Robotic endocrine surgery: technical details and review of the literature

Over the last decade, robotic technology has been used in multiple general surgical procedures. Endocrine surgeons have embraced this technology and subsequently transformed neck operations into more cosmetically acceptable procedures and improved ergonomics. Technical details of various robotic endocrine surgical procedures have recently been described. The aim of this review is to illustrate these technical details and analyze the current data to propose an evidence-based approach to robotic endocrine surgery.     

Robotic bariatric surgery: a systematic review

BackgroundObesity is a nationwide epidemic, and the only evidence-based, durable treatment of this disease is bariatric surgery. This field has evolved drastically during the past decade. One of the latest advances has been the increased use of robotics within this field. The goal of our study was to perform a systematic review of the recent data to determine the safety and efficacy of robotic bariatric surgery. The setting was the University Hospitals Case Medical Center (Cleveland, OH).MethodsA PubMed search was performed for robotic bariatric surgery from 2005 to 2011. The inclusion criteria were English language, original research, human, and bariatric surgical procedures. Perioperative data were then collected from each study and recorded.ResultsA total of 18 studies were included in our review. The results of our systematic review showed that bariatric surgery, when performed with the use of robotics, had similar or lower complication rates compared with traditional laparoscopy. Two studies showed shorter operative times using the robot for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, but 4 studies showed longer operative times in the robotic arm. In addition, the learning curve appears to be shorter when robotic gastric bypass is compared with the traditional laparoscopic approach. Most investigators agreed that robotic laparoscopic surgery provides superior imaging and freedom of movement compared with traditional laparoscopy.ConclusionThe application of robotics appears to be a safe option within the realm of bariatric surgery. Prospective randomized trials comparing robotic and laparoscopic outcomes are needed to further define the role of robotics within the field of bariatric surgery. Longer follow-up times would also help elucidate any long-term outcomes differences with the use of robotics versus traditional laparoscopy.     

Fast-track surgery in gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose

Fast-track surgery aims to attenuate the surgical stress response, reduce complications, and shorten hospital stay. The goal of the present meta-analysis is to assess the safety and effectiveness of fast-track surgery in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer compared with conventional perioperative care.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and reference lists of the identified studies were searched to identify randomized clinical trials that compared fast-track surgery with conventional perioperative care in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Results

Five studies with a total of 400 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis shows that postoperative hospital stay (weighted mean difference (WMD) ?1.87 days, 95 % confidence interval (CI), ?2.46 to ?1.28 days, P?<?0.00001), time to first passage of flatus (WMD ?0.71 days, 95 % CI, ?1.03 to ?0.39 days, P?<?0.0001), and hospital costs (WMD ?505.87 dollars, 95 % CI, ?649.91 to ?361.84 dollars, P?<?0.00001) were significantly reduced for fast-track surgery. No significant differences were found for readmission rates (relative risk (RR), 1.97 95 % CI, 0.37 to 10.64, P?=?0.43) and total postoperative complications (RR, 0.99 95 % CI, 0.56 to 1.76, P?=?0.97).

Conclusions

Fast-track surgery is safe and effective in gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Further randomized trials are needed to strengthen the conclusions.     

机器人胃癌根治术相关问题

近10年来,机器人外科手术系统的临床应用取得了长足发展,其有望解决腹腔镜技术本身的缺陷.经验丰富的外科医生团队在腹腔镜胃癌根治术的基础上,应用机器人进行手术和开展临床研究已经积累了许多成功经验.临床机器人系统为微创手术提供了一个技术上优越的手术环境,是传统腹腔镜胃癌根治术有效、可行的替代方法.该文就机器人胃癌根治术的可...     

机器人辅助胃癌根治术

患者在静吸复合麻醉下机器人胃癌根治术(全胃D2淋巴结清扫，Roux－en－Y吻合)，淋巴结清扫与消化道重建均在镜下完成，手术时间：205 min，术中出血量：65 ml。术后病理：胃体小弯中－低分化腺癌，侵润至胃壁全层，见神经侵犯，上下切缘及大网膜未见癌组织累及，胃小弯淋巴结(8/26)见癌组织累及，胃大弯侧淋巴结(4/11)见癌组织转移。患者术后第4天出院，围手术期处理在加速康复外科理念指导下进行。     

机器人与腹腔镜手术治疗胃癌的近期疗效对比Meta分析

目的:系统评价机器人胃切除术(RG)治疗胃癌的安全性、有效性和近期疗效。方法:检索国内外数据库,收集2005年1月—2015年1月间发表的对比RG和腹腔镜胃切除术(LG)治疗胃癌近期疗效的中文和英文文献,使用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入15篇文献,共计5 286例胃癌患者,其中RG组1 618例,LG组3 668例。Meta分析结果显示,与LG组比较,RG组术中出血量明显减少(WMD=-38.79,95%CI=-53.73~-23.84),淋巴结清扫数目多(WMD=2.13,95%CI=1.45~2.80),胃肠功能恢复时间、进食时间和术后住院时间缩短(WMD=-0.27,95%CI=-0.37~-0.16;WMD=-0.25,95%CI=-0.37~-0.14;WMD=-0.82,95%CI=-1.32~-0.32),但手术时间明显延长(WMD=37.39,95%CI=26.79~47.98)(均P<0.05)。两组近端切缘距离、远端切缘距离和术后并发症发生率方面的差异无统计学意义(WMD=0.05,95%CI=-0.11~0.20;WMD=0.30,95%CI=-0.28~0.88;OR=0.97,95%CI=0.79~1.19)(均P>0.05)。结论:RG治疗胃癌安全可行,可取得与LG相当或更佳的近期疗效和肿瘤根治效果。     

Revisional surgery after gastrectomy for gastric cancer: review of the literature

Recent reports have shown that morbidity and mortality after gastrectomy for gastric cancer vary between authors, countries, and procedures. Common complications related to gastrectomy are postoperative bleeding, anastomotic leakage, pancreatic juice leakage, intra-abdominal abscess, intestinal obstruction, wound dehiscence, and so on. Recently, laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer has developed, especially in Japan and East Asian countries because it is less invasive. Several retrospective studies have shown that the operative complication rate is similar to that of conventional open surgery. Although most postoperative complications can be successfully treated by conservative therapies, surgical management is occasionally needed to prevent a fatal outcome. This review article provides insight into how surgeons can make efforts to reduce postoperative complications through proper preoperative evaluation and improved surgical skills during the initial gastrectomy. In addition, it reviews guidance for timely revisional surgery to allow salvage of patients with serious acute operative complications based on clinical findings made by a group of experienced surgeons.     

机器人根治性远端胃次全切除术

术中在横结肠上缘切开胃结肠韧带,将横结肠系膜前叶分离,向右分离,显露胃网膜右动脉由胰十二指肠动脉分支根部并离断,清除周围淋巴结。将胃翻向上方,在胰腺上缘肝总动脉之起始部找到胃左动脉。分别显露胃左动脉和静脉。先切断静脉,再切断胃左动脉,剥离胰腺背膜,并切除周围脂肪,清除肝总动脉及胰腺上缘之淋巴结,向右继续清除幽门上淋巴结群。在胃十二指肠动脉分出胃右动脉处切断胃右动脉,清除肝固有动脉周围之淋巴结,离断十二指肠。向右继续清除脾动脉周围之淋巴结及脂肪组织,将胃向上翻起,清除贲门淋巴结及脂肪组织。余步骤辅助小切口完成胃肠Roux-en-Y重建。     

Robotic intragastric surgery: A new surgical approach for the gastric lesion

Background

Intragastric surgery is accepted as a minimally invasive procedure for mucosal or submucosal lesions. Robotic surgery promises to extend the capabilities of the minimally invasive surgeon and many surgical specialties are applying this new technology. However, there is no report of robotic intragastric surgery. We describe the use of the da Vinci^® Surgical System for intraluminal mucosal resection of the stomach.

Methods

We developed our porcine intragastric surgery model using the Tuebingen MIS Trainer. We set a tentative lesion on the posterior wall near the esophagocardiac junction (ECJ) of the stomach and performed mucosal resection of the lesion using the da Vinci Surgical System. We also performed closure of the defect after mucosal resection and subsequent closure of the intentional gastric perforation.

Results

Using our porcine intragastric surgery model, we successfully performed mucosal resection of the tentative lesion. We also smoothly completed closure of the defect and closure of the perforation without any complications. The mean size of the mucosa was 6 cm and the mean duration of the procedure was only 12 min.

Conclusions

The safety and efficacy of robotic intragastric surgery was preliminarily established in this study. However, further studies are needed to prove its practical feasibility in humans using the da Vinci Surgical System to make it an effective operation.

     

Robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: surgical techniques and clinical merits

Background  

Robotic gastrectomy in the setting of gastric cancer is reported by some investigators. However, no study has compared robotic surgery with open or laparoscopic surgery for patients with gastric cancer. This study aimed to determine the clinical benefits of robotic gastrectomy over open and laparoscopic gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer.     

Robotic gastric electrical stimulator placement: technique and literature review

Gastroparesis in a chronic setting is a disorder that results in diminished quality of life. Laparoscopic gastric electrical stimulator (GES) placement is now being performed in patients with medically refractory gastroparesis. During this procedure, a significant amount of suturing is required to anchor the electrodes to the gastric wall. Robotic surgery may provide surgeons with several technical and ergonomic advantages during this procedure, when compared with a standard laparoscopic approach. The aim of this study is to present a case and review the technique and literature for robotic placement of GES. This report demonstrates the safety and feasibility of robotic GES placement.