术眼眼球固定与目标扩瞳在降低老年白内障患者术后并发症中的效果

目的 探讨术眼眼球固定与目标扩瞳在降低老年白内障患者术后并发症中的效果。方法 选取2014年4月至2015年7月广州市南沙区第六人民医院收治的200例老年白内障并手术的患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组100例。对照组采取常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上采取术眼眼球固定与目标扩瞳干预,观察两组的眼压、视力、术后并发症及护理满意度等。结果 观察组的满意度分数为（80.61±6.62）分,对照组为（63.22±12.83）分,两组差异有统计学意义（P=0.03）。观察组及对照组进行护理后的眼压对比均有了明显的降低,但观察组较对照组眼压降低更加显著（P=0.03）,观察组患者术后视力较对照组显著上升,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.04）。观察组出现3例并发症（3%）,对照组出现10例并发症（10%）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.01）。结论 对于老年白内障患者,术前进行术眼眼球固定与目标扩瞳干预,可以辅助提高临床疗效,提高护理满意度。     

糖尿病视网膜病变患者围手术期散瞳策略

目的：探讨糖尿病视网膜病变患者围手术期最佳散瞳方法,以利于玻璃体切割手术顺利进行。方法：回顾性分析我院2007年6月-2011年6月所有糖尿病视网膜病变患者的手术资料,选取术前常规应用复方托吡卡胺滴眼液、术中瞳孔直径≥7mm的患者手术时散瞳药的应用记录,共189例,204眼。术前点复方托吡卡胺滴眼液,每5min1次,共6次。点滴眼液后,0.5h内瞳孔散大（直径≥7mm）者为A组（78眼）;超过0.5h,但瞳孔散大时间在1h以内者为B组（75眼）;瞳孔散大时间大于1h者为C组（51眼）。B、C组于术前一天随机应用硫酸阿托品眼用凝胶或盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液,术前1h频点复方托吡卡胺滴眼液。结果：术中瞳孔直径能维持≥7mm的眼数比例,B、C组应用硫酸阿托品眼用凝胶者与应用盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液者差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.5）。术中有134眼因白内障同时行超声乳化白内障摘除术,其术中瞳孔直径能维持≥7mm的眼数比例,B组应用盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液者瞳孔维持的比例较用硫酸阿托品眼用凝胶者高（P〈0.5）,C组中二者比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.5）。结论：对于术前单用复方托吡卡胺滴眼液散瞳时间超过0.5h者,术前点硫酸阿托品眼用凝胶或盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液有利于维持术中瞳孔大小,且二者效果差异无统计学意义。     

超声乳化联合房角分离术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床效果分析

目的 观察白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）合并白内障的临床效果。 方法 回顾性分析天津市黄河医院接受白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术的 PACG 合并白内障患者 71 例, 共 98 眼; 男 21 例（30 眼）, 女 50 例（68 眼）, 年龄 53～ 94 岁, 平均（73.94±6.43）岁。包括： 急性闭角型青光眼缓解期 47 例, 64 眼, 为急闭组; 慢性闭角型青光眼进展期 24 例, 34 眼, 为慢闭组。 观察并比较 2 组患者手术前后矫正视力、眼压（IOP）、房角、中央前房深度（CCT）、降眼压药物使用次数以及术后并发症发生情况, 随访 6 个月 。 结果 随访期末, 2 组术后矫正视力均较术前明显提高, 眼压较术前明显下降, CCT 较术前明显加深, 房角较术前均明显增宽, 降眼压药物（点及口服）应用数量减少（P < 0.01）, 2 组间术前和术后视力、IOP、房角差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）; 2 组间术前和术后 CCT 均是慢闭组高于急闭组（P < 0.05）; 慢闭组术后无药物眼压控制率为 76.5%（26/34）, 8 只眼需点眼药（0.50±0.12）次, 而急闭组为 100%（64/64）, 术后均未用药。 2 组共有 14 眼发生角膜水肿, 8 眼出现虹膜纤维性渗出, 无其他严重并发症。 结论 白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术可以有效降低眼压、提高视力, 术后并发症少, 是治疗 PACG 合并白内障安全有效的术式。     

Improved penetration of aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones into the aqueous humour of patients by means of Acuvue contact lenses

Objectives: In order to improve the penetration of topically applied drugs in ophthalmology, the suitability of hydrophilic contact lenses (Acuvue, Vistacon, power −1.0 D) as a drug delivery system for antibiotics was tested. A prospective study was undertaken to determine the transcorneal penetration of five topically applied aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones into the aqueous humour of patients. Methods: Two hundred and sixty-five patients undergoing cataract extraction received 0.3% gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin solution by two different modes of administration: either as eye drops (nine drops every 15 min, starting 2 h prior to surgery) or by means of a drug delivery system (Acuvue contact lenses soaked for 1 h in eye drop solution without preservatives, 1–5 h prior to surgery). At the beginning of cataract extraction, 50–100 μl aqueous fluid was aspirated from the anterior chamber and immediately stored at −80 °C. Antibiotic concentrations were measured using fluorescence polarisation immuno-assays (aminoglycosides) or high-performance liquid chromatography (fluoroquinolones). Results: After soaking for 1 h in 0.3% eye drop solutions, Acuvue contact lenses released about 190–250 μg aminoglycoside and ofloxacin and 1000 μg ciprofloxacin. These amounts are considerably lower or in the same order of magnitude than obtained with application of eye drops (1350 μg). From the aminoglycosides tested, only gentamicin and tobramycin, but not kanamycin, were able to penetrate into the aqueous humour of patients. After the wearing of antibiotic-soaked lenses, mean aqueous humour concentrations were higher than after the use of eye drops. This difference reached significance in tobramycin (1.09 (1.30) μg · ml⁻¹ vs 0.49 (0.79) μg · ml⁻¹), ciprofloxacin (1.23 (0.60) μg · ml⁻¹ vs 0.38 (0.33) μg · ml⁻¹) and ofloxacin (5.55 (2.53) μg · ml⁻¹ vs 0.56 (0.37) μg · ml⁻¹). The percentage of patients with aqueous humour concentration above the MIC₉₀ of Staphylococcus epidermidis, the most common cause of postoperative endophthalmitis, was 92% and 100% after wearing ciprofloxacin- or ofloxacin-soaked lenses, respectively. Conclusion: Gentamicin and tobramycin penetrated into the aqueous humour of patients, whereas kanamycin was not able to overcome the corneal barrier. Acuvue contact lenses soaked in 0.3% eye drop solutions can release sufficient amounts of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin to produce bacteriostatic concentrations in the humor aquosus. Acuvue contact lenses can be recommended as a drug delivery system for fluoroquinolones. Received: 15 October 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 16 December 1998     

佳贝和欧可芬滴眼液在白内障手术中应用的研究

目的：评价佳贝和欧可芬滴眼液在白内障术中维持瞳孔散大及术后抗炎作用疗效。胡机分组（佳贝组、欧可芬组和对照组）研究８６名白内障患者术前应用两种药物后,白内障术中瞳孔大小的改变以及对卡米可林（氨甲酰胆碱,Ｃａｒｂａｃｏｌ）缩瞳作用的影响;以地塞米松滴眼液为对照,研究应用两种滴眼液对术后角膜后ＫＰ和房水混浊度的影响,以及对术眼眼压的影响。结果：与对照组相比,佳贝和欧可芬都能有效抑制术中的瞳孔缩小（Ｐ〈０     

Analysis of lipid peroxidation and electron microscopic survey of maturation stages during human cataractogenesis: pharmacokinetic assay of Can-C N-acetylcarnosine prodrug lubricant eye drops for cataract prevention

Morphological and biophysical techniques described in this study have shown that membrane derangement occurs in human cataractous lenses. The data suggest that these disruptions were globules, vacuoles, multilamellar membranes and clusters of highly undulating membranes. Deleterious structural damage of the lens fibre cell plasma membranes serve as the primary light-scattering centres that cause the observed lens opacity. Nuclear cataract, a major cause of loss of lens transparency in the aging human, has been thought to be associated with oxidative damage, particularly at the site of the nuclear plasma membrane. Phospholipid molecules modified by oxygen accumulate in the lipid bilayer, change its geometry and impair lipid-lipid and protein-lipid interactions in lenticular fibre membranes. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is a causative and pathogenic factor in cataract. Increased concentrations of primary molecular LPO products (diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides, oxy-derivatives of phospholipid fatty acids) and end-fluorescent LPO products have been detected in the lipid moieties of aqueous humour samples and human lenses obtained from patients with senile and complicated cataracts as compared with normal donors. In the present study, a rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for determination of imidazole-containing dipeptides in the aqueous humour of the eye was developed. The method was applied to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and the time-course of N-acetylcarnosine and L-carnosine-related product in the eye, following a single dosage of topical ocular administration of peptide. Utilising data from pharmacokinetic studies and the specific purity of the N-acetylcarnosine (NAC) ingredient as a source of the pharmacological principle L-carnosine, we have created an ophthalmic time-release prodrug form including the US FDA-approved carboxymethylcellulose lubricant and other essential ingredients (Can-C, private label Nu-Eyes). This formulation increases the intraocular absorption of L-carnosine in the aqueous humour and optimises its specific antioxidant activity in vivo while reducing the toxic effects of lipid peroxides on the crystalline lens. L-carnosine that enters the aqueous humour can accumulate in the lens tissue for a reasonable period of time. The presence of L-carnosine in transparent crystalline lenses during normal aging was detected and its concentration in this case was about 25 microM. At different stages of cataract development, the level of L-carnosine drastically decreased, reaching about 5 microM in ripe human cataracts. However, administration of pure L-carnosine (1% solution) to the rabbit eye (instillation or subconjunctival injection) does not lead to accumulation of this natural compound in the aqueous humour at the time level over 30 minutes at a concentration exceeding that in placebo-treated matched eyes, and its effective concentration is exhausted more rapidly. Use of NAC prodrug eye drops optimises the clinical effects of L-carnosine in the treatment of ophthalmic disorders (such as prevention and reversal of cataracts in human and animal [canine] eyes). The data provided predict a clinical effect with NAC ophthalmic prodrug, and show that the magnitude and duration of this effect are directly related to the bioavailability of L-carnosine released from NAC in the aqueous humour of the anterior eye segment. The ophthalmic NAC drug shows promise in the treatment of a range of ophthalmic disorders that have a component of oxidative stress in their pathogenesis (including cataract, glaucoma, dry eye, vitreous floaters, inflammatory disorders, and corneal, retinal and systemic diseases [such as diabetes mellitus and its ophthalmic complications]). There is a need for further and better collaboration between Innovative Vision Products' cataract control and ophthalmic services, improved education of people affected by cataract, a commitment that N-acetylcarnosine eye drops will be the preferred treatment before orthodox cataract surgery is attempted, and consideration of outcomes and a possible role of the NAC drug cataract treatment as source of referral for orthodox surgical, ophthalmic and optometric services.     

原发性青光眼合并白内障手术方式临床评价

目的探讨原发性青光眼合并白内障手术方式临床效果。方法本组53例63眼,根据房角粘连情况将38例48眼闭角青光眼合并白内障患者分为：房角粘连关闭≤180°12眼,采用超乳联合房角分离术;180°〈房角粘连关闭≤270°20眼,采用超乳联合房角分离、虹膜周边切除术;房角粘连关闭〉270°16眼,采用超乳、房角分离联合小梁切除术（简称三联）,15例开角型青光眼合并白内障,视力低于0.4者,行超乳联合小梁切除术,随访3个月-5年,对比术前、术后的视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角变化。结果 29眼急性闭角型青光眼和19眼慢性闭角型青光眼术后眼压控制在正常范围,视力恢复良好;6只慢性闭角型青光眼房角粘连〉2/3,术后近期眼压控制好,术后1.8-2.0年眼压再次增高,药物效果好,眼压控制在正常范围。15例开角型青光眼合并白内障者,术后视力均提高,术后眼压12眼控制正常范围,3眼术后近期眼压控制好,1.0-1.5年眼压再次增高,药物控制眼压良好。结论对于原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者,根据房角关闭情况：行超乳联合房角分离术、虹膜周边切除术超乳联合小梁切除术（三联术）,开角性青光眼合并白内障患者,超乳联合小梁切除术可有效控制眼压,但仍需长期随访。     

The action of sympathomimetic amines on the outflow of aqueous humour from the eye

The actions of adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline on the resistance to outflow of aqueous humour from the rabbit eye are described. In some experiments, correlations have been made with pupil diameter. Intravitreous injections of adrenaline, noradrenaline and large doses of isoprenaline decreased the resistance to outflow of fluid from the eye and dilated the pupil. Intravitreous injection of phentolamine was without effect on the intraocular pressure and resistance to outflow of aqueous humour, although such injections resulted in miosis. The actions of adrenaline, noradrenaline and large doses of isoprenaline on the outflow resistance were antagonized by phentolamine. Postganglionic sympathetic denervation did not affect the aqueous humour dynamics when the eyes where examined 2 weeks later, but all the denervated eyes exhibited miosis at this time. Much smaller doses of noradrenaline were required to lower the intraocular pressure and decrease the resistance to outflow of aqueous humour in the denervated eyes; in addition, the dose/response curve for the effect of noradrenaline on the outflow resistance was shifted to the left in these experiments. These results support the view that adrenaline α-receptors are associated with the resistance to outflow of aqueous humour from the rabbit eye.     

Comparison of Aqueous Humour Concentration after Single High Dose Versus Multiple Administration of Topical Moxifloxacin in Rabbits

For the prevention of postoperative ocular infections prophylactic topical antibiotics are routinely used. Studies evaluating comparative difference between single dose versus multiple dose administration on aqueous humour concentration of moxifloxacin are lacking. This study compared the aqueous humour concentration of moxifloxacin following its topical administration in rabbit eyes with two dose regimens. Twelve albino rabbits were divided into two groups. In group-1, two drops were administered thrice (total six drops) at 2 min intervals, in both the eyes; in group-2, two drops of moxifloxacin were administered three times a day for three days and also two h before aqueous humour collection i.e. on fourth day. Mean aqueous humour concentrations were calculated and compared using Student''s ‘t’ test and P<0.05 was considered significant. Moxifloxacin concentration in aqueous humour in group-1 was 23.79 μg/ml and in group-2 was 42.08 μg/ml. Both dosing regimens produced substantially higher aqueous concentrations than the known minimum inhibitory concentration for most bacteria. Moxifloxacin concentration in aqueous humour with multiple instillations is significantly higher than single instillation (P<0.05), which is adequate to cover ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Repeated topical moxifloxacin administration achieved significantly higher aqueous humour concentrations than single administration.     

Effect of nasolacrimal occlusion on timolol concentrations in the aqueous humor of the human eye.

We studied the effect of manual nasolacrimal occlusion on the concentration of timolol in the aqueous humor of eyes of patients undergoing cataract extraction. Aqueous humor samples were obtained at various times after timolol maleate instillation from patients with or without 5 min of nasolacrimal occlusion; aliquots were assayed by HPLC. In patients receiving occlusion treatment, average timolol concentrations were statistically greater than those in control patients both between 15 and 90 min after instillation and also at 180 min. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that occlusion increased the concentration of timolol in the aqueous humor 1.7 times. In both groups, timolol concentrations were highest approximately 1 h after instillation. The decline in aqueous humor timolol concentrations occurred at similar rates in both groups.     

闭角型青光眼合并白内障行超声乳化术的临床研究

目的探讨应用超声乳化术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障在临床所取得的疗效。方法选择从2010年1月至2013年1月来我院眼科门诊就诊并由门诊医生收住入院的52例54眼闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者,对52例患者行超声乳化术后植入人工晶状体。结果52例患者术后共有50例52眼眼压明显下降,术前平均眼压为（23．34±2．68）mmHg,术后平均眼压为（13．56±2．29）mmHg,并且48例50眼术后前房平均深度（3．89±0．34）mm,术前前房平均深度为（2．46±0．19）mm。结论通过对闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者行超声乳化术联合术后人工晶状体植入可以明显降低患者眼压,提高患者视力,从而提升了患者生活质量。     

Comparative evaluation of aqueous and plasma concentration of topical moxifloxacin alone and with flurbiprofen in patients of cataract surgery

Objectives:

To determine the aqueous and plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin administered topically alone and with flurbiprofen in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 50 subjects scheduled for routine cataract surgery were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 25 each). Group-1 patients were treated with topical moxifloxacin alone: One drop 6 times/day for 3 days before surgery and one drop 4 times on the day of surgery: Group-2 patients were treated with topical moxifloxacin as in Group-1 and with topical flurbiprofen: One drop 4 times/day for 3 days before and on the day of surgery. The interval between two drugs was 30 min for last 3 days and 15 min on the day of surgery. Last dose was administered 1 h before aqueous humor and blood sampling for both the groups. The antibiotic concentration in aqueous humor and plasma were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography.

Results:

The mean concentration of moxifloxacin in aqueous humor was 1.71 ± 0.82 mg/ml in Group-1 and 2.39 ± 1.34 mg/ml in Group-2. Concentrations of moxifloxacin in aqueous humor were significantly higher in Group-2 than that of Group-1.

Conclusion:

Flurbiprofen may increase the concentration of moxifloxacin in aqueous humor.KEY WORDS: Aqueous humor, cataract surgery, flurbiprofen, moxifloxacin     

Efficacy of topical ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% for control of pain or discomfort associated with cataract surgery

SUMMARY

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of ketorolac 0.4% ophthalmic solution for control of pain and discomfort associated with cataract surgery.

Methods: This was a single-center, double-masked, randomized, fellow-eye placebo-controlled clinical study of 25 patients (mean age 72?years; 76% female) requiring bilateral cataract surgery. Patients received either ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% ophthalmic solution (Acular LS*) or placebo, 1 drop QID for 3?days prior to and 1?day following phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation on their first eye, and the other treatment for surgery on the second, fellow eye 1?week–4?weeks later. The physician rated patient cooperation and ocular pain or discomfort during surgery, and patients rated ocular pain or discomfort immediately and 24?h after surgery.

Results: Patients reported significantly less ocular pain during the 24?h following surgery when treated with ketorolac 0.4% than with placebo (?p = 0.02). Ocular pain was reported for only a single ketorolac 0.4%-treated eye (4%) during that period, compared with 39% of placebo-treated eyes (?p = 0.004). No significant differences between eyes treated with ketorolac 0.4% and placebo were observed in patient cooperation, and ocular pain or discomfort during or immediately after surgery. No adverse events occurred during the study.

Limitations: Evaluation of pain is subjective, and the severity of pain experienced in the control, vehicle-treated eyes was low.

Conclusions: The reduction in pain associated with cataract surgery afforded by ophthalmic ketorolac 0.4%, together with its favorable safety profile, make it an important tool to help surgeons meet the high expectations of today's cataract and refractive surgery patients.     

Reduction in intraocular pressure induced by colchicine and related compounds

The effects of various microtubule inhibitors on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of albino rabbits were investigated. The compounds produced a marked fall in the IOP which was more prolonged after intravitreal injection than after topical administration. Tolerance to this response developed although no cross tolerance between colchicine and vinblastine was apparent. The drugs produced no effect on the pupil diameters and fluorescein angiography revealed no leakage of dye from the vessels of the iris. Lumicolchicine and trimethylcolchicinic acid were without effect on the IOP. The iris-ciliary processes contained more [³H]colchicine after intravitreal injection than after topical administration, and most was associated with the ciliary processes, the site of formation of aqueous humour. Further colchicine and vinblastine were bound within the tubulin containing fraction of this tissue. We suggest that colchicine and related compounds reduce the IOP via mechanisms of microtubule disruption which may partially inhibit the formation of aqueous humour by the ciliary processes.     

Brimonidine

Brimonidine tartrate is a highly selective alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist indicated for the chronic treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Glaucoma, a serious worldwide public health problem causing blindness in 5.2 million people, is treated by drugs that lower the intraocular pressure (IOP), a primary risk factor in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Currently, beta-blockers are the most common therapy. In two 12-month clinical comparison trials with timolol 0.5% (n = 926), twice-daily brimonidine produced IOP lowering comparable to twice-daily timolol. In a 3-month trial with betaxolol 0.25% suspension (n = 206), twice-daily brimonidine was more effective in lowering IOP than twice-daily betaxolol. Brimonidine was well-tolerated ocularly and systemically in these trials. It caused no clinically significant mean changes in heart rate or blood pressure. Brimonidine produced no significant effect on FEV1 in clinical trials, and it is not contraindicated in patients with cardiopulmonary disease. Brimonidine 0.2% dosed twice daily has clinical utility as a first-line drug therapy. It is an effective and safe alternative to beta-blockers, particularly in patients at risk for pulmonary or cardiovascular disease. It decreases aqueous humour production and increases uveoscleral outflow, and has an additive ocular hypotensive effect used concomitantly with other agents. Brimonidine has demonstrated neuroprotective properties in laboratory animal studies. Additional studies are warranted to determine whether brimonidine has clinical benefit in protecting the optic nerve head from glaucomatous damage. Brimonidine is an important contribution to glaucoma management.     

Vancomycin levels in human aqueous humour after intravenous and subconjunctival administration.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the level of vancomycin in human aqueous humour after intravenous (i.v.) and subconjunctival administration. One hundred patients scheduled to undergo cataract extraction participated in the study. Fifty-three of them received 20 mg vancomycin subconjunctivally and 47 received two doses of vancomycin i.v. (1 g b.i.d.). Specimens of aqueous humour from the first group were collected 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 5, 6, 7, and 8 h after the subconjunctival injection. In the second group, specimens of blood and aqueous humour were collected 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h after the end of infusion of the second dose of the antibiotic. The levels of vancomycin were determined by fluorescent polarization immunoassay. In the first group peak levels of 24.82+/-3.55 microg/ml were achieved in aqueous humour at 5 h, whereas in the second group peak levels of 1.42+/-0.47 microg/ml were detected at 6 h. The latter levels, although higher than the MICs of most of the Gram-positive pathogens causing eye infections, are inadequate for the treatment of infections in vivo. These results support the need for subconjunctival instead of i.v. administration of vancomycin in order to achieve therapeutic levels of the drug in human aqueous humour or for prophylactic use whenever indicated.     

Penetration of nadolol into aqueous humour after a single oral dose.

Nadolol 20 mg was administered orally as a single-blind, single dose to nine patients about to undergo cataract extraction. Intraocular pressures fell by a mean of 24% 3 h after administration. During the operation, aqueous humour and serum samples were taken for measurement of nadolol concentrations. Aqueous nadolol concentrations ranged from 3.8 to 13.4 ng ml-1, and correlated with the serum drug concentrations (r = 0.84). The fall in intraocular pressure did not correlate with either the aqueous humour or plasma concentrations of nadolol.     

超声乳化联合小梁切除术在慢性闭角型青光眼眼压控制的效果

目的探讨白内障超声乳化摘除联合小梁切除术对慢性闭角型青光眼眼压的控制效果。方法慢性闭角型青光眼伴有白内障患者54例(54只眼),随机分为两组:A组,28例,行超声乳化白内障摘除联合小梁切除术;B组,26例,行单纯超声乳化白内障摘除术。观察两组术前、术后1、3、6、9、12、15、18、21和24个月的眼内压、使用降眼压药物的种数以及术后并发症。结果与B组比较,A组术后的眼压控制效果好,使用降眼压药物的种数少。结论超声乳化联合小梁切除术能够更有效地控制慢性闭角型青光眼眼压。     

The effects of prolonged acute use and inflammation on the ocular penetration of topical ciprofloxacin

PURPOSE: To study the aqueous and vitreous penetration of ciprofloxacin after prolonged acute topical administration and to investigate the effects of inflammation on drug penetration. METHODS: A standardized model of intraocular infection after penetrating injury was made in the right eyes of eight rabbits. The intact left eyes were maintained as the control. Two drops of ciprofloxacin 0.3% eyedrops were instilled topically every 1 h for 7 h to all eyes of the rabbits. Aqueous and vitreous samples (100 microl) were obtained half an hour after the last drop. Instillation was continued for 7 h more and samples were obtained as before. Drug concentrations were measured using HPLC. RESULTS: The mean aqueous humor levels of ciprofloxacin were: in control eyes 1.31 +/- 0.78 microg/ml after 7 h and 1.85 +/- 1.69 microg/ml after 14 h of instillation: in inflamed eyes 2.18 +/- 1.02 microg/ml after 7 h and 2.91 +/- 2.12 microg/ml after 14 h. The mean vitreous humor levels were: in control eyes 0.65 +/- 0.44 microg/ml after 7 h and 0.72 +/- 0.8 microg/ml after 14 h of instillation; in inflamed eyes 0.67 +/- 0.77 microg/ml after 7 h and 1.01 +/- 0.43 microg/ml after 14 h. However, the differences among the groups were not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ciprofloxacin penetration into aqueous humor was higher in 14-h topical application than that for 7 h. Inflammation increased the penetration of topical ciprofloxacin into aqueous while administered for 7 h and into both aqueous and vitreous humor while administered for 14 h. c     

超声乳化白内障吸除联合房角分离术治疗闭角型青光眼的临床研究

目的观察超声乳化及后房型折叠人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术,治疗闭角型青光眼的疗效,以及术前术后房角形态的改变。方法连续性选取收治的闭角型青光眼合并有白内障的患者77例96只眼,随机分为超声乳化组(Phaco组)和小梁切除手术组(Trab组)。观察手术前后视力、中央前房深度、角膜内皮细胞密度、视野、房角及眼压的变化情况并进行统计学处理。平均随访11个月。结果 Phaco组术后视力明显提高而Trab组提高不明显;眼压Phaco组手术后6个月时由术前(36.42±5.37)mmHg降低为(15.37±4.29)mmHg,Trab组由术前(38.25±3.39)mmHg降低为(15.55±2.00)mmHg,两组手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义。Phaco组手术后3个月时的前房深度由术前(1.66±0.24)mm加深为(3.31±0.34)mm,房角均较术前有增宽,前后比较差异有非常显著性(P<0.001)。而Trab组则无明显变化。两组患者术后视野均无缩小。结论对于合并闭角型青光眼的白内障患者,超声乳化白内障吸除、人工晶体植入联合房角分离术是一种便捷、安全、有效的方法 ,具有降压、增视及改善房角形态等优点。