1998年9月一2001年12月对24例股骨骨折不愈合患者采用扩髓带锁髓内钉进行治疗，行开放复位、扩髓和植骨。采用X线检查及膝关节活动度对结果进行评价。结果 随访6—28个月，平均12．5个月，所有病例均骨性愈合，愈合时间12—28周，平均22周；无感染、脂肪栓塞综合征、再骨折及断钉等并发症发生。随访膝关节活动度优16例，良6例，可l例，差l例。结论 股骨骨折不愈合的主要原因为内固定方式选择及治疗不当，固定技术不完善。使用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折不愈合，具有内固定可靠，便于膝关节早期功能锻炼等优点。同时粉碎颗粒状骨移植可促进骨折愈合，临床应用效果满意。     

Treatment of supracondylar nonunions of the femur with plate fixation and bone graft.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to review the results of single and double-plate fixation combined with grafting with bone from the iliac crest performed by one surgeon as treatment for supracondylar nonunion of the femur. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of eighteen adult patients in whom a nonunion of the supracondylar region of the femur had been treated with single or double-plate fixation and autologous bone graft. The average time from the initial treatment of the fracture or the osteotomy to the index repair of the nonunion was fifteen months (range, five to thirty-six months), and nine patients had had a total of fifteen operations between the initial treatment and the repair of the nonunion. Two of these patients had had at least three procedures. Thirteen double plates, four single plates, and one interfragmentary screw were used for fixation of the nonunions, with onlay autologous bone graft used in all patients. The average time from the repair of the nonunion to the latest follow-up examination was twenty-six months (range, six to 120 months). RESULTS: By the time of the latest follow-up examination, all eighteen nonunions had healed. One patient had needed repeat double-plate fixation and autologous bone-grafting to obtain union. Two patients had had the hardware removed because of pain or infection, one patient had had an implanted electrical bone stimulator removed, and one patient had had a quadricepsplasty to treat restricted motion of the knee. There were only three complications. These included one infection, which resolved with irrigation and debridement and the use of antibiotics; loss of motion of one knee; and one malunion. The average range of motion of the knee at the latest follow-up examination was 101 degrees (range, 10 to 135 degrees). CONCLUSIONS: Rigid plate fixation and autologous bone-grafting is an effective technique for the treatment of nonunions of the supracondylar region of the femur.     

动力髁螺钉(DCS)治疗股骨髁上骨不连16例报告

目的观察动力髁螺钉(DCS)治疗股骨髁上骨不连的临床疗效。方法16例股骨髁上骨不连均采用断端修整、自体髂骨植骨及DCS内固定治疗，5例伴有膝关节粘连者同时行膝关节松解术。结果所有病例获得随访，时间12～48个月，平均18个月。在4～9个月内均获骨性愈合。合并膝关节粘连者功能也获得明显改善。参照Shelbourne疗效评定标准，优8例，良5例，功能优良率达81．3％。结论应用DCS固定 自体髂骨植骨后，骨折端可获得坚强内固定及持久的压应力，有利于早期进行膝关节功能锻炼，是治疗股骨髁上骨不连的有效方法。