Functional activity of hepatocytes in liver fragmentsin vitro as a function of fragment size and duration of culturing

The possibility of using liver fragments in extracorporeal blood detoxication systems is discussed. The detoxication function of liver fragmentsin vitro is studied by assessing metabolism of p-nitroanisole and ethanol and synthesis of urea. Optimal size of liver fragments is 0.4–0.5 mm and the period of active hepatocyte, function is about 10 h. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 10, pp. 406–408, October, 1997     

Antioxidant activity of parapharmaceutics containing natural inhibitors of free radical processes

The duration of lag phase of ascorbate-dependent free radical oxidation of endogenous polyenic lipids in rat liver and myocardium considerably increased after oral administration of lacrinat containing licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder for 1 month. Lacrinat markedly decreased the content of lipid peroxides in rat liver.Ex vivo antioxidant effects of lacrinat in rat liver were comparable with those of β-carotene-containing preparations carinat and carinat CD. Parapharmaceutics containing both licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder and β-carotene (carinat forte) markedly increased antioxidant activity of the liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 56–58, July, 2000     

Antioxidant activity of parapharmaceutics containing natural inhibitors of free radical processes

The duration of lag phase of ascorbate-dependent free radical oxidation of endogenous polyenic lipids in rat liver and myocardium considerably increased after oral administration of lacrinat containing licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder for 1 month. Lacrinat markedly decreased the content of lipid peroxides in rat liver.Ex vivo antioxidant effects of lacrinat in rat liver were comparable with those of β-carotene-containing preparations carinat and carinat CD. Parapharmaceutics containing both licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder and β-carotene (carinat forte) markedly increased antioxidant activity of the liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 56–58, July, 2000     

Modifying effect of hypokinezia on reparative regeneration in the liver

Restriction of motor activity in partially hepatectomized animals causes regressive changes in the remaining part of the liver and complementary hypertrophy due to ablation of the largest part of the liver. The extent of reparative regeneration of the liver under these conditions is determined by modifying influence of hypokinesia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 146–148, February, 1998     

A single endotoxin aggression causes dose-dependent reversible activation of rat liver ito cells without their transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts

The effect of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide on rat hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells was studied. The damage and regeneration potential of the liver were evaluated by activation of perisinusoidal Ito cells and proliferative activity of liver cells. Compensatory and repair reactions in the liver induced by lipopolysaccharide manifested by proliferation of liver cells and reversible activation of Ito cells without their transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 10, pp. 449–452, October, 2000     

Phlogogenic and hemopoiesis-stimulating activities of liver and lung macrophages upon liver regeneration

The phagocytizing and colony-stimulating activities of liver macrophages are increased 36 h after partial hepatectomy. Although the blood count of phagocytizing cells is increased, the rate of the formation of zymosan-induced granulomas in the liver and lungs is decreased. Administration of zymosan after partial hepatectomy inhibits granulomonocytopoiesis in the bone marrow and reduces colony-stimulating activity of Kupffer cells and phagocytizing activity of liver and lung macrophages. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 11, pp. 494–498, November, 1996     

A method for monitoring toxic damage to the liver,based on measurement of total water and its magnetic relaxation characteristics

Acute poisoning of rats with the hepatotropic poison tetrachloromethane was accompanied by increases in the liver content of total water and its spin-lattice (T ₁) and spin-spin (T ₂) relaxation times and by a decrease in theT ₁/T ₂ ratio, with reversal of the correlation betweenT ₁ andT ₂. The antihypoxic agent sodium γ-oxybutyrate normalized water metabolism in the liver almost completely. It is concluded that total water content andT ₁ are the more informative parameters for monitoring both toxic liver damage and the efficacy of its pharmacological correction. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 584–586, December, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Vladimirov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultrastructural changes in albino mouse liver caused by isogenous F1+ and F1− strains ofYersinia pestis and their correction with ceftriaxone

Fatty dystrophy and partial cytoplasmic necrosis predominate during the preagonal period in parenchymatous organs of mice infected withYersinia pestis 231 F1⁺. Endothelial damage, fibrin precipitation, and microcirculatory disorders occur in sinusoidal capillaries. More pronounced changes in the liver develop during the preagonal period in mice infected withY. pestis 231 F1⁻. Treatment with ceftriaxone leads to 100% survival in both groups and substantial restoration of liver structure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 589–593, May, 1996     

Effect of 3,4-Benzopyrene on ultrastructure of sinusoidal cells of the liver in adult male rats

Reoganization of sinusoidal cells (endotheliocytes, Kupffer cells, and Ito cells) in the liver microregion of male rat liver exposed to 3,4-benzopyrene was studied. Synchronous activation of the lysosome-vacuole systems in Kupffer cells and endotheliocyte indicates cooperation of these cells in detoxification of benzopyrene and its metabolites. Ito cells lose lipid inclusions and actively proliferate; the appearance of intermediate forms between lipocytes and fibroblasts attests to activation of fibrogenesis in the liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 12, pp. 696–699, December, 2000     

Is nitric oxide involved in the adaptation to the stress-induced damage?

The iron dinitrosyl complex (a NO donor), adaptation to stress, and their combination suppress the stress-induced ulcer formation. Nω-nitro-L-arginine, a NO synthetase inhibitor, reduce the antistress effect of adaptation. Severe stress induces a sharp decrease in the NO production in the liver and brain. After adaptation to stress, the NO production in the liver and brain does not differ significantly from control levels. However, adaptation attenuates a decrease in the NO production in the liver caused by severe stress. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 9, pp. 274–277, September, 1998     

Glutathione S-transferase activity in the liver of mice with different sensitivity to hepatocarcinogenic effects ofo-aminoazotoluene

Glutathione S-transferase activity was detected in the liver of inbred mice sensitive (CBA) and resistant (CC57BR and C57B1) to hepatocarcinogenic effects ofo-aminoazotoluene. High liver glutathione S-transferase activity was found in CC57BR and C57B1 and low in CBA mice treated with this carcinogen. Thus, interstrain differences in glutathione S-transferase activity probably determine the resistance too-aminoazotoluene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 2, pp. 174–175, February, 2000     

Growth-inhibitory activity of bone marrow cells during CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis

During CCl₄-induced liver cirrhosis, cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment in the bone marrow of BALB/c mice produced activity inhibiting the growth of erythropoiesis and granulomonocytopoiesis precursors. Stimulation with yeast polysaccharide zymosan increased the inhibitory activity (especially in relation to granulomonocytic precursors). The highest growth-inhibitory activity was produced by the bone marrow adherent fraction (residual bone marrow macrophages). Tumor necrosis factor-α is probably responsible for the inhibition of the growth of myeloid precursors in mice with CCl₄-induced liver cirrhosis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 6, pp. 645–647, June, 1999     

Disorders in the structural and metabolic organization of liver acini in systemic endotoxemia

Injection ofEscherichia coli lipopolysaccharide to dogs caused pronounced structural and metabolic changes of liver acini, characterized by the development of compensatory reactions to the endotoxin followed by their failure. In addition to hypoxia, depressed activity of hepatocyte dehydrogenases and diaphorases with impairment of the intraacinar gradient of their activity, leading to the development of hepatocellular insufficiency, appears to underlie the involvement of the liver in systemic endotoxemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 643–646, December, 1995 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Expression of an unusual estrogen-binding protein in the liver of androgenized adult female rats during liver regeneration after carbon tetrachloride poisoning

The expression of an unusual estrogen-binding protein induced in the liver of ovariectomized adult rats by androgen was greatly reduced after their pericentrally located hepatocytes were poisoned with carbon tetrachloride, but was partially restored in the course of subsequent liver regeneration. It is suggested that the androgen program established in the periportal hepatocytes of postpubertal animals is defective. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 7, pp. 28–31, July, 1996     

Morphofunctional aspects of liver regeneration in experimental correction of toxic hepatitis

It is demonstrated that cytoplasmic extract of rat pup liver stimulates cellular and intracellular regeneration of hepatocytes exposed to the toxic agent CCl₄. Injection of liver cytosol stabilizes lysosomal membranes, increases the coefficient of energy efficiency of mitochondria, and activates proliferation of polyploid hepatocytes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 656–659, June, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of pollak liver oil on morphology and function of rat testes

Rat testes are studied 1 month after addition of physiological and excessive doses of pollak liver oil to diet. High doses of pollak liver oil cause degenerative changes in the spermato-genous epithelium, primarily in high differentiated cells (spermatozoa, spermatids, and spermatocytes I). In a dose of 1 g/kg pollak liver oil causes damage to connective tissue of convoluted tubules, which results in aspermia and sterility. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 6, pp. 699–701, June, 1998     

Comparative morphofunctional study of liver acini in peritonitis of different origin

Structural and metabolic characteristics of liver acini are studied in the peritonitis patients. In peritonitis, changes in the activities of hepatocyte dehydrogenases in different acinus zones depend on its causes. The entry of gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharides into portal blood flow and liver is an important factor in the pathogenesis of progressing hepatic failure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 464–466, October, 1998     

Metabolism in perfused rat lived at different terms after short-term hyperthermia

The metabolic state of rat liver was studiedin vivo 1, 6, and 18 h after single hyperthermia (42°C). It was shown that intracellular compensatory reactions involved in restoration of the energy state and realization of endogenous cytoprotective mechanisms play a role during recovery. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 4, pp. 414–416, April, 2000     

Effect of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on oxidation-phosphorylation coupling and the state of the mitochondrial adenosine system in the liver of albino rats

Incubation of the specific catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole with liver mitochondria and administration of this drug to intact rats are shown to uncouple oxidation and phosphorylation and to inhibit adenosine nucleotide synthesis in the animal liver. These disturbances apparently results from catalase inhibition. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 6, pp. 638–640, June, 1996     

Effects of preadministration of phenobarbital and Zyxorin on repair of rat liver parenchyma after ischemic injury

Optic and electron microscopy and morphometry demonstrate that phenobarbital aggravates postischemic injury of the liver to a greater degree than Zyxorin. Repair regeneration processes proceed in induced liver much more intensively, but are most marked after Zyxorin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 185–188, February, 1994 Presented by Yu. I. Borodin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences